Chapter five of the document covers record storage and primary file organization in database systems. It discusses data types, memory hierarchies, storage devices, file organization, and operations on various types of files. Additionally, it elaborates on indexing strategies, including single-level and multi-level indexes, as well as dynamic indexing techniques using b-trees and b+-trees.

1. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
College of Informatics
Department of Computer Science
Fundamentals of Database Systems
Chapter Five : Record Storage and Primary File Organization
University of Gondar

2. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Introduction
Data Types

3. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Introduction
Data Types

4. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Introduction
Data Types

5. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Memory Hierarchies and Storage Devices
Data Types

6. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Storage Hierarchies
Data Types

7. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Storage Organization of Databases
Data Types

8. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
File organization
Data Types

9. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Secondary Storage Devices
Data Types

10. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Secondary Storage Devices
Data Types

11. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Single-Sided Disk and Disk Pack
Data Types
A. A single-sided disk with read/write hardware
B. A disk pack with read/write hardware

12. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Sectors on a Disk
Data Types
Different sector organizations on disk
A. Sectors subtending a fixed angle
B. Sectors maintaining a uniform recording density

13. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
MagneticTape Storage Devices
Data Types

14. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
MagneticTape Storage Devices
Data Types

15. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
StorageTypes and Characteristics
Data Types
Table :Types of Storage with Capacity, Access Time, Max Bandwidth (Transfer
Speed), and Commodity Cost.

16. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Making Data Access More Efficient on Disk
Data Types

17. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Placing File Records on Disk
Data Types

18. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Placing File Records on Disk
Data Types

19. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Record Blocking and SpannedVersus Un spanned Records

20. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Record Blocking and SpannedVersus Un spanned Records
Types of record organization (a) Un spanned (b)
Spanned

21. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Record Blocking and SpannedVersus Un spanned Records

22. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Operations on Files

23. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Operations on Files

24. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Files of Unordered Records(Heap Files)

25. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Files of Unordered Records(Heap Files)

26. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)

27. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)

28. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
AccessTimes forVarious File Organizations
Average access times for a file of b blocks under basic file organizations

29. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

30. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

31. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

32. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

33. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

34. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

35. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
HashingTechnique

36. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Index Structure for Files

37. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Indexes as Access Paths

38. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Indexes as Access Paths

39. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Indexes as Access Paths
FIGURE. Dense and sparse index.

40. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Types of Single-Level Indexes

41. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Primary index on the ordering key field

42. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Types of Single-Level Indexes

43. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
A Clustering Index Example
FIGURE
A clustering index on the
DEPTNUMBER ordering non-
key field of an EMPLOYEE file.

44. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Another A Clustering Index Example

45. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Types of Single-Level Indexes

46. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Example of a Dense Secondary Index

47. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
An Example of a Secondary Index

48. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Properties of INDEX Types

49. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Multi-Level Indexes

50. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
A Two-level Primary Index

51. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Multi-Level Indexes

52. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
A Node in a Search Tree with Pointers to Subtrees below It
FIGURE

53. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
A search tree of order p = 3.

54. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees

55. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees

56. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
Difference between B-tree and B+-tree

57. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
B-tree Structures

58. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
The Nodes of a B+-tree
FIGURE : The nodes of a B+-tree
(a) Internal node of a B+-tree with q –1
search values.
(b) Leaf node of a B+-tree with q – 1 search
values and q – 1
data pointers.

59. By Getnet T, Misganaw A, Agereselam D
End of Chapter Five
Thank You