This video is about Chromatography and its types and a little brief about it, which is presented by Tuba Nafees she is MSc graduate in Biotechnology from University of Karachi, Sindh Pakistan.
video link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88w4bJ1urM4
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate
• Chromatography is a method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of these is called a stationary phase and the other is a mobile phase which moves on stationary phase in a definite direction
Chromatography : A seperation techniqueSHIVANEE VYAS
Chromatography is a method of seperating mixture of components into individual components through equlibrium distribution between two phases.
Each chromatographic method essentially consists of 2 phases a staionary phase and a mobile phase.
Stationary phase : solid or liquid
Mobile phase : liquid or gas
HPLC- introduction, principle, types, working, instrumentation and operations of HPLC has been included with appropriate gifs and images for better understanding. What are all the things need to be known by a science student about HPLC (basics and working) is clearly given in this presentation.
• Chromatography is a method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of these is called a stationary phase and the other is a mobile phase which moves on stationary phase in a definite direction
Chromatography : A seperation techniqueSHIVANEE VYAS
Chromatography is a method of seperating mixture of components into individual components through equlibrium distribution between two phases.
Each chromatographic method essentially consists of 2 phases a staionary phase and a mobile phase.
Stationary phase : solid or liquid
Mobile phase : liquid or gas
HPLC- introduction, principle, types, working, instrumentation and operations of HPLC has been included with appropriate gifs and images for better understanding. What are all the things need to be known by a science student about HPLC (basics and working) is clearly given in this presentation.
Principles of chromatography
Chromatography’ is an analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly analyzed. There are many types of chromatography e.g., liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, but all of these employ the same basic principles.
Chromatography is a separation technique that every organic chemist and biochemist is familiar with. I, myself, being an organic chemist, have routinely carried out chromatographic separations of a variety of mixture of compounds in the lab. In fact, I was leafing through my research slides and came across a pictorial representation of an actual chromatographic separation that I had carried out in the lab
The slides covers brief description of ion exclusion chromatography. i hope the slides will be helpful
for any further details you can contact me through email.
mail id - sobhigaba@gmail.com
Introduction
Invention of Chromatography
Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Liquid Chromatography (LC)
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Ion Chromatography
Gas Chromatography (GC)
Applications of chromatography
Conclusion
Ion exchange chromatography may be defined as a reversible reaction in which free mobile ions of a solids called ion exchange are exchanged for different ions of similar charge present in solution.....................................................................
Ion pair chromatography for pharmacy studentsabhishek rai
Ion-PairChromatography
A GENERALISED OVERVIEW
Chromatography
HPLC
Reverse Phase Chromatography
Ion Pair Chromatography
Ion Pair Reagent
Mechanism of Ion Pair Chromatography
Ion Pair Wash Procedure
Introduction to chromatography, Definition of Chromatography, Types of column chromatography, Theory of chromatography, Practical considerations in column chromatography , Factors affecting efficiency of a column, Applications.
Principles of Ion -exchange chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , chromatography generally stands for a technique which separates mixtures based on different dynamic sharing of their components between two distinct physio-chemical environments called mobile and stationary phase by repeated absorption/desorption steps. Ion chromatography (IC) is a member of large family of liquid phase
chromatographic methods (that is a mobile phase is a liquid and a stationary phase is a
solid).
Sustainable Practices in Event ManagementSindhBiotech
The following presentation is presented by our intern, Lucky Qindeel Panhwar, from Phase 1 of the ongoing SBA Internship Program.
In the era of acute pollution and threatening social and environmental conditions, the utmost importance must be given to finding and applying 'green solutions'. Because such a basis will provide both ecological and economic sustainability while ensuring good social practices.
The important is that "Sustainable practices must be in action, not just in the mind".
Launching an event successfully hinges on thoughtful planning and execution. The
Implementation of strategies that prioritize eco-friendly catering, sustainable venues, and environmentally conscious promotions, is key to effective Sustainable Event Management.
For Youtube: https://youtu.be/ybPsyld3wlM?si=h9NM3PQfoyoWZKJQ
#GreenMarketing #SustainableEventsforSustainableSociety #EcoFriendlyApproaches #GreenCatering
#KarachiGreenMarathon
Potentials of Microfluids in Life Sciences: A Lab on a ChipSindhBiotech
Today marks the death anniversary of Mr. Werner Jacobi, the pioneering figure in microfluidics. While his initial focus was on microelectronics and semiconductor technology, he carved out a distinct path for microfluidics, diverging from his previous pursuits. His visionary approach continues to shape the trajectory of microfluidics research and its diverse applications in science and technology.
This lecture is presented by our team member and volunteer, Bushra Umer, from Volunteer Batch-V, 2023.
The lecture emphasizes the adoption of the "lab-on-a-chip" approach to ensure cost-effective and real-time experiments, underscoring the importance of developing such innovative techniques in today's modern arena.
For Video: https://youtu.be/ZF-c6k-F1RI
#wernerjacobi
#biotechnology
#technology
#lifesciences
#microfluidics
How Bio-inspired Plastic Outperforms Traditional Plastic: A Comparative AnalysisSindhBiotech
This presentation is brought to you by Bushra Umer, our team member and volunteer from Batch - V, 2023.
It highlights the significance of bioplastics, which outshine traditional plastics in sustainability and performance, paving the way for a cleaner, greener, and healthier planet.
Considering the ongoing environmental crisis, there is an urgent necessity to embrace such sustainable solutions to rescue Mother Earth from environmental calamities.
#Bioplastics #SustainableLiving #GreenRevolution #WorldEarthDay
Youtube Link: https://youtu.be/LFpYs_4N_1k
Common Genetic Disorders Prevailing in PakistanSindhBiotech
This Lecture is presented by our 2k23 volunteer and Content Presenter Zargull Sadein , she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Common Genetic Disorders Prevailing in Pakistan".
Youtube: https://youtu.be/16scqaB1yjk
The Revolutionary Progress of Artificial Inteligence (AI) in Health CareSindhBiotech
This Lecture is presented by our 2k23 volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "The Revolutionary Progress of Artificial Inteligence (AI) in Health Care".
Youtube: https://youtu.be/vhJRCj5ZgJc
Nanobots: Lecture on the Artificial BloodSindhBiotech
This Lecture is presented by our volunteer Laraib Elahi, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Nanobots: The Artificial Blood. "
For video: https://youtu.be/TsUgvOh6tOA
Decoding the Monkeypox Virus : From Discovery to PreventionSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Sajid Ali Shah, he is from Islamabad, Pakistan, and he is covering the topic Decoding the Monkeypox Virus : From Discovery to Prevention.
For video: https://youtu.be/-RT2UvTerBc
This Lecture is presented by our volunteer Abrar Hussain, he is from Karachi Pakistan, and he is covering The escence of research.
Youtube: https://youtu.be/CB0CY70K2go
The role of CRISPR CAS-9 in the treatment of HIVSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Sajid Ali Shah, he is from Islamabad, Pakistan, and he is covering The role of CRISPR CAS-9 in the treatment of HIV.
for video: https://youtu.be/c0gGdzKUACI
Developing Therapeutic Approaches For Emerging Viral DiseasesSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Zargul sadein, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Developing Therapeutic Approaches For Emerging Viral Diseases."
for video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcI89jpjbxc
unwinding the potentials of stem cellsSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Javeria Khan, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "unwinding the potentials of stem cells"
for video: https://youtu.be/GDC3RKwIACY
Designer babies : A Health Wonder Or an Ethical ErrorSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Laraib Elahi, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Designer babies : A Health Wonder Or an Ethical Error. "
For video: https://youtu.be/YGZQGL2QHuU
Personalized Medicines - Enhancers of Life's Quality and Their Future SindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Bushra Umer, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Personalized Medicines - Enhancers of Life's Quality and Their Future ".
For video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSrgJaBYuxg
Conceptual Understanding of Monoclonal Bodies Production via Hybirdoma Techno...SindhBiotech
This video is presented by our volunteer Mehwish Khan, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Monoclonal Bodies Production via Hybirdoma Technology"
for video: https://youtu.be/NilP7HIALvY
#Hybirdoma #antibody #monoclonalantibodies #biology #physiology #health #polyclonalantibody
Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in HealthSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health"
For video: https://youtu.be/W2hfl5_FaF8
Biosensors in Environmental MonitoringSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Bushra Umer, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring"
For video: https://youtu.be/DoO2Aw7bRrk
Regulation and Integration of MetabolismSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Regulation and Integration of Metabolism"
for video: https://youtu.be/D2k-_f28TQA
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...SindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Sajid Ali Shah, he is from Islamabad, Pakistan, and he is covering Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches
for video: https://youtu.be/whrkkKR-NSY
#denguevirus #virology #virologist #genomics #covid19 #virus #pathogen #pathology #immunology
Gene environment interaction and its impact upon on human healthSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Zargull Sadein, she is from Karachi Pakistan, and she is covering Gene environment interaction and its impact upon on human health.
for video: https://youtu.be/97F1tR9jj5k
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
2. CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography is a technique that separates
components of a mixture
• The Russian botanist Mikhail Tsvet coined the term
chromatography in 1906.
• Archer Martin and Richard Synge during the 1940s and
1950s, established the principles and basic techniques
of partition chromatography, and their work
encouraged the rapid development of several
chromatographic methods
2
3. CHROMATOGRAPHIC TERMS
Adsorbent:
A material which will allow
components of the mixture
to adhere to itself
The common adsorbents
used are alumina (Al2O3)and
silica gel (SiO2). Both are
polar.
Adsorption is the process of
molecules 'adhering' to one
another, without the making
of chemical bonds.
3
4. PRINCIPLE OF
CHROMATOGRAPHY
The mixture is dissolved
in the mobile phase,
which carries it through
a structure holding
another material called
the stationary phase.
Components of
sample most
strongly adsorbed
Components of
sample least
strongly adsorbed
Eluent
STATIONARY
PHASE
Original sample
placed here
4
5. Affinity ------ Adsorption & Solubility
High adsorption-------- slow movement through a column
High solubility----------- Faster movement through a column
Polarity of the compounds dictate their affinities towards Stationary & mobile
phase.
5
6. TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC
BED SHAPE
Planar
e.g. TLC
& PAPER
Column
Mobile
Phase
Liquid
HPLC,
FPLC.
Gas
Supercritical
Fluid
Separation Mechanism
Ion exchange
Size exclusion /
Gel permeation/
GEL Filtration
Adsorption
Chromatography
Partition
Chromatography
Affinity Chromatography
Stationary
Phase
Normal
Phase
Reverse
Phase
6
9. PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Based on the partitioning of compounds
between a liquid stationary phase and a
liquid mobile phase. The liquid stationary
phase can be held on any solid support.
Based on solute partition between
two liquids
9
10. Based on the exchange of charged components of the
mixture with charges on stationary phase
• Allows separation of charged/ ions/ polar molecules
• Cation exchange= Column retains cation
• Anion exchange= Column retains anion
A change in pH affects the charge on the particular
molecules and therefore alter binding
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
10
12. List of ion exchangers used in IE Chromatography
S. No ION EXCHANGERS Functional group
1
DEAE Cellulose (Anion
exchanger)
DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl)
2
QAE Sephadex (Anion
exchanger)
QAE (Quaternary
aminoethyl)
3
Q Sepharose (Anion
exchanger)
Q (Quaternary ammonium)
4
CM- Cellulose (Cation
exchanger)
CM (Carboxymethyl)
5
SP Sepharose (Cation
exchanger)
SP (Sulfopropyl)
6
SOURCE S (Cation
exchanger)
S (Methyl sulfate)
12
13. Affinity chromatography is a method of separating
biochemical mixture based on a highly specific
interaction between target molecule and ligand
attached to stationary phase.
AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY
13
14. GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY
The smaller analytes can
enter the pores more easily
and therefore are eluted last
Conversely, larger analytes
lesser time in the pores and
are eluted quickly.
The size of the pores for the
packing should be chosen
according to the range of
molecular weight of analytes
to be separated.
Separation of molecules on the basis of their size and shape
14