Civil Engineer - Survey Camp Presentation
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This document summarizes techniques used in civil engineering surveys. It introduces distance measurement using tools like EDM, angle measurement using theodolites, and elevation surveying with dumpy levels. It also discusses techniques like tacheometry, contour mapping, and use of total stations, which are electronic instruments that combine distance and angle measurements for surveying applications. The document was presented on surveying techniques at a training camp from May 26 to June 7, 2014.
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Question 1
Triangulation, trilateration, traverse, leveling, and radiation are the five most common land survey techniques. Traverse surveying involves measuring distances and lengths to connect points and determine locations, making it suitable for preliminary surveys and navigating around obstacles. Given the existing buildings on the site, traverse surveying would allow connecting points to survey the site while working around structures.
Surveying presentation and its objectives in detail including principles,hist...
Surveying is the technique of determining positions and distances between points on the Earth's surface. Ancient surveyors used simple geometry and ropes to establish boundaries. Modern surveying began in the 18th century with more precise instruments like the theodolite and methods for measuring distance. In the 20th century, technologies like tellurometers and GPS satellites improved accuracy. Today, surveys combine traditional and modern tools like total stations, drones, and 3D scanning. Surveying techniques involve measuring angles and distances to map features and boundaries.
Surveying
Surveying is defined as determining the relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the earth's surface through measurements of horizontal and vertical distances, angles, and directions. The primary objective of a survey is to prepare a plan or map. Surveying is essential for engineering and construction projects like highways, railways, and irrigation systems as it involves preparing accurate plans and sections. Surveying can be divided into plan surveying and geodetic surveying, with plan surveying covering smaller areas where earth's curvature is ignored, while geodetic surveying covers larger distances and accounts for curvature.
Module 1 basic surveying
The document provides an introduction to basic surveying. It defines surveying as determining relative positions of objects on Earth's surface by measuring horizontal distances and preparing maps to scale. The purposes of engineering surveying include determining land areas and volumes needed for construction projects. Objectives of surveying include preparing plans for infrastructure like roads, buildings, and canals, as well as measuring land areas. Surveying principles include considering parts in relation to the whole and locating points using two or more measurements.
Application of surveying
The document discusses the basic applications of surveying that are important for quantity surveyors to understand. It defines surveying as determining the relative positions of points on the earth's surface. Surveying is classified based on the instruments used, objectives, and methods employed. The key types are plane, geodetic, chain, compass, theodolite, tachometric, photogrammetric, and EDM surveying. Surveying has various purposes like topographical maps, cadastral maps, engineering maps, and setting out work. It is essential for quantity surveyors to have basic knowledge of surveying applications to efficiently work with surveyors.
Engineering survey
Content- Introduction to surveying and leveling
Object and Uses of Surveying, Fundamental Principles of Surveying, Introduction to conventional methods and equipment used for surveying and Leveling
Introduction to modern equipment’s used in surveying- EDM, Total Station, GIS,GPS, Remote sensing, planimeter.
Introduction to Topo sheets and use of maps.
Surveying instruments
This document discusses various instruments used in surveying operations. It describes tripods, level staffs, total stations, clinometers, compasses, GPS, theodolites, and prisms. Tripods are used to support surveying instruments. Level staffs allow determination of elevation differences. Total stations can read distances electronically. Clinometers measure angles of inclination. Compasses determine directions relative to magnetic poles. GPS uses satellites to calculate positions. Theodolites measure horizontal and vertical angles. Prisms are targets used with total stations.
Surveying introduction
Surveying is the technique of accurately determining positions and measurements of natural and man-made features on the Earth's surface. It involves measuring horizontal and vertical distances and angles. There are two main categories of surveying: plane surveying, which assumes a flat Earth, and geodetic surveying, which accounts for the Earth's curvature. The work of surveyors includes fieldwork to collect data, computations, mapping, and stakeouts. Surveying is used for applications such as boundary delineation, construction, and topographic mapping.
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Question 1
Triangulation, trilateration, traverse, leveling, and radiation are the five most common land survey techniques. Traverse surveying involves measuring distances and lengths to connect points and determine locations, making it suitable for preliminary surveys and navigating around obstacles. Given the existing buildings on the site, traverse surveying would allow connecting points to survey the site while working around structures.
Surveying presentation and its objectives in detail including principles,hist...
Surveying is the technique of determining positions and distances between points on the Earth's surface. Ancient surveyors used simple geometry and ropes to establish boundaries. Modern surveying began in the 18th century with more precise instruments like the theodolite and methods for measuring distance. In the 20th century, technologies like tellurometers and GPS satellites improved accuracy. Today, surveys combine traditional and modern tools like total stations, drones, and 3D scanning. Surveying techniques involve measuring angles and distances to map features and boundaries.
Surveying
Surveying is defined as determining the relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the earth's surface through measurements of horizontal and vertical distances, angles, and directions. The primary objective of a survey is to prepare a plan or map. Surveying is essential for engineering and construction projects like highways, railways, and irrigation systems as it involves preparing accurate plans and sections. Surveying can be divided into plan surveying and geodetic surveying, with plan surveying covering smaller areas where earth's curvature is ignored, while geodetic surveying covers larger distances and accounts for curvature.
Module 1 basic surveying
The document provides an introduction to basic surveying. It defines surveying as determining relative positions of objects on Earth's surface by measuring horizontal distances and preparing maps to scale. The purposes of engineering surveying include determining land areas and volumes needed for construction projects. Objectives of surveying include preparing plans for infrastructure like roads, buildings, and canals, as well as measuring land areas. Surveying principles include considering parts in relation to the whole and locating points using two or more measurements.
Application of surveying
The document discusses the basic applications of surveying that are important for quantity surveyors to understand. It defines surveying as determining the relative positions of points on the earth's surface. Surveying is classified based on the instruments used, objectives, and methods employed. The key types are plane, geodetic, chain, compass, theodolite, tachometric, photogrammetric, and EDM surveying. Surveying has various purposes like topographical maps, cadastral maps, engineering maps, and setting out work. It is essential for quantity surveyors to have basic knowledge of surveying applications to efficiently work with surveyors.
Engineering survey
Content- Introduction to surveying and leveling
Object and Uses of Surveying, Fundamental Principles of Surveying, Introduction to conventional methods and equipment used for surveying and Leveling
Introduction to modern equipment’s used in surveying- EDM, Total Station, GIS,GPS, Remote sensing, planimeter.
Introduction to Topo sheets and use of maps.
Surveying instruments
This document discusses various instruments used in surveying operations. It describes tripods, level staffs, total stations, clinometers, compasses, GPS, theodolites, and prisms. Tripods are used to support surveying instruments. Level staffs allow determination of elevation differences. Total stations can read distances electronically. Clinometers measure angles of inclination. Compasses determine directions relative to magnetic poles. GPS uses satellites to calculate positions. Theodolites measure horizontal and vertical angles. Prisms are targets used with total stations.
Surveying introduction
Surveying is the technique of accurately determining positions and measurements of natural and man-made features on the Earth's surface. It involves measuring horizontal and vertical distances and angles. There are two main categories of surveying: plane surveying, which assumes a flat Earth, and geodetic surveying, which accounts for the Earth's curvature. The work of surveyors includes fieldwork to collect data, computations, mapping, and stakeouts. Surveying is used for applications such as boundary delineation, construction, and topographic mapping.
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Control surveying
This document discusses control surveying and triangulation. It notes that control surveying must account for the curvature of the Earth and refraction, as lines of sight are not entirely straight. It distinguishes between plane and geodetic surveying, with the latter accounting for the spherical shape of the Earth. The document then discusses establishing control points through triangulation, including different classes of triangulation, steps in triangulation like selecting stations, and erecting signals and towers.
Engineering survey in the construction industry
This document discusses the role and responsibilities of survey engineers in Kenya. It states that survey engineers are instrumental at both the design and completion stages of projects. In Kenya, survey engineers are often seen as field workers and can be excluded from important project decisions if they are not careful. The document then outlines some key responsibilities of survey engineers, such as topographical surveys, monitoring infrastructure and utilities, setting out project sites, and establishing land boundaries. It also lists common tools used by survey engineers like GPS systems, total stations, levels, and software. Survey control, topographical surveys, earthworks calculations, and mass haul diagrams are also summarized.
Spatial interpolation techniques
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This document provides definitions and information related to site analysis and planning. It defines key terms like plot, site, land, and region. It also outlines different units of measurement used in surveying like the metric and English systems. The document discusses different types of surveying like plain, geodetic, cadastral, topographic, and traverse surveying. It explains the importance of surveying and classifies surveys based on the nature of field work, object of survey, and instruments used.
Presentation of surveying
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This document provides an overview of surveying. It defines surveying as determining relative positions of points on Earth's surface by measuring horizontal distances, angles, and details. The objectives are to prepare maps and plans showing positions of objects and engineering features. There are different types of surveying based on instruments used, methods, purposes, and areas surveyed. Primary divisions are plane and geodetic surveying. Fundamental principles include working from whole to part and locating new stations by two measurements from fixed references. Surveying has various applications like topographical, cadastral, and engineering mapping.
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This document provides an overview of surveying fundamentals. It defines surveying as measuring distances, angles, and positions on Earth's surface, requiring both art and science. The two main types of surveying are plane and geodetic. Plane surveying treats Earth as flat while geodetic accounts for curvature. Surveying is used for preliminary data gathering, layout, and control and includes techniques like leveling, distance measurement, angular measurement, and location methods. Accuracy, errors, and units of measurement are also discussed.
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Surveying
This document provides an overview of surveying concepts and techniques. It discusses:
1) The definitions, classifications, instruments, and methods used in surveying like chain surveying, compass surveying, plane table surveying, and total station surveying.
2) The objectives of surveying which include preparing maps, plans and transferring details to mark locations on the ground for engineering projects.
3) The primary divisions of surveying into plain surveying which ignores curvature of the earth, and geodetic surveying which accounts for curvature over large areas.
4) Fundamental surveying principles like working from the whole to parts, and locating new points using two measurements from fixed references.
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Shahid nazir paray
This document describes an extensive survey project submitted by a group of civil engineering students at a government polytechnic college in Budgam. It includes an acknowledgement section, list of group members, and sections on the introduction, objectives, types of leveling, plane table surveying, intersection method, traversing method, compass surveying, and types of magnetic compasses used including the prismatic compass. The project involves leveling, plane table surveying and compass surveying methods.
Introduction to Surveying under ECE
A brief introduction of surveying under the coarse of civil engineering. Covers various aspects of surveying.
group-3-a21-traverse-report.pdf
This document contains a report from a group of civil engineering students at the University of Malaysia Pahang on a theodolite traversing exercise. The group conducted a traverse survey within the university campus to establish control networks and locate survey stations. They measured bearing and length between stations using a total station. Their report includes an introduction, objectives, equipment used, procedures, field book, scaled drawing of the survey, and analysis. The traverse was completed within specifications for angular and linear closure errors.
Setting out of works
This document discusses various surveying instruments used for setting out engineering works. It describes the importance of setting out works, which involves transferring distances from plans to mark locations before construction. Key instruments discussed include dumpy levels, prismatic compasses, theodolites, and total stations. Dumpy levels are used to establish horizontal planes and measure height differences, while theodolites and total stations can measure both horizontal and vertical angles for layout. Total stations integrate electronic distance measurement with a theodolite for coordinate measurement. Maintaining accuracy is essential for setting out works.
Distance Measurement & Chain Surveying
Distance Measurement & Chain Surveying
Contents
• Introduction About Surveying
.
• Primary Division Of Surveying • Classification Of Surveying • Distance Measurement And Chain Surveying • Principle Of Surveying • Types Of Tapes Based On The Materials Used • Erecting And Dropping A Perpendicular • Obstacle In Chain Survey • Types Of Errors • Corrections of Tape • Off –Sets • Ranging • Conclusion . • Homework And Next Lecture . • References.
-Definition of Surveying.
Types of Surveying
1. Plane Surveying
2. Geodetic Survey
3. Cadastral surveying
4. Aerial Surveying
5. Hydro graphic Surveying (Hydro-Survey)
6. Topographical Survey
7. Engineering Survey.
Primary division of Surveying
Reconnaissance.
• This is preliminary survey of the land to be surveyed. It may be either
1-Ground reconnaissance 2- Aerial reconnaissance survey.
Objectives of Reconnaissance
1. To ascertain the possibility of building or constructing route or track through the area.
Classification of Surveying:
1- Classification based on the instruments used:
A. Chain Surveying.
B. Compass Surveying.
C. Theodolite Surveying.
D. Tachometric Surveying .
E. Trigonometric Surveying.
F. Total station and GPS.
G. Photogrammetric and Aerial Surveying.
H. Plan Table .
2- According to the method used:
i. Traversing .
ii. Triangulation .
iii. Tacheometric.
iv. Trigonometric.
3- According to the Purpose of surveying:
i. Engineering survey.
ii. Military survey.
iii. Geological survey .
iv. Topographical survey
Chain and Tape Survey
-Length& Distance Measurements.
-Distance Measurement and Chain Surveying.
• In general there are two methods:
1- Direct methods of measuring lengths
2- Indirect methods of measuring distances.
There are two kinds of measurements used in plane surveying.
*Linear measurements
*Angular measurements
-Instruments used in Chain Surveying.
Types of tapes based on the materials used.
.......
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
chapter 1 and 2 @etconp.pdf
The document discusses surveying, including definitions, importance, branches, and measurement units. It defines surveying as measuring earth points' locations horizontally and vertically. Surveying is important for engineering projects. Its branches include geodetic, plane, topographic, control, photogrammetric, construction, cadastral, route, and hydrographic surveying. Measurement units include meters for length, degrees for angles, and scales for drawings. Linear measurements are direct, indirect, or electronic. Tape measurements consider errors from standardization, slope, temperature, tension, and sag.
Surveying instruments.pptx
Common surveying instruments and their uses are described. A theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles to locate points and prolong survey lines. A transit level combines an optical instrument and built-in spirit level to determine relative positions precisely. A total station integrates a theodolite, auto-level, and electronic distance meter to measure angles and distances. Other instruments include a surveying tripod to mount devices, prisms as targets, a prism pole to measure elevations, an alidade to sight distant objects, and a dumpy level to define objects at the same level.
Project report1 of levelling in pdf2
The document discusses a project report on leveling difference between the north and south ends of the Centurion University of Technology and Management campus in Paralakhemundi, Odisha. It provides background on surveying, leveling methods, leveling instruments, and the methodology used. The work done section details leveling surveys conducted between various points on the campus, including the boys' hostel, triangle, and temple, and calculates the leveling differences between each point. The conclusion discusses the overall leveling difference measured across the entire surveyed area.
Part 1, Introduction and Definitions.pdf
Surveying is the art of measuring distances, angles, and positions on the Earth's surface. It has several main purposes, including determining relative positions of points, setting out lines for construction projects, calculating areas and volumes, and creating maps and diagrams. Some early examples of surveying include Babylonian maps from 2500 BC, irrigation ditches in Babylon in 1800 BC, and boundary marking in Egypt around 1400 BC using ropes. Surveying can be divided into aerial surveying using photographs and ground surveying, which includes geodetic, plane, topographic, hydrographic, route, mining, and construction surveying.
Surveying 2
1. A subsidiary station or satellite station is established near a true or principal station to aid in surveying. Working from whole to part means establishing control points over the entire area with high precision first before determining minor details with less precision to prevent error accumulation.
2. Triangulation uses optical systems or sensors to determine spatial dimensions by measuring angles and distances in spatial triangles. Requirements for selecting a baseline include level ground free of obstructions with intervisible endpoints suitable for network extension.
3. Strength of figure in triangulation depends on triangle angles and considers how errors in measurement affect side length computations, important for layout and precision.
3A1_Lecture_1-1-.pdf
Engineering surveying involves investigating land to determine the best position for construction projects, producing plans to guide design, setting out sites, monitoring construction, and providing control points. It includes tasks like hydrographic surveying of marine environments, photogrammetry using aerial images, remote sensing via satellite imagery, using geographic information systems to integrate spatial data, and traditional cartography. Engineering surveys establish horizontal and vertical control networks using equipment like theodolites, tapes, total stations, and digital levels to define coordinate systems for sites. They involve techniques like plane surveying, geodetic surveying for larger sites, and setting out construction marks, lines, and levels. Practical sessions provide hands-on experience with surveying equipment and software.
TECHNIQUES IN BASIC SURVEYING.ppt
This document discusses basic surveying techniques. It begins by defining primary and secondary surveys. Primary surveys establish positions in 3D when no prior data exists, while secondary surveys add to existing data or measure changes over time. Plan position is determined through triangulation, resection, trilateration, or offset measurements from a baseline. Elevation is also measured. The document then covers the theory behind plane surveying using properties of triangles. It concludes by outlining the practical steps in a basic chain survey, including establishing baselines and control points and incorporating detail through various measurement techniques. Methods for sloping ground are also addressed.
Lecture#1.pptx
Here are the answers to the homework questions:
1. Surveying - The science of determining the areas, elevations, and positions of points, lines, areas, and volumes on, above, or below the earth's surface.
Triangulation - A surveying method that uses triangles and trigonometric calculations to measure distances too large to use traditional equipment such as tape measures.
Traversing - A method of surveying a series of tied points in a closed or open loop using linear measurement (tapes) and angular measurement (total station instrument).
2. Plane surveying considers earth's surface as a plane and ignores curvature, while geodetic surveying considers earth's surface as curved and accounts for curvature
surveyf tururu ururtu65 6ru5uu56 686585 868
This document provides an overview of surveying concepts including definitions, types of surveying based on methods and instruments, classifications, scales, and plans/maps. It discusses plain surveying vs geodetic surveying, fundamental surveying principles of working from whole to part and locating points with two measurements, and classifications including based on instruments, methods, purpose, and nature of the field. Key types like chain surveying, compass surveying, plane table surveying, and total station surveying are summarized.
1. Intro to Surveying.pdf
This document provides an overview of surveying concepts including definitions, types of surveying based on methods and instruments, classifications, scales, and fundamental principles. It discusses plain surveying versus geodetic surveying and covers topics like triangulation, traversing, leveling, types of scales, and preparation of plans and maps. The key information presented includes classifications of surveying based on instruments, methods, purpose and nature of the field. Objectives and uses of surveying are also summarized.
surveying.levelling ppt.ppt
Surveying is used throughout a construction project from planning to maintenance. There are different types of surveying depending on the stage including feasibility, construction, and post-construction surveys. Surveying involves determining positions on the earth through direct or indirect measurements of distance, direction, and elevation. Levelling specifically measures elevations with respect to a datum. Accuracy refers to how close measurements are to true values while precision refers to how consistent repeated measurements are.
Project report2 of contour
This document describes a student project to find the elevation difference between a newly proposed sewage treatment plant (STP) and an existing structure. The students conducted a leveling survey, taking backsight and foresight readings between benchmark points. Their calculations determined that the elevation difference between the south mess and the proposed STP location is -3.244 meters, indicating the STP should be placed at a lower elevation. The project provided the students with valuable hands-on experience in conducting leveling surveys.
LINEAR SURVEY
This document provides an overview of linear surveying. It discusses the two main types of surveying - plane and geodetic surveying. Plane surveying assumes the earth's surface is flat while geodetic surveying accounts for curvature over large distances. Common methods for measuring horizontal distances like chaining, taping, pacing, odometers, and electronic distance measurement are described. Important accessories for chaining and taping like arrows, pegs, plumb bobs, and offset rods are also outlined. Different technologies used for linear surveying such as theodolites, tacheometers, total stations, 3D scanners, and plane tables are briefly described.
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Civil Engineer - Survey Camp Presentation
- 1. Survey Camp Presented by Jashanpreet Singh B.Tech Civil 1252479 SUSCET, Tangori 26May – 7June 2014
- 2. Civil Engineering deals with Introduction • the design • construction • maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. example • roads • bridges • canals • buildings etc.
- 3. Surveying Introduction is a technique to accurately determine • terrestrial • three dimensional of points, distances and angles between them. POSITION
- 4. Surveying Techniques • Distance measurement • Angle measurement • Levelling • Reference networks
- 5. Surveying > Levelling > Dumpy Level is an optical instrument • used to establish or check points in the same horizontal plane.
- 6. Surveying > Distance Measurement > EDM is an optical instrument • It performs the task of distance measuring
- 7. Theodolite Introduction is a precision instrument • used to measure angles in the horizontal and vertical planes Adopted in fields like meteorology and rocket launch technology
- 8. Tacheometry Introduction is a system of rapid surveying what Tacheometry does ? determines horizontal and vertical positions of points on the earth surface relatively to one another
- 9. Contouring Introduction is a line • on a topographic map that joins all points of the same elevation (height above sea level). Each contour line is continuous, it joins itself.
- 10. Total Station Introduction is an electronic/optical instrument • used in modern surveying and building construction Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control.
- 11. THANK YOU