Downloaded 85 times
Uploaded byDr. Tanuja Nautiyal
Environmental Chemistry ppt
This document discusses air pollution, including its definition, causes, effects, and methods of control. It defines air pollution as the excessive discharge of undesirable foreign substances into the air that adversely affect air quality and harm human, plant, and animal life. It identifies various air pollutants and classifies them as either primary or secondary pollutants. Sources of air pollution include both natural sources like volcanoes and fires as well as man-made sources such as industry, vehicles, and deforestation. The document outlines the negative effects of air pollution on health, animals, plants, materials, and the climate. It concludes with discussing various methods to control air pollution, such as using filters, precipitators, and planting more
More Related Content
Similar to Environmental Chemistry ppt
More from Dr. Tanuja Nautiyal
Environmental Chemistry ppt
- 1. AIR POLLUTION Excessive dischargeof undesirable foreign substances into the atmospheric air thereby adversely affecting the quality of air and causing damage to human, plants and animal lives. Presentation submitted by: Gagan Arora Project Guide: Dr. Tanuja Nautiyal
- 2. Air Pollutants • Particulates– Dust, Smoke, Fly Ash • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Ammonia (NH3) • Sulphur dioxide (SO2) • Nitrogen Oxides (NxOy) • Hydrogen Cyanide • Hydrogen Sulphide • Hydrogen fluoride • Chlorine • Phosgene • Asbestos • Aldehydes • Radiations • Hydrocarbons
- 3. Classification of AirPollutants Primary Air Pollutants • The poisonous gases and undesirable chemicals which cause air pollution. • Carbon particles from unburned fuel, Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Hydrocarbons, Oxides of nitrogen, Oxides of carbon, Lead. Secondary Air Pollutants • Derived from Primary Air Pollutants • In bright sunlight nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, oxygen and hydrocarbons – photochemical reaction – powerful oxidants – Ozone, Aldehydes, Sulphuric acid, Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN), Peroxides, etc. • They form photochemical Smog
- 4. Sources of AirPollution Natural • Natural contaminants (fungi, spores, cysts, bacteria, methane, dust, etc.) • Carbon monoxide from Methane Gas • Volcanic Eruptions • Forest fires • Electric storms and Solar flares • Salt spray from oceans • Dust storms Man Made • Rapid industrialization • Automobile Revolution • Deforestation
- 5. Classification of Pollutants Gases •Oxides of Sulphur • Oxides of Nitrogen • Oxides of Carbon • Carbon dioxide • Ozone • Hydrogen Sulphide • Chlorofluoro Carbons • Hydrogen fluoride • Hydrocarbons • Photochemical oxidants • Aerosols Particulates • Dust • Smoke • Fog • Smog – London Smog – Los Angels Smog • Fly Ash • Soot • Fumes • Natural Particulates
- 6. Effect of AirPollution • On Human Health – Irritate respiratory tract – Irritate eyes, nose and throat – Lead particles cause Lead Poisoning – Cadmium particles – Cardio vascular disease, Kidney and Liver damage – Nickel particles – respiratory damage – Mercury – Central nervous system, kidney and brain – Radioactive substances affect future generations
- 7. Effect of AirPollution Contd... • On Animals – Feeding particulate coated plants (fluorine, lead, arsenic) – Arsenic Poisoning – Lead Poisoning – Bronchitis, Lack of appetite in pet animals
- 8. Effect of AirPollution Contd... • On Plants – Spraying Pesticides, Organic manure and agricultural applications – affect growth of plants – Destroy chlorophyll formation – disturb photosynthesis – SO2 – decreases chlorophyll content – causes Chlorosis – NO2 – permanent leaf fall – Ozone – Necrosis - dead area on leaf – damages the leaves
- 9. Effect of AirPollution Contd... • On Materials – Corrosion – Abrasion – Deposition – Chemical attack on surface Acid Rain
- 10. Effect of AirPollution Contd... • On Climate – Increase in CO2 – increase temperature of atmosphere – ice and polar glaciers melt – flooding of coastal towns – change rainfall pattern – agricultural output changes – Depletion of Ozone layer – increase penetration of harmful UV rays on earth – skin diseases, sunburns, inactivation of RNA, DNA and protein molecules
- 11. Control of AirPollution • Planting more trees • Reducing vehicle exhausts • Using less polluting fuels • Using mass transport • Removal of particulate matter using electrostatic precipitator, cyclone filter, etc. • Industrial area should be cited far away from residential area. • Suitable chemical methods applied to remove hydrocarbons • Multi stage combustion process – suggested to remove oxides of nitrogen
- 12. Control of AirPollution Contd... • Activated carbon, charcoal, commercial zeolite and pulvarized lime stones can be used to remove polluting gases by absorption methods • Use of tall chimneys reduces – concentration of air pollutants at ground level
- 13.
- 14.
- 15. Summary Definition Air Pollutants Classification Primary AirPollutants Secondary Air Pollutants Sources of air pollution Natural Man made Classification of Pollutants Gases Particulates Effects of Air Pollution On human health On Animals On Plants On Materials On Climate Control of Air Pollution Cyclone Collector Cottrell Electrostatic Precipitator