This document discusses air pollution, its sources, effects, and impact on plants and ecosystems. It defines air pollution and notes that it arises from industries, automobiles, and other sources that release gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere. Some key effects mentioned are impacts on weather, climate, and living organisms. Air pollution affects temperature patterns around cities and can influence global climate by reducing sunlight absorption. It can also form secondary pollutants like smog through chemical reactions involving other gases, and deplete the ozone layer.

1. ENVIRONMENT
POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
NAME: PATEL HARSHNA
M.
PAPER:CBO-405
(BOTANY)
SEM-2
DEPARTMENT OF LIFE
SCIENCES,H.N.G.U,PATA

2. CONTENT
 Kinds
 Sources
 Effects of plants and ecosystem

3. INTRODUCTION
 Our plant is a vast ecosystem having
a number of small ecosystem.
 These smaller ecosystem in many
ways, are the plastic units, and man
has taken the advantage of this
plasticity to modify them to his own
benefit.
 These activities of man have resulted
into a phenomenon that is popularly
known as pollution.

4.  The pollution may be due to air, water,
soil contamination and noise and has
led to a variety of consequences.
 Pollution is generally classified on the
basis of the components of the
environment affected for instance, air
pollution, water pollution and soil
pollution.
 On the basis of their nature, classified
pollutants into following two kinds:
 1]Non biodegradable pollutants
 2]Biodegradable pollutants.

5. AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution is one of the most harmful
and common type of environmental
pollution known in most of the
industrial towns and metropolitan
cities.
 Air pollution arises due to the
combustion of natural gas, petroleum
product, coal, wood, and also due to
industries, automobiles, aircrafts,
railways, thermal plants etc.

6. Air is polluted by objects including
mainly gases that are lighter than air,
so that they get mixed in the
atmosphere.
These light objects originate from a
variety of sources including dust and
smoke, which constitute 10-15 per
cent of the atmospheric pollution.

7. KINDS AND SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
 INDUSTRIES
 A large number of factories, industries,
refineries and chemical plants are the
chief sources of air pollution.
 They regularly add to the atmosphere
carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide,
sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and a
number of hydrocarbons which are
injurious to the health of human
beings and animal.

8.  Various other substance like fluorides,
chlorine, lead and hydrocarbons are
also regularly released in the
atmosphere.
 Some of the air pollutants which,
directly or indirectly, cause air pollution
are due to the rapid industrialization
which adversely affect flora, fauna and
climate of an area.

9. AUTOMOBILES
 Automobiles are the biggest source of
pollution.
 Presence of carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
released through petrol and diesel burning
pose great problem.
 These gases are harmful to the life of plants
and animals.
 In the presence of ultraviolet radiations or
sunlight,these gases combine and form still
more harmful pollutants which sometimes
cause eye watering and damage to the
vegetation.

10. EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION
Effects on Weather, climate
and Atmosphere:-
 Air pollution not only affects adversely
the health of all living organisms living in
the atmosphere but also caues
contamination of the upper atmosphere
leading to alteration of weather and
climate.
 In fact, pollution and population
concentration influence local weather
patterns.

11.  “Heat islands’’ phenomenon is a good
example around metropolitan cities.
 It affect weather on a continental or
global basis.
 Several gaseous pollutants and fine
aersols reach the upper atmosphere,
when they basically influence the
penetration and absorption of sunlight.
 These pollutants reduce the amount of
sunlight energy reaching the earth’s
surface, thereby lowering solar
radiation at the earth’s surface and
producing a cooling effect on world
climate.

12. EFFECTS ON BIOTIC LIFE
 In the presence of sunlight, atomic
oxygen is released from
photochemical reduction of nitrogen
oxides, due to the burning of fossil
fuels and in power plants.
 It reacts with a number of reactive
hydrocarbons such as methane,
ethane, toluene etc., to give rise to
secondary pollutants like
formaldehyde, other aldehydes and
peroxyacetyl nitrate.

13.  All these substance collectively form
“photochemical smog”.
 Certain fluorocarbon compounds such
as chlorofiuoromethanes when
accumulate in greater amounts,
release chlorine atoms under the
influence of intense short wave
ultraviolet radiation.
 Each atom of chlorine chain then
reacts with more than 1,00,000
molecules of zone, converting ozone
to oxygen.

14. AIR POLLUTION

15. REFERENCE:
 Fundamentals of Environmental
Biology,
 Agrawal K C.