1. The document discusses cell division through mitosis and meiosis. 2. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is important for growth, repair of damaged cells, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes, and is important for sexual reproduction. 3. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis include the number of divisions, number of daughter cells produced, ploidy of daughter cells, and role in sexual versus asexual reproduction.

1. 1 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
Chapter 5: Cell Division
Important terms and concept
1. Haploid – Cell with single __________________ set of chromosome (n)
2. Diploid – Cell with _____ sets of chromosomes (2n)
3. Cell division:
a) Mitosis – 1 parent cell (2n)  ___ daughter cells ( _____ )
b) Meiosis – 1 parent cell (2n)  ___ daughter cells ( _____ )
4.
5.1) Mitosis
1. 1 parent cell (2n)  _____ daughter cells ( _____ )
2. It is part of the cell cycle (Interphase  Mitosis  Cytokinesis)
3. Interphase is divided into:
a) ____ __________  Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles
b) ____ __________  Synthesis of DNA (thread-like chromatin)
c) ____ __________  Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles
4. Mitosis is divided into __________________, _________________, _______________
and __________________

2. 2 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
Prophase  Chromosomes start to appear and _______________ as 2
identical chromatids
 Nuclear membrane ______________________ and
nucleolus ___________________
 Centrioles move apart to ______________ sides
 ____________ ______________ begins to form
Metaphase  Chromosomes move to cell’s _________________
 Chromosomes ___________ ________ at cell’s equator
with centromeres attached to spindle fibre
 Each ______________faces its own pole
Anaphase  Chromosomes divide into two
 Each ___________ _______________ separate and
move to opposite poles
 When the chromatids reached its own pole, they become
independent chromosomes
Telophase  There are now ____sets of chromosomes, one at each
pole
 Chromosomes become __________________ structures
 Spindle fibre __________________
 ___________ ________________ begins to form
around both sets of chromosomes
 __________________ reappears
 _________________ begins
5. Cytokinesis in animal cells is by forming _________________ while that of plant cells is
by forming __________________
6. Importance of mitosis
a) Repair _______________ cells and ______________ dead cells
b) ________________ reproduction in unicellular organisms
c) Preserve ________________ number of chromosome
d) Ensure new cells are __________________ to parent cells

3. 3 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
7. Application of mitosis
a) Repair damaged cells and replace dead cells
b) Tissue culture
c) Clonnnig
d) Uncontrolled mitosis causes cancer
5.2) Meiosis
1. 1 parent cell (2n)  _____ daughter cells ( ____ )
2. Meiosis is divided into:
a) Meiosis I b) Meiosis II
 ______________________  __________________________
 ______________________  __________________________
 ______________________  __________________________
 ______________________  __________________________
Prophase I  Chromosomes _____________ and ____________
 Each chromosome consists of 2 ____________
_____________
 _________________ _________________ pair together
(bivalent) via _________________
 The criss-cross between homologous chromosomes is
known as ___________________
 This results in genetic variation
 _______________ move to opposite poles
 ____________ ____________ forms
 _____________ ______________ and ______________
disintegrate
Metaphase I  Paired homologous chromosomes line up at cell’s
________________
 Each chromosome are attached to spindle fibre at
centromeres
 Each ____________ faces its own pole
Anaphase I  Paired homologous chromosomes _______________
from each other and move to _______________ pole

4. 4 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
Telophase I  Chromosomes reached its own pole
 Each pole has ____________ chromosome set
 Spindle fibre ______________
 ___________ __________ and ____________ reform
 Cytokinesis begins
3. Meiosis II is the same as mitosis
4. Importance of meiosis
a) Allow trait inheritance in offspring
b) Maintain _____________ number of chromosomes in each generation
c) Ensure production of ____________ gametes in ____________ reproduction
d) Produce genetic _________________
Comparison between Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis I Meiosis II
Similarities
1. Consists of ____ stages, ie. ___________, ____________, ___________ & ___________
2. Involves division of nucleus and cytoplasm
Differences
Synapsis
Crossing over
In metaphase I, ___________
________________________
line up at equator
Metaphase
In metaphase II, __________
_______________ line up at
equator
In anaphase I, ____________
________________________
separate and move to opposite
side
Anaphase I
In anaphase II, ___________
_______________ separate
and move to opposite side
_____ daughter cells ( ____ )
Number of daughter cells
______ daughter cells ( ___ )

5. 5 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
Comparison between Meiosis and Mitosis
Meiosis Mitosis
Similarities
1. Both process are cell division process
2. Chromosomes only replicate once
Differences
Place occur
Number of division
_____ daughter cells ( ___ ) Number of daughter cells ____ daughter cells ( ___ )
Synapsis
Number of cytokinesis
Crossing over
Each daughter cell has _____
the number of chromosome
of parent cell
Number of chromosomes in
daughter cells
Each daughter cell has the
________ number of
chromosome as parent cell
Genetic composition are
________________________
to parent cell or to each other
Genetic composition of
daughter cells
Genetic composition are
_________________ to
parent cell and each other
Occurs during interphase
before Meiosis I begins DNA replication
Occurs during interphase
before mitosis begins
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Role in animal body
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