The health effects of hazardous chemicals are often less clear than the physical hazards. Data on the health effects of chemical exposure, especially from chronic exposure, are often incomplete. When discussing the health effects of chemicals, two terms are often used interchangeably - toxicity and hazard.

1. Chemical Safety
&
DOT Hazard classes

2. The Three Forms of Chemicals
All chemicals exists in one of three forms:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Types of Chemicals

3. Acids
Bases
Flammables & Combustibles
Oxidisers
Pyrophoric chemicals
Corrosive chemicals
Types of chemicals

4. Types of chemicals
 Acids :
• Any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating
a proton (hydrogen ion)
• Eg: Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid
Bases :
• A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from
an acid.
• Eg: Sodium hydroxide(NaoH), Ammonia(NH3)

5. Types of chemicals
Flammables :
• Capable of being easily ignited. These will ignite easily at
ambient temperatures
• Eg: IPA, MeOH, Ethanol
• Highly flammable : Chemicals with FP < 23 °c
• Extremely flammable : Chemicals with FP <0°c
Combustible :
• Something that combust in air. Its requires some effort for
material to ignite.
• Eg: Diesel, petrol, kerosene.

6. Oxidisers :
• Oxidizers are solids, liquids, or gases that react readily with
most organic material or reducing agents with no energy input.
These will increase the flammable range for chemicals.
• Oxidizers cause or contribute to the combustion of other
materials by providing oxygen to support the combustion
process.
Types of chemicals

7. Pyrophoric chemicals :
• These are the chemicals will ignite spontaneously in air at temperature
of 55°c
• Eg: Metallic elements(Na, K)
Corrosive chemicals : A material capable of damaging or
destroying other substances.
• Eg: Acids, Bases, Oxidisers
• This type of chemical is usually an irritant. corrosives can damage your body
by burning, scalding or inflaming body tissues.
Types of chemicals

8. Compressed gas Danger
Warning Environment hazard
GHS Pictograms

9. Organic Acid Base
 In Organic Acid Flammable, Org acid, base
 Flammable liquid Inorganic Acid, Base,
Oxidizer
 Oxidizing agent Flammable, Org acid
Training Module No.: TM-011
8
Chemical Incompatibility

10. CHEMICALS STORED INCOMPATIBLE

11. Hazards with incompatibles

12. Ways Chemicals Enter the Body
There Are Three Routes of Entry:
• Ingestion – swallowing the
chemical
• Inhalation – breathing in
the chemical
• Absorption – the chemical
soaks through the skin

13. Absorption
• Some chemicals can pass
through the skin and be
taken into the body’s
systems.
• Solvents and pesticides are
examples of compounds that
can be absorbed through the
skin.
How chemicals enter into body

14. Follow all Safety precautions
Read all Chemical labels
Read the Safety Data Sheets
Wear the proper Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Training Module No.: TM-011
11

15. Chemicals are all around us - in the food we
eat, the clothes we wear, in the products we
use everyday. Chemicals can help us live better
lives, but if we don't understand about the
chemicals we use, they can harm us.
. It's important to be informed and aware of
chemicals and chemical safety. The first and
most important step is to stop and read the
label!!!
Safe Chemical Handling

16. •Check labels prior to use for hazard warnings
•Treat unlabeled containers as dangerous
•Do not remove labels
•Look for NFPA labels:
–Blue is toxic
–Red is flammable
–Yellow is reactive
–Numbers 3 and 4 are
very hazardous
Training Module No.: TM-011
12
Labels

17. NFPA Diamond

18. DOT Hazard classes
Placards are used to identify the class or division of a
material. The hazard class or division number must be
displayed in the lower corner of a placard and is
required for both primary and subsidiary hazard classes
and divisions
DOT Hazardous Classes
Class 1 Explosives
Class 2 Gases
Class 3 Flammable Liquids
Class 4 Flammable Solids

20. Chemical handling
•No matter what type of chemicals you're using, you need to be aware
of the ways that chemicals may affect you. If you're not properly
protected, you may be exposed to chemical hazards. Here are the
ways in which chemicals can enter your body:
Ingestion
Inhalation What Measures ???
Absorption

21. Use MSDS to get information about:
Chemical name
Physical characteristics
Fire and explosion data
Dangerous properties
Precautions for safe handling
Reactivity data
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

22. Safety glasses, goggles and face shields
Gloves
Respirators and dust masks
Head protection
Foot protection
PVC Suit, Aprons or full body suits
Training Module No.: TM-011
18
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

23. Inhalation – move to fresh air
Eye or skin contact – flush with water for at least 15
minutes
Swallowed hazardous chemicals – seek immediate
medical assistance
If Chemical Exposure Occurs

24. If There is a spill or leak
Use spill kit for minor spills
 Cut off heat source if present nearby
Warn others
Turn off process, machines and evacuate
Stay upwind
Don’t attempt to rescue unless trained

25. Headaches, rashes and burns
Respiratory problems
Lung and liver damage
Reproductive damage
Cancer
Death
Hazardous Chemicals Can Cause

26. Basic Tips for Safe Handling Chemicals
1. Read the label.
It will tell you what you need to know about your chemical. If you find you
need more information, ask your supervisor for a copy of the material safety
data sheet. The MSDS gives more technical information about the chemical
than the label
2. Dress the part.
Wear the proper safety protection, clothing and PPE as required.
3. Follow directions.
If the label says, use only with adequate ventilation make sure you do so.
Never mix chemicals unless you've been trained and authorized by your company.
4. Know emergency procedures.
Be familiar with first aid procedures, and be sure to know where the
emergency eye wash showers are located; also know where emergency phone
numbers are posted.
5. Be careful!
Don't work alone, make sure there is someone there to help you if
necessary.
Don't try to hurry or take shortcuts, you just can't rush safety!

27. Basic Tips for Safe Handling Chemicals
6. Report any suspected problems.
If you notice any malfunctioning equipment or any electrical equipment
that is in need of repair, report it to your supervisor immediately. Also
report any suspected problems with your chemicals, if the chemical odor
has hanged or is unusual, don't use that chemical. It may have changed
with time. Report anything unusual to your supervisor.
7.Keep your work area neat, clean and organized.
You'll know where everything is, and you'll be able to work
more efficiently.
8. Store everything properly.
Make sure to close containers tightly. Keep flammables in a
safe area, and use only the smallest amount necessary for
the job. Store compressed gas in leak- free containers.

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