Production technology of chrysanthemum Protected cultivation HORTICULTURE practices Scope and importance of chrysanthemum Light and temperature management in chrysanthemum

1. CHRYSANTHEMUM
Presented by :
SHAILESH MANERIKAR
MANOJ B
CHAKRADHAR
HEMANTH
SHASHANK

2. TOPICSTO BE COVERED
Only what is important

3. * PRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGY
*BOTANY
*VARIETIES/TYPES
*CULTIVATION
*LIGHT ANDTEMPERATURE
*LIGHT MANAGEMENT
*SPECIAL OPERATIONS

4. COMMON NAME:-
CHRYSANTHEMUM
GLORRY OF EAST
QUEEN OF EAST
GULDAUDI
AUTUMN QUEEN
POT MUM

5. S.N.:Dendranthema grandiflora
FAMILY: ASTERACEAE
ORIGIN: SOUTH EUROPE
CH.NO.: X=9

6. Species to be remembered
C.Morifolium = Florists chrysanthemum
C.rubellum= Breeding for hardy cultivars
C.cieraifolium= pyrethrum extraction (potential insecticide)
C.carinatum= Tricolour Chrysanthemum

7. TH FLORISTS’ POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUM IS A COMPLEX HYBRID COMPOSED OF
CROSSES AMONG SEVERAL ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL SPECIES NATIVETO CHINA.
THOUGH GROWN BYTHE CHINESE FOR OVER 2000YEARS, CULTIVARS WERE NOT
AVAILABLE IN EUROPE UNTILTHE 18005.
→INTHE UNITED STATES AROUND 1889, ELMER D. SMITH HYBRIDIZED AND
NAMED OVER 500 CULTIVARS. → HOWEVER, REAL DEVELOPMENT OFTHE
CHRYSANTHEMUM AS A POT CROP HAS OCCURRED SINCETHE 1940’S.
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM USED IN POT CULTURETODAY IS A HARDY OR SEMI-HARDY
HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL WITH FLOWERS IN AWIDE RANGE OF COLORS.
LETS DIG INTOTHE HISTORY

8. TYPES OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
IRREGULAR INCURVE :-
1. THESE ARETHE GIANT BLOOMS OFTHE
CHRYSANTHEMUM GENUS.
2. THE FLORETS (PETALS) LOOSELY INCURVE AND
MAKE FULLY CLOSED CENTERS.
3. THE LOWER FLORETS PRESENT AN IRREGULAR
APPEARANCE AND MAY GIVE A SKIRTED EFFECT.
BOLA DE ORO (1992)

9. REFLEX :-
THE FLORETS INTHIS CLASS CURVE
DOWNWARD AND OVERLAP,
SIMILARTO BIRD PLUMAGE.THE
TOPS OFTHESE BLOOMS ARE FULL,
BUT SOMEWHAT FLATTENED.
FLOWER SIZE: 4-6 INCHES

10. REGULAR INCURVE :-
ATRUE GLOBULAR BLOOM EQUAL IN
BREADTH AND DEPTH.THE FLORETS
SMOOTHLY INCURVE AND FORM A
BALL. HEATHER JAMES (1972)
FLOWER SIZE: 4-6 INCHES.
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN
AS A DISBUD, PLANT MODERATELY
SHORT.

11. DECORATIVE
A FLATTENED BLOOM WITH SHORT PETALS. AS
IN CLASSES 1-3THE CENTER DISK SHOULD NOT
BEVISIBLE.THE UPPER FLORETSTENDTO
INCURVE, BUTTHE LOWER PETALS GENERALLY
REFLEX.
CHIME (1994)
FLOWER SIZE: 5 INCHES OR GREATER
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS A POT
MUM OR DISBUD, PLANT HEIGHT SHORT

12. Intermidiate incurve
THIS BLOOM CLASS IS SMALLERTHANTHE
IRREGULAR INCURVE,WITH SHORTER
FLORETS, ONLY PARTIALLY INCURVINGWITH
FULL CENTERS, BUT GIVINGA MORE OPEN
APPEARANCE. MANY OFTHE POPULAR
COMMERCIAL INCURVINGTYPESARE INTHIS
INTERMEDIATE CLASS.
“FLOWER SIZE: 6 INCHES OR GREATER.
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS A
DISBUD, PLANT MEDIUM HEIGHT.

13. POMPON
A SMALL GLOBULAR BLOOM, SOMEWHAT FLAT
WHENYOUNG BUT FULLY ROUND WHEN
MATURE. SIZE RANGES FROM SMALL BUTTON
TYPESTO LARGE DISBUDDED BLOOMS ALMOST 4
INCHES IN DIAMETER.THE FLORETS INCURVE OR
REFLEX IN A REGULAR MANNER AND FULLY
CONCEALTHE CENTER.
FLOWER SIZE: 1-4 INCHES.
“FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS:GROWN AS A SPRAY,
PLANT HEIGHTTALL.

14. Single or semi double
A DAISY-LIKE FLOWER WITH A CENTER
DISK AND ONE OR MORE ROWS OF RAY
FLORETS.
FLOWER SIZE: GREATERTHAN 4INCHES.
“FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS
A DISBUD OR SPRAY, PLANT MEDIUM

15. Anemone
THESE BLOOMS ARE SIMILARTOTHE
SEMI-DOUBLES, BUT HAVE A RAISED
CUSHION-LIKE CENTER.
FLOWER SIZE: GREATERTHAN 4 INCHES.
“FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS
A DISBUD, PLANT MEDIUM HEIGHT.

16. Spoon
ESSENTIALLYTHE SAME ASTHE SEMI-
DOUBLE, EXCEPTTHE RAY FLORETS ARE
LIKE SPOONS ATTHETIPS.THE CENTER
DISK IS ROUND ANDVISIBLE.
-FLOWER SIZE: 4 INCHES OR GREATER.
“FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS
A DISBUD OR SPRAY, PLANT HEIGHTTALL.

17. Quill
THE FLORETS INTHIS CLASS ARE
STRAIGHT ANDTUBULAR WITH OPEN
TIPS.THE BLOOM IS FULLY DOUBLE
WITH NO OPEN CENTER.
FLOWER SIZE: 6 INCHES OR GREATER.

18. Spider
SPIDERS HAVE LONGTUBULAR RAY
FLORETS WHICH MAY COIL OR HOOK AT
THE ENDS.THE FLORETS MAY BE
VERY FINETO COARSE.
FLOWER SIZE: SIX INCHES OR GREATER.
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS A
DISBUD, PLANT MEDIUM HEIGHT

19. Brush orThistle
FINETUBULAR FLORETS WHICH GROW
PARALLELTOTHE STEM AND RESEMBLE
AN ARTIST’S PAINT BRUSHES OR INTHE
THISTLE FORMTHE FLORETS ARE
FLATTENED,TWISTED AND DROPPING.
FLOWER SIZE: LESSTHAN 2INCHES.
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS: GROWN AS A
SPRAY, PLANT MEDIUM HEIGHT.

20. Unclassified or Exotic
THOSE BLOOMS WHICH FIT IN NONE OFTHE
OTHER CLASSES.THEY ARE OFTEN
EXOTIC, WITHTWISTED FLORETS.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MORETHAN ONE
THEY MAY ALSO EXHIBIT BLOOM CLASS.
“FLOWER SIZE: 6 INCHES ORGREATER

21. Soil requirements
SOIL SHOULD BE LEVELLED PROPERLY.
COCO PEAT SHOULD BE ADDEDTO IMPROVE
STRUCTURE &WATER HOLDING CAPACITY.
IF GROWING 1ST TIME, SOIL SHOULD BE
DISINFECTED USING FORMALDEHYDE
pH range : 5.5 to 7

22. Chrysanthemum is propagated vegetatively
through suckers, cuttings or by micro-
propagation. After flowering, the stem is cut
back just above the ground.This induces the
formation of side suckers which are separated
from the mother plant and are planted in sand
bed.
Spacing followed is 30*30 cm in the rooted
suckers
PROPAGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM

23. Classification based on response to
temperature
Thermo zero cultivars: flower at any temperature between 10⁰ to 27⁰ but most
constantly at 16⁰c night temperature.
Thermo positive cultivars : Continuous low temperature between 10-13⁰C inhibit
or delay flower bud initiation and at 27⁰C there will be rapid initiation but
delayed flowering.
Thermo negative cultivars: which bud initiation occurs at low temperature delay
bud development occurs

24. PHOTO PERIOD REGULATION
Long day & Short day period
Growing chrysanthemum at day length longer than 16 hours- vegetative growth.
After 18-35 days – when plant height is 30-40 cm- short day treatment should start
Day length longer than 16 hours results in vegetative growth
The height of the plants should be between 30 and 40 cm to start short day
treatment.
The numbers of days taken to have enough vegetative growth vary between 16
and 35 days depending on desired stem length, variety, climate and cultural
practices.

25. ARTIFICIAL LIGHT MANAGEMENT
Lighting :60 watt lamp, 4 ft apart, 2 ft above (4 hours extra).
It is mostly followed in the poly hosuses under protected
cultivation but if you have more money which you don’t
want to spend on poly house but want to spend on lights
then we can do it in open filed cultivation also as anything is
possible if we have more capital
Darkening:Cover black polythene (150 gauge) for 4-5 pm to 7
am in the morning
This induces short days and ensures flower initiations

26. Light and photo period
management in
chrysanthemum for
controlling vegetative and
reproductive growth

27. CULTURAL PRACTICES
1.Pinching based on intensity it’s of 3 types
Soft pinching
Hard pinching
Roll out pinching
2. De suckering to remove extra suckers
3.Staking
4.Disbudding
5.Deshooting

28. STAKING

29. PINCHING

30. DISBUDDING

31. DE-SHOOTING

32. Things to remember
OFF SEASON BLOOMING CULTIVARS – April to June – Himanshu , Jwala , Jyothi .
June to August – Phuhar.
September to October – Ajay , Sharda.
November to December – Makhmal , Megami , suneel ,Vasanth.
February to March – Maghi .

33. VARITIES
IIHRVarieties – Arka swarna , Kirthi , Indira ,Yellow star , Usha kiran ,Arka ganga , Ravikiran ,
Arka pinstar , Red stone , Rakhee , Chandrakant , Pankaj ,Yellow gold , Chandrika .
PAU Ludhiana – Baggi , Birbal sahni , Punjab gold .
TNAU – Co1 and Co2 ( purple colored ) , MDU1 (Sulphur yellow colour )
NBRI Lucknow – Kargil 99 , Appu , Bindiya , Sadbavana , Mother terasa, Apsara , Apoorva .
Latest released varities – Pukhraj and Shekhar ( induced mutants )
IARI varieties – Pusa anmol , Pusa ajay , Pusa centenary , Kesari , Rosa guldasta .

34. Harvesting and yield
Main crop : 9 -10 t/ha
Ratoon crop : 4-5 t/ha
Harvesting generally carried out mainly manually
After Harvesting the flowers can be transported by packing in special
perforated cardboard boxes

35. DISEASES OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
1. Leaf Spot :

36. Powdery Mildew

37. Grey Mould

38. Thank you for
your patience
you have been a
wonderful
audience

39. QUESTIONS EXPECTED
Explain light regulations in chrysanthemum
Explain role of temperature in chrysanthemum
production
Potential chrysanthemum species for insecticide
extraction
Cultural operations in chrysanthemum