This document discusses the role and responsibilities of survey engineers in Kenya. It states that survey engineers are instrumental at both the design and completion stages of projects. In Kenya, survey engineers are often seen as field workers and can be excluded from important project decisions if they are not careful. The document then outlines some key responsibilities of survey engineers, such as topographical surveys, monitoring infrastructure and utilities, setting out project sites, and establishing land boundaries. It also lists common tools used by survey engineers like GPS systems, total stations, levels, and software. Survey control, topographical surveys, earthworks calculations, and mass haul diagrams are also summarized.

1. Kenyan Case
Presented By
Erick Rapela
&
Noah Kertich

2. 
 A Survey Engineer is very instrumental in the view that
he is the only individual that is necessary at project
inception(design) as well as completion (as built).
 In Kenya, he is considered a field person thus if not
careful may be locked out of the critical decisions
concerning the project. Must be a dynamic individual.
Other countries like Australia a building surveyor will be
consulted on issues relating to cost, design, insurance etc.
 A surveyor is involved at both the design stage and
construction (implementation) stage of a project.
Introduction

3. 
 Investigating land, using computer-based measuring
instruments and geographical knowledge, to work out the
best position to construct bridges, tunnels and roads;
 Producing up-to-date plans which form the basis for the
design of a project;
 Setting out a site, so that a structure is built in the correct
spot and to the correct size;
 Monitoring the construction process to make sure that the
structure remains in the right position, and recording the
final as-built position;
 Providing control points by which the future movement
of structures such as dams or bridges can be monitored.
Responsibilities

4. 
 Topographical Surveys
 Existing infrastructure/structures
 Underground – invert levels e.g. sewer, drainage
 Utility Survey- KPLC, water, communication(fiber
optic)
 Setting out/ Lay out
 Control
 Cadastral – establish land boundaries
Components of Survey Eng

5. 
 GPS (Geodetic and Handheld)
 Total Stations
 Levels (spirit level, dumpy level, digital level, and laser level)
 Optical square
 ‘Hammer & peg’
 Cable detector (transmitter and locator)
 Software – AutoCAD, CivilCAD, ArcGIS etc
 Internet – GoogleMaps, GoogleEarth etc
Common terms in use:
Chainage, offset, profile, alignment, cross-section, volumes, ogl
Surveyors’ Tools

6. 
 Used to establish highly accurate positions
(horizontal control) and elevations (vertical control)
of select points or stations
 For control at least one station of known coordinates
must be known (SOK points)
 Monumentation – stable points
 We can use a Total station traverse or Static GPS
survey (geodetic network)
 Accurate/precise leveling
Control Survey

7. 
 May be concerned with local detail in general,
including not only relief but also vegetative
and artificial features, and even local history
and culture
 AS-IS survey
 Terrain – contours, profile
 Description – place names
Topographical survey

8. 

9. 
 Involves Cut (excavation)/Fill (embankment)
quantities
 Excavation- the amount of material that needs to be
removed from the grade.
 Embankment- the amount of material that needs to
be added to the grade.
 Excavation and embankment are calculated with
cross sections using the average end area method.
 Volume computation – compare two surfaces e.g.
proposed vs existing
Earthworks

10. 
Sample Cross-section

11. 
 Mass haul is a factor of volume of material and the
distance moved during construction along an alignment.
 We have free (balance) and over haul volumes
 To construct a MHD (you require an alignment, two
surfaces and material list).
 Mass diagrams determine the average haul, free haul, and
overhaul on a given segment of roadway.
 Mass diagrams tell the contractors and inspectors the
quantity of material moved and how far it can be
economically moved (limits are at times set)
Mass Diagram