CBSE Biology investigatory project class 12 on population interaction/ class 12 project report / biology project /population project /environment project

1. BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
POPULATION INTERACTION
2016-17
PREPARED BY: Guided By:
MA.SIDDHESH KISHOR SAIGAONKAR MR.D.M. TAKALE (sir)
12TH SCIENCE (PGT-BIOLOGY)

2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled by Ma.Siddhesh
Kishor Saigaonkar is record of work by the candidate
during academic year 2016-17 as a part of practical work
prescribed by CBSE for class XIIth
(science).
This is also to certify that the project presented is
the independent work of candidate
BOARD ROLL NO.:
DATE:
Mr.D.M.TAKALE MR. P.K. NARAYANAN
PGT-BIOLOGY PRINCIPAL
(JNV,RAIGAD)
EXTERNAL EXAMINOR

3. Acknowledgement
I express my deep and heartfelt sense of gratitude towards my
guide Mr.D. M. Takle and Mr.Vivek Patil for providing timely
help and suggestions in carrying out this project
I express my deep and heartfelt sense of gratitude towards my
respected principal Mr.P.K.Narayanan.
I also express my sincerest thanks to all staff members of my
school, JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA,NIZAMPUR,RAIGAD
for providing me essential help every time.
At last I thank all my friends who have rendered their willing
cooperation and service in a variety of way to bring out this
project
Ma. Siddhesh Kishor Saigaonkar
XIIth
Science

4. INDEX
ØIntroduction
ØImportant interaction between two species
ØPopulation interaction influence abundance
· Mutualism
· Competation
· Predation
· Parastism
· Commensalism
· Amenalism(allopathy)
· Symbiosis
Ø OBSERVATION OF SOME INTERACTIONS IN OUR LOCALITIES
Ø Referance

5. Introduction
POPULATION INTERACTION
Biological interactions are the effects that the organisms in a
community have on one another. In the natural world no organism
exists in absolute isolation, and thus every organism must interact with
the environment and other organisms. An organism's interactions with
its environment are fundamental to the survival of that organism and
the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.
In Ecology, biological interactions can involve individuals of the same
species (intraspecific interactions) or individuals of different species
(interspecific interactions). These can be further classified by either the
mechanism of the interaction or the strength, duration and direction of
their effects. Species may interact once in a generation (e.g.
pollination) or live completely within another (e.g. endosymbiosis).
Effects range from consumption of another individual (predation,
herbivory, or cannibalism), to mutual benefit (mutualism). Interactions
need not be direct; individuals may affect each other indirectly through
intermediaries such as shared resources or common enemies.

14. The term symbiosis (Greek: living together) can be used to describe
various degrees of close relationship between organisms of different
species. Sometimes it is used only for cases where both organisms
benefit; sometimes it is used more generally to describe all varieties of
relatively tight relationships, i.e. even parasitism, but not predation.
Some even go so far as to use it to describe predation. It can be used to
describe relationships where one organism lives on or in another, or it
can be used to describe cases where organisms are related by mutual
stereotypic behaviours .

15. OBSERVATION OF SOME INTERACTIONS IN OUR LOCALITIES
± The dog is a classic example of a domestic animal that likely traveled a commensal
pathway into domestication.
± Pollination in which nectar or pollen (food resources) are traded for pollen dispersal
(a service) or ant protection of aphids, where the aphids trade sugar-rich honeydew
(a by-product of their mode of feeding on plant sap) in return for defense against
predators such as ladybugs.
± Common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in their Ritteri sea anemone (Heteractis
magnifica) home. Both the fish and anemone benefit from this relationship, a case of
mutualistic symbiosis.
± Common Cuckoo chick ejects eggs of Reed Warbler out of the nest.It is type of
brood paracitism.
± agricultural varieties of maize provide food for humans and are unable to reproduce
without human intervention because the leafy sheath does not fall open, and the
seedhead does not shatter to scatter the seeds naturally.
± cheetahs and lions since both species feed on similar prey, they are negatively
impacted by the presence of the other because they will have less food, however
they still persist together.
REFERANCE
Ø NCERT TEXTBOOK CLASS 12TH
Ø BIOLOGY TODAY(mtg publication)
Ø BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE (Cambridge edition)