1. UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE
SCIENCES , BAGALKOT
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
MUNIRABAD
Course - Commercial Floriculture ( FLA- 201 )
Submitted to - Srinivas sir
2. TOPIC -
CHRYSANTHEMUM
Presented By –
Anupriya Patil – UHS20UG5403
Basavashree – UHS20UG5408
Bhagyashree – UHS20UG5409
Rakshitha Y R – UHS20UG5436
3. CONTENTS -
• Introduction
• Importance and uses
• Classification
• Propagation
• Cultivation
• Irrigation
• Intercultural operations
• Environmental factors
• Harvest and yield
• Pest and diseases
• Post harvest technologies
• Off season blooming cultivars
• VARITIES
4. INTRODUCTION -
• Chrysanthemum also called as QUEEN OF EAST
/GLORY OF EAST / AUTUMN QUEEN /GULDAUDI
• National flower of JAPAN
• Symbolizes ROYALTY
• Chrysos – GOLDEN
• Anthos – FLOWER
• SHORT DAY PLANT
• Origin – EUROPE and ASIA
• Family – Composittae / Asteraceae
• Scientific name – Dendranthema grandiflora
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat
5. • C . carinatum – Tricolour chrysanthemum
• C . coronarium – Garland chrysanthemum
• C . cinerariifolium – Dalmatian pyrethrum
• C . morifolium – essential oil and
sesquiterpinoid alcohol .
• C. maximum – Shasta daisy , perennial found in
Japan .
6. IMPORTANCE AND USES -
• Short day plant – PHOTOSENSITIVE ( 10hrs
day light )
• C . cineraiifolium and C. coccineum are
sources of pyrethrum and an important
insecticide .
• Cut flower, pot flower , loose flower , long stem
flowers , commercial flowers , popular exhibition
flowers .
• Erect and tall growing cultivars are suitable for
background planting borders or for cut flowers .
7. CLASSIFICATION -
• Class 1 – Regular incurve , ray florets narrow broad
, bloom size 10 – 15cm . Eg – snowball
• Class 2 – Irregular incurve , narrow broad smooth
ray florets , bloom size 15- 20cm . Eg –
mountaineer
• Class 3 – Skirted incurve , lower florets , bloom size
15- 20 cm . Eg – dream castle
• Class 4 – Incurving , ray florets incurved upwards
in indefinite manner . Eg- leading lady
• Class 5 – Reflex , inner florets remain incurved . Eg
– rose day , star of India , hope .
• Class 6 – Intermediate , ray florets partially
incurved , bloom size -15cm or globular. Eg – T-1
8. • Class 7 - Quilled , ray florets tubular , elongated
tips open or closed . Eg – green sensation .
• Class8 – Ball , ray florets straight , densely packed .
Eg – W – 23, nigeria .
• Class 9 – Spider , ray florets large tubular , rays
either fall or spread . Eg – Geethanjali .
• Class 10 – Spoon , blooms have visible disc . Eg
– carnation .
• Class 11 – Anemone , ray florets quilled disc .
Eg – cloud bank .
• Class 12 – Single , ray florets long elongated and
strap like . Eg – surja .
• Class 13 – Semi double , whorl of florets >5
Eg – Ronald .
9. PROPAGATION -
• Vegetatively through suckers, cuttings and
micro propagation . Terminal stem cuttings –
5 to 7cm
treated with IBA 2500 ppm .
Seeds have heterogeneity and self
incompatibility for pollination .
10. CULTIVATION -
• Soil – sandy loamy soil with ph-6.2 to 6.7 ,
sensitive to water logging .
• Climate – requires short days for bud initiation
and development and long days for vegetative
growth .
• Planting – May to June ideal .
• Flowering - Oct to November ( South India)
June second week ( North India )
• Temperature – 20-28 degree celsius for day and
15 to 20 degree celsius for night .
11. Classification based on temperature –
• Thermo positive cultivars – require atleast
16 degree celsius temperature for flowering and
at 27 degree celsius rapid flowering occurs .
• Thermo negative cultivars – requires 10 to
27 degree celsius for bud initiation but high
temperature delays bud formation .
• Thermo zero cultivars – flowers between 10
to 20 degree celsius most constantly at 15.6
degree celsius .
12. • Land preparation – field ploughed 2 to 3 times
before preparing beds .
• Basal dose – FYM 5 Kg / m2 , organic manure
• Manures and fertilizers - 50:160:80 as basal
dose apply nitrogen in the form of CAN as urea
causes phytotoxicity a 30:10:15 gm / m2 at
monthly interval .
• Spacing – green house 40 to 54 pits/m2 ,
30×20, 20×20, 30×30 .
13. IRRIGATION -
• Irrigated twice a week in summer with good
drainage .
• Chrysanthemum roots are very sensitive to
water logging but tolerate water stress
appreciable .
• Include overhead mist spray lines .
• Sprinkler and self travelling sprayers .
14. INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS -
• Pinching – stopping ,done to induce branching
by increasing number of flowers in stem .
• Types of Pinching
1. Soft pinching –reduce plant size by
removing tips of branches shoots .
2. Roll out pinching - done to produce
maximum no. of flowers /stem .Eg – short
plants
3. Hard pinching – done in pot plants . Larger
portion of the plant removed to krrp plant
contact .
15. • Disbudding – removal of undesirable or
unwanted branches .
QXANTHIN is used for disbudding in
chrysnthemum.
• Desuckering – prevent an improper & vigrous
growth of the plant suckers are removed from
time to time.
• De-shooting – practised to reduce no. of
branches for improving size and form of flower .
• Staking – provides support to the stem by using
bamboos .
16. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS -
• Light – photosensitive short day plant
• Relative humidity – requires moderate humid
condition of 70 to 90%
• Temperature – high temp ( floral distortion)
low temp ( discoloration of flower).
17. HARVEST AND YIELD -
• In standards harvesting done when outer ray
florets ceases to further development .
• Spray mums harvested @ 2/3 to ¾ ths open
stage .
• YIELD – Main crop : 9 -10 t/ha
Ratoon crop : 4-5 t/ha
Sprays : 100000 stems obtained from 1ha.
19. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY-
• Grading – standard (blue ,red ,green ,yellow )
spray (gold , silver ,bronze )
• Packing – packed in display boxes measuring
91 ×43×15cm
• Storage – stored for 3 to 6 weeks period @ 0 to 3
degree celsius .
20. OFF SEASON BLOOMING
CULTIVARS -
• April to June – Himanshu , Jwala , Jyothi .
• June to August – Phuhar.
• September to October – Ajay , Sharda.
• November to December – Makhmal ,
Megami , suneel , Vasanth.
• February to March – Maghi .
