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Chapter 5
1. The document discusses cell division through mitosis and meiosis. 2. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is important for growth, repair of damaged cells, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes, and is important for sexual reproduction. 3. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis include the number of divisions, number of daughter cells produced, ploidy of daughter cells, and role in sexual versus asexual reproduction.
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Chapter 5
- 1. 1 © GabrielChua, 2013 Chapter 5: Cell Division Important terms and concept 1. Haploid – Cell with single __________________ set of chromosome (n) 2. Diploid – Cell with _____ sets of chromosomes (2n) 3. Cell division: a) Mitosis – 1 parent cell (2n) ___ daughter cells ( _____ ) b) Meiosis – 1 parent cell (2n) ___ daughter cells ( _____ ) 4. 5.1) Mitosis 1. 1 parent cell (2n) _____ daughter cells ( _____ ) 2. It is part of the cell cycle (Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis) 3. Interphase is divided into: a) ____ __________ Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles b) ____ __________ Synthesis of DNA (thread-like chromatin) c) ____ __________ Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles 4. Mitosis is divided into __________________, _________________, _______________ and __________________
- 2. 2 © GabrielChua, 2013 Prophase Chromosomes start to appear and _______________ as 2 identical chromatids Nuclear membrane ______________________ and nucleolus ___________________ Centrioles move apart to ______________ sides ____________ ______________ begins to form Metaphase Chromosomes move to cell’s _________________ Chromosomes ___________ ________ at cell’s equator with centromeres attached to spindle fibre Each ______________faces its own pole Anaphase Chromosomes divide into two Each ___________ _______________ separate and move to opposite poles When the chromatids reached its own pole, they become independent chromosomes Telophase There are now ____sets of chromosomes, one at each pole Chromosomes become __________________ structures Spindle fibre __________________ ___________ ________________ begins to form around both sets of chromosomes __________________ reappears _________________ begins 5. Cytokinesis in animal cells is by forming _________________ while that of plant cells is by forming __________________ 6. Importance of mitosis a) Repair _______________ cells and ______________ dead cells b) ________________ reproduction in unicellular organisms c) Preserve ________________ number of chromosome d) Ensure new cells are __________________ to parent cells
- 3. 3 © GabrielChua, 2013 7. Application of mitosis a) Repair damaged cells and replace dead cells b) Tissue culture c) Clonnnig d) Uncontrolled mitosis causes cancer 5.2) Meiosis 1. 1 parent cell (2n) _____ daughter cells ( ____ ) 2. Meiosis is divided into: a) Meiosis I b) Meiosis II ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ Prophase I Chromosomes _____________ and ____________ Each chromosome consists of 2 ____________ _____________ _________________ _________________ pair together (bivalent) via _________________ The criss-cross between homologous chromosomes is known as ___________________ This results in genetic variation _______________ move to opposite poles ____________ ____________ forms _____________ ______________ and ______________ disintegrate Metaphase I Paired homologous chromosomes line up at cell’s ________________ Each chromosome are attached to spindle fibre at centromeres Each ____________ faces its own pole Anaphase I Paired homologous chromosomes _______________ from each other and move to _______________ pole
- 4. 4 © GabrielChua, 2013 Telophase I Chromosomes reached its own pole Each pole has ____________ chromosome set Spindle fibre ______________ ___________ __________ and ____________ reform Cytokinesis begins 3. Meiosis II is the same as mitosis 4. Importance of meiosis a) Allow trait inheritance in offspring b) Maintain _____________ number of chromosomes in each generation c) Ensure production of ____________ gametes in ____________ reproduction d) Produce genetic _________________ Comparison between Meiosis I and Meiosis II Meiosis I Meiosis II Similarities 1. Consists of ____ stages, ie. ___________, ____________, ___________ & ___________ 2. Involves division of nucleus and cytoplasm Differences Synapsis Crossing over In metaphase I, ___________ ________________________ line up at equator Metaphase In metaphase II, __________ _______________ line up at equator In anaphase I, ____________ ________________________ separate and move to opposite side Anaphase I In anaphase II, ___________ _______________ separate and move to opposite side _____ daughter cells ( ____ ) Number of daughter cells ______ daughter cells ( ___ )
- 5. 5 © GabrielChua, 2013 Comparison between Meiosis and Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis Similarities 1. Both process are cell division process 2. Chromosomes only replicate once Differences Place occur Number of division _____ daughter cells ( ___ ) Number of daughter cells ____ daughter cells ( ___ ) Synapsis Number of cytokinesis Crossing over Each daughter cell has _____ the number of chromosome of parent cell Number of chromosomes in daughter cells Each daughter cell has the ________ number of chromosome as parent cell Genetic composition are ________________________ to parent cell or to each other Genetic composition of daughter cells Genetic composition are _________________ to parent cell and each other Occurs during interphase before Meiosis I begins DNA replication Occurs during interphase before mitosis begins Role in animal body