Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontitis. It is characterized by a slowly progressing inflammation caused by bacterial plaque. Key features include gingival bleeding, pocket formation, attachment loss, and bone loss. Risk factors that can modify the host response include diabetes, smoking, local factors like calculus that retain plaque, and genetic susceptibility. Chronic periodontitis is usually diagnosed in adults based on clinical signs of bone and attachment loss.
Smoking and periodontal disease, smoking as a risk factor, incidence of smoking, effects of smoking on periodontium, smoking and gingivitis and smoking and periodontitis, effect of surgical and non surgical therapy on smokers
BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFLAMMATION-STAGES OF INFLAMMATION-ALL ABOUT GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION-CLINICAL FEATURES AND STAGES OF GINGIVITIS-HOW TO MANAGE-ALL IN ONE-FOR B.D.S LEVEL PROJECTS AND SEMINARS
Smoking and periodontal disease, smoking as a risk factor, incidence of smoking, effects of smoking on periodontium, smoking and gingivitis and smoking and periodontitis, effect of surgical and non surgical therapy on smokers
BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFLAMMATION-STAGES OF INFLAMMATION-ALL ABOUT GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION-CLINICAL FEATURES AND STAGES OF GINGIVITIS-HOW TO MANAGE-ALL IN ONE-FOR B.D.S LEVEL PROJECTS AND SEMINARS
Periodontitis is a complex infection initiated by bacteria –tissue destruction.
Host: the organism from which a parasite obtains its nourishment/ an individual who receives a graft
Modulation: the alteration of function or status of something in response to a stimulus or an altered physical or chemical environment
Dentists play an important role in the diagnosis and management of desquamative gingivitis. The importance of being able to recognise and properly diagnose this condition is accentuated by the fact that a serious and life threatening disease may initially manifest as desquamative gingivitis.
Radiographic interpretation of periodontal diseases /prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Periodontitis is a complex infection initiated by bacteria –tissue destruction.
Host: the organism from which a parasite obtains its nourishment/ an individual who receives a graft
Modulation: the alteration of function or status of something in response to a stimulus or an altered physical or chemical environment
Dentists play an important role in the diagnosis and management of desquamative gingivitis. The importance of being able to recognise and properly diagnose this condition is accentuated by the fact that a serious and life threatening disease may initially manifest as desquamative gingivitis.
Radiographic interpretation of periodontal diseases /prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone loss. It is no more a separate entity, as earlier it had Aggressive periodontitis as a differential diagnosis. According to the New Classification from the 2017 World Workshop on Periodontal and Peri- Implant Disease and Conditions, it is now classified further into stages and grades under Periodontitis.
Periodontitis is a chronic, slowly progressing disease which mainly results in the destruction of tooth supporting apparatus. Earlier it was classified as Chronic and Aggressive periodontitis with different clinical features and etiology. Current classification ( 2017) of periodontal disease involves periodontitis with is further divided into 4 stages and 3 grades depending on severity and rate of disease progression respectively. Diabetes meelitus and smoking are the validated risk factors for the progression of periodontitis.
Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease resulting in inflammation with in supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss and bone loss. With all emerging technologies, a successful diagnosis and treatment will only be achieved through open sharing of ideas, research findings and thorough testing .
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
4. Although not all patients with gingivitis develop periodontitis, it is known that all
patients with periodontitis experienced prior gingivitis.
5. • Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of periodontitis, and
it generally demonstrates the characteristics of a slowly progressing
inflammatory disease.
• Systemic and environmental factors (diabetes mellitus, smoking) may
modify the host’s immune response to the dental biofilm so that
periodontal destruction becomes more progressive.
• Although chronic periodontitis is most frequently observed in adults,
it can occur in children and adolescents in response to chronic plaque
and calculus accumulation.
6. Major clinical and etiologic characteristics of the disease:
(1) microbial biofilm formation (dental plaque);
(2) periodontal inflammation (gingival swelling, bleeding on probing)
(3) attachment as well as alveolar bone loss.
7. Clinical Features
Characteristic clinical findings in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis:
• Supragingival and subgingival plaque and calculus
• Gingival swelling, redness, and loss of gingival stippling
• Altered gingival margins (rolled, flattened, cratered papillae, recessions)
• Pocket formation
• Bleeding on probing
• Attachment loss (angular or horizontally)
• Bone loss
• Root furcation involvement
• Increased tooth mobility
• Change in tooth position
• Tooth loss
8. • The distinction between aggressive and chronic periodontitis is
sometimes difficult, because the clinical features may be similar at
the time of the first examination.
• At later time points during treatment, aggressive and chronic
periodontitis may be differentiated by
1) The rate of disease progression over time,
2) The familial nature of aggressive disease,
3) The disease’s resistance to periodontal anti-infective therapy,
4) The presence of local factors.
9. Disease Distribution
The number of teeth with clinical attachment loss classifies chronic
periodontitis into the following types:
Localized chronic periodontitis: less than 30% of the sites show
attachment and bone loss
Generalized chronic periodontitis: 30% or more of the sites show
attachment and bone loss
10. Disease Severity
Mild chronic periodontitis: when no more than 1 mm to 2 mm of clinical
attachment loss has occurred
Moderate chronic periodontitis: when 3 mm to 4 mm of clinical attachment
loss has occurred
Severe periodontitis: when 5 mm or more of clinical attachment loss has
occurred
With increasing age, attachment loss and bone loss become more prevalent
and more severe as a result of an accumulation of destruction.
17. Symptoms
• Chronic periodontitis is commonly a slowly progressive disease that
does not cause the affected individual to feel pain. Therefore, most
patients are unaware that they have developed a chronic disease.
• For the majority of the patients, gingival bleeding during oral hygiene
procedures or eating may be the first self-reported sign of disease
occurrence.
• As a result of gingival recession, patients may notice black triangles
between the teeth or tooth sensibility in response to temperature
changes
18. • In those individuals with advanced disease progression, areas of
localized dull pain or pain sensations that radiate to other areas of the
mouth or head may occur.
• The presence of areas of food impaction may add to the patient’s
discomfort.
• Gingival tenderness or “itchiness” may also be found.
19. Disease Progression
• Patients appear to have the same susceptibility to plaque-induced
chronic periodontitis throughout their lives.
• The rate of disease progression is usually slow, but it may be modified
by systemic, environmental, and behavioral factors.
• The onset of chronic periodontitis can occur at any time, and the first
signs may be detected during adolescence in the presence of chronic
plaque and calculus accumulation.
• Because of its slow rate of progression, however, chronic periodontitis
usually becomes clinically significant when a patient reaches his or
her mid-30s or later.
20. • Chronic periodontitis does not progress at an equal rate in all affected
sites throughout the mouth.
• More rapidly progressive lesions occur most frequently in
interproximal areas, and they may also be associated with areas of
greater plaque accumulation and inaccessibility to plaque control
measures.
• Patients with poorly adjusted diabetes mellitus show a significantly
higher risk of developing a severe progression of chronic periodontitis
• Chronic periodontitis increases in prevalence and severity with age,
and it generally affects both genders equally.
21. • Models that have been proposed to describe the rate of disease
progression:
• The continuous model
• The random or episodic-burst model
• The asynchronous, multiple-burst model
22. Risk Factors for Disease
• Microbiological Aspects
• Local Factors
• Systemic Factors
• Immunologic Factors
• Genetic Factors (50%)
• Environmental and Behavioral Factors
23. Microbiological Aspects
• Attachment and bone loss are associated with an increase in the
proportion of gram-negative organisms in the subgingival biofilm, with
specific increases in organisms that are known to be exceptionally
pathogenic and virulent.
• Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola
RED COMPLEX
• chronic periodontitis is the result of a multispecies infection with a number
of different bacteria that influence the pro-inflammatory immune response
of the host.
24. Local Factors
• Plaque accumulation and biofilm development are the primary causes
of periodontal inflammation and destruction.
• factors that facilitate plaque accumulation or that prevent plaque
removal by oral hygiene procedures can be detrimental to the
patient.
• Plaque-retentive factors are important for the development and
progression of chronic periodontitis, because they retain
microorganisms in proximity to the periodontal tissues, thereby
providing an ecologic niche for biofilm maturation.
25. • Calculus is considered the most important plaque-retentive factor as a
result of its ability to retain and harbor plaque bacteria on its rough
surface.
• As a consequence, calculus removal is essential for the maintenance of a
healthy periodontium.
• Tooth morphology
• Subgingival and overhanging margins of restoration
• Carious lesions extend subgingivally,
• furcations exposed by loss of bone
26. Systemic Factors
• Systemic disorders: Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos
syndrome, Kindlers syndrome
• Impaired host immune response: human immunodeficiency virus,
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
• osteoporosis, a severely unbalanced diet, and stress as well as
dermatologic, hematologic, and neoplastic factors
• diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, stroke, and lung disorders
27. • For diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, it is known that there is an
interaction during which both diseases mutually correlate with each
other.
• Patients with poor glycemic control (a glycated hemoglobin level of
>9%) tend to experience a more severe progression of periodontitis
as compared with patients with good glycemic control.
• No difference was found between patients with good glycemic control
and non-diabetic patients.
• Periodontal therapy may contribute to the glycemic control of the
diabetic patient. It has been shown that systematic periodontal
therapy leads a 0.4% reduction of glycated hemoglobin.
28. Immunologic Factors
• Chronic periodontitis is a disease that is induced by bacteria
organized in the dental biofilm. However, the onset, progression, and
severity of the disease depend on the individual host’s immune
response
• Patients may show alterations in their peripherial monocytes, which
are related to the reduced reactivity of lymphocytes or an enhanced
B-cell response.
• Reduced neutrophil counts influence the degree of periodontal
inflammation
29. Environmental and Behavioral Factors
• Smoking is a major risk factor for the development and progression of
generalized chronic periodontitis.
• The intake of more than 10 cigarettes per day increases the risk of
disease progression as compared with non-smokers and former
smokers.
30. • As compared with non-smokers, the following features are found in
smokers:
• Increased periodontal pocket depth of more than 3 mm
• Increased attachment loss
• More recessions
• Increased loss of alveolar bone
• Increased tooth loss
• Fewer signs of gingivitis (less bleeding with probing)
• Greater incidence of furcation involvement
31. • Psychological factors (stress, depression) also negatively influence the
progression of chronic periodontitis.
• In addition, stress as an etiologic factor was even more strongly
associated with periodontitis when patients were smokers as
compared with non-smokers.