This document provides a summary of the format and content for Test 2 in the ARTH 101 course on Geometric and Hellenistic art. The test will include 5 slides identifying artworks from these time periods with relevant facts about the artist, date, culture, and significance. It will also include 1-2 mystery slides requiring comparison to another work, as well as 5-10 vocabulary terms connected to works of art. Finally, there will be 3-5 short essay questions requiring students to discuss 4 or more related artworks in their responses. Examples of sample test questions are provided to demonstrate the expected format and level of analysis.

1. ARTH 101
TEST 2
Geometric– Hellenistic

2. Test Format
• 1) 5 slides
• Artist:
• Date:
• Culture:
• Significant Fact:
• 2) 1-2 mystery slide
• Compare to another piece and give reason to why it's similar to
that
• piece and it's time period/culture

3. Test Format, cont.
• 3) Vocab
• Could range from 5-10 vocabulary words. Remember to also connect the
word with a work of art/architecture learned in that unit, so should be about
2-3 sentences
• 4) Extra Credit
• Questions/fill-in-the-blanks from subjects talked about in class or in the
readings
• 5) Essay
• Could range from 3-5 questions, usually have to answer 2 in short essay
format. I always do an intro paragraph, 2 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. I
make sure to AT LEAST have 4 works to relate to when answering the prompt

4. EXAMPLE TEST FORMAT: Slides
Slide #1:
Nude female (Venus of Willendorf), ca
28,000-25,000 BCE, Paleolithic; In this work,
the artist shows no emphasis on face, but
does show very enlarged breasts and swollen
belly, which may have something to do with
pregnancy and fertility.

5. EXAMPLE TEST FORMAT: Mystery slide
Slide #1:
This work is comparable to the Nude
Female, also known as Venus of Willendorf, from ca
28,000-25,000 BCE of the Paleolithic period. It is
comparable due to it’s emphasis on the enlarged
breasts and belly, along with the triangular genital
area, indicating it is a female. It also does not
display a face which it shares in common with the
Nude Female.

6. EXAMPLE TEST FORMAT: Vocab
• Example:
• Convention:
• A convention is a specific way of depicting something by an
individual or a group that differs from optical reality. An
example of a convention could be the convention of the flying
gallop in Paleolithic art, seen in Lascaux’s Hall of Bulls from c
15,000-13,000 BCE of the Paleolithic period.

7. VOCAB
• Early Greek art: Mycenaean fell, Greece entered dark ages, but around 9th c BCE began to start
writing things down and producing art.
• Geometric Period 900-700 B.C.E.: great deal of sharp shapes (triangles, zig-zags, rectangles) ,
convention of small markers for gender, use of registers, fill up the space with figures and pattern
• Orientalizing Period 700-600 B.C.E.: reestablish contact with east
• Archaic Period 600-480 B.C.E.: conventions: archaic smile, idealizations in statues, nudity in
males
• Kouros, kouroi: statue of young man,
• kore, korai: statue of a young girl
• caryatid: statues of young women used as columns in the ionic order in the archaic period
• entasis: cigar shape of column; don’t go straight up, they take more of a curving form to seem
more swelling in the middle
• idealization: making something looking more perfect than they really are

9. Parts of a Greek Temple
• pediment (triangular part), frieze (horizontal part right under the
pediment), architrave (support blocks), capital (top of the column),
shaft (the column), stylobate (top step of a greek temple)
• Triglyph and metope friezes: only in Doric
• Cella: interior room of a greek temple used for housing the statue of
god
• Peristyle: columns going all the way around a plan in greek
architecture

11. Architectural orders
• Doric ~ plan/round capital, sits directly on top step
• Ionic ~ scroll capital, base at bottom of Column,
coninutes frieze
• Corinthian ~ variation of ionic with leaves

13. -Geometric krater from
Dipylon cemetery, Athens
-8th c. B.C.E.
-Geometric
-served as a grave marker
for an elite man

15. -Mantiklos Apollo
-c. 700-680 B.C.E.
-Geometric
-triangular shape body and head,
greatly seen in geometric art
-dedication to god Apollo with writing
stating it is a “gift for god” to either
thank god for doing a favor/to ask for
a favor

17. -Lady of Auxerre
-c. 650-625 B.C.E.
-Orientalizing Period
-had pattern on skirt indicating where
it would have been painted

19. -Kouros
-600 B.C.E.
-Archaic
- inspiration from Egyptians; position
of feet, hands to side, proportions,
obsession with the idealized male
body

21. -Kroisos
-c. 530 B.C.E.
-Archaic
-example as idealization in early greek
art, can see traces of paint

23. - Peplos kore
- c. 530 B.C.E.
- Archaic
- thought that it may be a goddess
due to her outfit
- archaic smile

25. -Temple of Hera I (“Basilica”)
-c. 550 B.C.E.
-plan & view
-Archaic
-9 columns in the front which then
caused them to put central columns
in the middle, blocking views of the
cella

27. - Temple of Artemis, Corfu
- c. 600-580 B.C.E.
- Archaic
- doric order due to its plain capitals
and triglyph and metope frieze,
depict medusa, a monster, on the
building in attempts to protect and
guard

29. -Siphnian Treasury, Delphi
-c. 530 B.C.E.
-Archaic
-used to keep precious offering left
for gods, use human bodies as the
columns

31. -Ergotimos (made the pot) and
Kleitias (painter)
-François vase
-ca. 570 B.C.E.
-Archaic
-shows that the artists were literate
and wanted to show who was
responsible for making the vases

33. -Exekias
-Achilles & Ajax playing a game
-c. 540 B.C.E.
-Archaic
-starting to understand more of the
human anatomy

35. -Andokides Painter
-bilingual vase
-ca. 525 B.C.E.
-Archaic
-reversed the pot panting order; red
figure style- paint the details with the
brush which makes lines more fluid

37. -Euthymides
-Revelers vase
-c. 510 B.C.E.
-Archaic
-depicts older men drinking, painted a
different perspective of movement of
the human body

38. VOCAB
• Early Classical 480-450 B.C.E. = Transitional Period : After Persian war, inspired the arts; showing a little bit of emotion and age, one plane view,
beginnings of contrapposto
• Severe Style sculpture: simplified folds, smooth faces, little bit of age and emotion, thick eyeids
• High Classical 450-400 B.C.E.: fully developed contrapposto, bland faces/no emotions, idealization
• Late Classical Greek Art, 400-323 B.C.E.: Peloponnesian war breaks out, Athens defeated by Sparta, see first female nude
• Persian Wars 490 and 480 B.C.E.: Persia attacked a city in Turkey, Greek sent troops to aid fellow Greeks, so then Perisians attacked Greece in 490; a
tiny Athenian army then beats them, but Perisa came back in 480; Greece built up mainland army and navy and still beat them
• Contrapposto: the weight shift of the human body; one leg bent and one leg flexed (weight barring leg) that creates movement throughout the body
• lost-wax bronzes: a hallow statue that are cast in different pieces and put together; less weight and less expensive
• Athens: greek city state
• Attica : region around Athens
• Attic: art works from Attica/Athens
• Akropolis: “high city” in Athens that most greek buildings are located ex) Parthenon, Propylaia, Temple of Athena Nike, Erechtheion
• Perikles: General of Athens during Golden Age
• optical refinements: used to make adjustments to buildings to make them look more perfect, everything curves slightly turn inwards and/or the base
is curved like a dome
• Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.E.: war between Athens and Sparta, Athens looses

40. -Temple of Aphaia, Aigina, Plan,view
-500-490 B.C.E
-Early Classical
-has standard number of columns which is 6
across
West pediment warrior, 500-490 B.C.E.
maybe done in archaic period, or done by
poorer artist; archaic smile, stiff
East pediment warrior, 490-480 B.C.E.
maybe done in early classical, or done by
better artist; emotion

42. -Temple of Zeus, Olympia
-470-460 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-shows a standard 6x13 doric temple
that had a giant statue of Zeus in the
cella

44. -Temple of Zeus, Olympia
-470-460 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-East pediment with chariot race of Pelops:
most important/formal pediment since it is on top of
the doorway; usually more professional and simple
Athena, Herakles, and Atlas metope: Herakles is
holding up heavens and Athena is helping Herakles,
severe style sculpture (flat folds, smooth faces)

46. -Kritios Boy
-c. 480 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-shows the beginning of contrapposto

48. -Charioteer of Delphi
-c. 470 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-example of a lost wax bronze, which
is a hallow statue that are cast in
different pieces and put together; less
weight and less expensive

50. -Zeus from Artemision
-c. 460-450 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-found in the sea after a ship wreck,
most likely Zeus because it looks like
it’s throwing a lightning bolt OR
Poseidon, maybe holding a trident

52. -Riace warriors
-460-450 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-also found in the sea, see
contrapposto usage

54. -Polykleitos, Doryphoros
-450-440 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-“Spear barer” use to hold a spear,
fully developed contrapposto, came
up with a system of proportions but
method is lost

56. -Stele of Hegeso
-c. 400 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-starting to see the body through the
clothing “wet drapery look,” mainly
for women, females shown in home

58. -Achilles Painter
-Warrior and wife
-c. 440 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-significance in the fact they finally
got down the profile eye

60. -Niobid Painter
-Artemis and Apollo killing Children of
Niobe
-c. 450 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-shows how painters were exploring
with space and how bodies are
moving in space

62. -Iktinos and Kallikrates, View and plan
-Parthenon
-447-438 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
-approach from west, view from
corner, architect wants you to
appreciate the building as a whole
mass, doric order, 8x17 to make room
for statue of Athena, 4 ionic columns
in the middle and continuous frieze
-optical refinements; dome base

64. -Sculptures supervised by Phidias @ Parthenon
-447-432 B.C.E.
-Early Classical
Statue of Athena: building made in
honor of her, not there anymore
Three goddesses, East pediment: see
the use of the wet drapery look, one could be
Aphrodite
metope with centaur: 92 sculptured
metopes, centaur wedding which is a metaphor

66. -Mnesikles
-Propylaia
-437-432 B.C.E.
-High Classical
- monumental gateway
- made a double pediment so it
wasn’t awkward
- no sculpture in metopes so it
wouldn’t overpower the
Parthenon

68. -Kallikrates
-Temple of Athena Nike
-427-424 B.C.E.
-High Classical
-ionic, no peristyle

70. -Erechtheion
-421-405 B.C.E.
-High Classical
-asymmetrical and multilevels; unlike
most classical greek buildings,
multiple cults celebrated

72. -Praxiteles
-Aphrodite of Knidos
-c. 350-340 B.C.E.
-Late Classical
-first female nude

74. -Praxiteles
-Hermes and Dionysos
-c. 340 B.C.E.
-Late Classical
-exaggerated contrapposto “s-curve”
-more intimacy, melting gaze (very
soft face)

76. -Grave stele of hunter
-c.340-330 B.C.E.
-Late Classical
-In the style of Skopas
-known for showing age, emotion,
and deep set eyes

78. -Lysippos
-Apoxyomenos
- c. 330 B.C.E.
- Late Classical
- “the sweat scraper” an athlete that
is scraping off the sweat on him
- known for making sculptures break
the plane

80. -Gnosis
-Stag hunt
-c. 300 B.C.E.
-Late Classical
-shows what is missing in wall
paintings
-ability of expressing anatomy and
shading through pebbles

82. -Philoxenos of Eretria
-Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic)
-copy of painting of c. 310 B.C.E.
-Late Classical
-don’t see a lot of depth, more
stacking
-maybe a representation of what
greek paintings may have looked like

84. -Theater at Epidauros
-4th c. B.C.E.
-late classical
-not free standing; built into the hill
slide and based off rank
-closest to stage was for the wealthy

86. -Lysikrates monument
-334 B.C.E.
-Late Classical
-not a temple, a monument given to a
theater producer
-first building to be built in the
Corinthian order that’s outside the
building

87. Vocab - Hellenistic
• Hellenistic Greek Art: 323-31 B.C.E., starts with death of Alexander
the Great, exaggerated emotion, dramatic architecture and sculpture,
twisted poses and seen in at different angles
• Philip of Macedon: conquered Greece, father of Alexander the Great
• Alexander the Great: general and military strategist, created a huge
empire from Greece to northern india
• Agora: the heart of any ancient greek city that holds the markets,
important temples, city councils
• Stoa: long skinny multipurpose building, most likely shopping malls

89. -Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of
Miletos
-Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Plan and
interior view
-begun 313 B.C.E.
-Hellenistic
-dramatic architecture, have to go
inside side entrances to enter

91. -Stoa of Attalos, Athens
-c. 150 B.C.E.
-Hellenistic
-example of a stoa, which is a long
skinny multipurpose building, this one
being a shopping mall
-bottom is doric more sturdier), top is
ionic

93. -Altar of Zeus, Pergamon
-c. 175 B.C.E.
-Hellenistic
-war memorial, contains sculpture
pouring over the reliefs
-Athena relief: shows the dramatic
emotion and sculpture, open mouth,
deep set eyes, ridged/wrinkle foreheads,
diagonal poses

95. -Nike of Samothrace
-c. 190 B.C.E.
-Hellenistic
-war memorial of naval battle
-twisting dramatic pose

97. Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-
Meander
-Aphrodite (Venus de Milo)
-c. 150-125 B.C.E.
-Hellenistic
-know its Hellenistic due to her
twisted pose

99. -Old Market Woman
-c. 150-100 B.C.E.
-Hellenistic
-extreme realism of Hellenistic
sculpture