The document outlines various software testing techniques, categorizing them into black box, white box, and experience-based methods. It details specific techniques such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and state transition testing, explaining their characteristics and applications in deriving test cases. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of test design techniques for ensuring software quality and identifying defects in various stages of development.

1. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

2. Test Design Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

3. Categories of Test Techniques
Black Box Techniques
 Also known as also called behavioral or behavior-based techniques.
 Characteristics of Specification-Based techniques are –
 Test conditions, test cases, and test data are derived from a test basis that may include software
requirements, specifications, use cases, and user stories
 Test cases may be used to detect gaps between the requirements and the implementation of the
requirements, as well as deviations from the requirements
 Coverage is measured based on the items tested in the test basis
 Techniques
 Equivalence Partition
 Boundary Value Analysis
 State Transition Testing
 Decision Table Testing
 Use Case Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh

4. Categories of Test Techniques
White Box Techniques
 Also called structural or structure-based techniques.
 Characteristics of Structure-based techniques are –
 Test conditions, test cases, and test data are derived from a test basis that may include code,
software architecture, detailed design, or any other source of information regarding the
structure of the software
 Coverage is measured based on the items tested within a selected structure (e.g., the code or
interfaces)
 Specifications are often used as an additional source of information to determine the expected
outcome of test cases
 Techniques
 Statement Testing & Coverage
 Decision Testing & Coverage
Neeraj Kumar Singh

5. Categories of Test Techniques
Experience Based Techniques
 Characteristics of Experience-Based techniques are –
 Test conditions, test cases, and test data are derived from a test basis that may include
knowledge and experience of testers, developers, users and other stakeholders
 Techniques
 Error Guessing
 Exploratory Testing
 Checklist Based Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh

6. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

7. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

8. Black Box Techniques
Equivalence Partition
 It divides inputs into ranges(partition or class) where all the elements of a
particular range are expected to behave same.
 As per EP we take just 1 test case from each range.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

9. Black Box Techniques
Equivalence Partition
 An integer field shall contain values between and including 1 to 15. By applying
Equivalence Partition what is the minimum number of test cases required for maximum
coverage?
 2
 3
 1
 4
Invalid Valid Invalid
< 1 1 - 15 16 ≤
Neeraj Kumar Singh

10. Black Box Techniques
Equivalence Partition
 An integer field shall contain values between and including 1 to 15. By applying EP
which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the given
scenario.
 Less than 1, 1 through 15, more than 15
 Negative numbers, 1 through 15, above 15
 Less than 1, 1 through 14, more than 15
 Less than 0, 1 through 14, 15 and more 3
Invalid Valid Invalid
<1 1 - 15 16≤
Neeraj Kumar Singh

11. Black Box Techniques
Equivalence Partition
 In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10% The next £28000
is taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40% Which of these groups of numbers would
fall into the same equivalence class?
 £4800; £14000; £28000
 £5200; £5500; £28000
 £28001; £32000; £35000
 £5800; £28000; £32000
Valid
5501 - 33500
Valid
33501≤
Valid
4001 - 5500
Valid
1 - 4000
Neeraj Kumar Singh

12. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

13. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

14. Black Box Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
 BVA tests on the boundaries the defect can lie near the boundaries as well.
 The values in valid range are called as valid boundary values whereas the
values from invalid range are called invalid boundary values.
 Boundary values are calculated as LB, LB-1, RB, RB+1 where LB and RB are the
lower and upper boundaries given in the scenario.
Invalid Valid Invalid
Neeraj Kumar Singh
LB RBLB-1 RB+1

15. Black Box Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
 A text field in an application accepts inputs as the age of the user. Here, the values
allowed to be accepted by the field is between 18 to 30 years, inclusive of both the
values. By applying Boundary value analysis what is the minimum number of test cases
required for maximum coverage
 2
 3
 1
 4
Invalid Valid Invalid
≤17 18 - 30 31≤
Neeraj Kumar Singh

16. Black Box Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
 A text field in an application accepts inputs as the age of the user. Here, the values
allowed to be accepted by the field is between 18 to 30 years, inclusive of both the
values. Based on Boundary value analysis which of the given option consist of valid
collection of boundary values.
 16, 17, 19, 30
 17, 18, 19, 31
 17, 18, 30, 31
 18, 19, 20, 31
Invalid Valid Invalid
≤17 18 - 30 31≤
Neeraj Kumar Singh

17. Black Box Techniques
Boundary Value Analysis
 A text field in an application accepts inputs as the age of the user. Here, the values
allowed to be accepted by the field is between 18 to 30 years, inclusive of both the
values. By applying EP and BVA which of the given option consist of valid boundary
values and valid equivalence value.
 17, 18, 20
 18, 30, 25
 18, 30, 31
 19, 20, 31
Invalid Valid Invalid
≤17 18 - 30 31≤
Neeraj Kumar Singh

18. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

19. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

20. Black Box Techniques
Decision Table Testing
 Decision Table captures system requirements that contain logical conditions.
 The specification are analyzed, and conditions and actions of the system are
identified in a tabular form.
 The input conditions and actions are most often stated in a way that they
must be true or false.
Test Case 1 Test Case 2 Test Case 3 Test Case 3
Conditions
Condition 1 True True False False
Condition 2 True False True False
Actions
Action X X X X
Neeraj Kumar Singh

21.  What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?
A. Citibank card member, holding a Silver room
B. Non Citibank-member, holding a Platinum room
 A – Don’t offer any upgrade, B – Don’t offer any upgrade.
 A – Don’t offer any upgrade, B – Offer upgrade to Gold.
 A – Offer upgrade to Silver, B – Offer upgrade to Silver.
 A – Offer upgrade to Gold, B – Don’t offer any upgrade.
Black Box Techniques
Decision Table Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh

22.  Given the following decision table: Which of the following test cases and expected
results is VALID?
 23 year old in insurance class A Premium is 90 and excess is 2,500.
 51 year old in insurance class C Premium is 100 and excess is 500.
 31 year old in insurance class B Premium is 70 and excess is 2,500.
 43 year old in insurance class C Premium is 100 and excess is 1,000.
Black Box Techniques
Decision Table Testing
Neeraj Kumar Singh

23. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

24. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

25. Black Box Techniques
State Transition Testing
 State transition testing exhibits the various states of scenario/system and
possible transition between them.
 The representation is called as State Transition Diagram(STD).
 A STD shows all Valid Transitions.
 A STD consist of pair of transition between 2 states.
 If the pair is missing between 2 states then the missing transition/s is/are
called as Invalid Transitions.
S1 S2 S3
A
D C
B
Neeraj Kumar Singh

26. Black Box Techniques
State Transition Testing
For Example -
 State transition testing and State transition diagram of Water
ICE WATER VAPOUR
A
D C
B
Test Case ID TC01 TC02 TC03 TC04
Starting State ICE WATER WATER VAPOUR
Transition A D B C
Final State WATER ICE VAPOUR WATER
Neeraj Kumar Singh

27. Black Box Techniques
State Transition Testing(K3)
 Based on the given state transition diagram of a switch which of the following test case
is Invalid?
 OFF to ON
 ON to OFF
 FAULT to ON
 ON to FAULT
ON
OFF
FAULT
S1
S2
S3
Neeraj Kumar Singh

28. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

29. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

30. Black Box Techniques
Use Case Testing
 Use cases describe interaction between actor
and system
 It is helpful for deriving test cases for the
Integration testing, system testing and
acceptance testing.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

31. Black Box Techniques
Use Case Testing
 Use case describes the “process flows” through a system based on its actual
use.
 Use cases help to uncover defects in process flow during real-world use of the
system.
 It also helps uncover integration defects caused by the interaction and
interference of different components.
 Use case are described at the abstract level (business use case, business
process level)
 Use case may also be described at the system level (system use cases on the
system functionality level)
Neeraj Kumar Singh

32. Black Box Techniques
Use Case Testing
 Use case describes the “process flows” through a system based on its actual
use.
 Use cases help to uncover defects in process flow during real-world use of the
system.
 It also helps uncover integration defects caused by the interaction and
interference of different components.
 Use case are described at the abstract level (business use case, business
process level)
 Use case may also be described at the system level (system use cases on the
system functionality level)
Neeraj Kumar Singh

33. Black Box Techniques
Use Case Testing
Which of the following statements about the benefits of deriving test cases from use cases
are true and which are false?
A. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for system and acceptance testing.
B. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful only for automated testing.
C. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for component testing.
D. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for integration testing.
Answer Set:
A. A and D are true; B and C are false
B. A is true; B, C, and D are false
C. B and D are true; A and C are false
D. A, C, and D are true; B is false
Neeraj Kumar Singh

34. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

35. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

36. White Box Techniques
Introduction
 Statement Testing or Statement Coverage tests the statement for a given
fragment of code.
 Whereas Decision Testing or Decision Coverage tests the decisions made
within a given fragment of code.
 Decision Testing is also known as Branch Testing or Branch Coverage.
 Decision Testing is stronger than Statement Testing.
 100% Decision Coverage guarantees 100% Statement Coverage but not vice
versa.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

37. White Box Techniques
Understanding a flowchart
True
False?
Read A
Read B
If A>B then
Print “A is Bigger”
Else
Print “B is Bigger”
End If
Start
End
Branch
Nodes
A,B
A>B
A
B
End If
Neeraj Kumar Singh

38. White Box Techniques
Understanding a flowchart
True
False?
Read A
Read B
If A>B then
Print “A is Bigger”
Else
Print “B is Bigger”
End If
Start
End
A Path is the executable path which
reaches the end of the code starting from
the start point.
2
1
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A,B
A>B
A
B
End If

39. White Box Techniques
Statement Coverage
True
False?
Read A
Read B
If A>B then
Print “A is Bigger”
Else
Print “B is Bigger”
End If
Start
End
2
1
What is the minimum number test cases
required for 100% statement coverage?
SC = Min no. of paths required for
covering all the nodes.
Statement Coverage = 2
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A,B
A>B
A
B
End If

40. Example 1
End
Select
trans...
Yes
Display
“Enter..
Yes
Valid
PIN?
No
Reject
card
Display
“PIN in..
No
Wait for card to be inserted
IF card is a valid card THEN
display “Enter PIN number”
IF PIN is valid THEN
select transaction
ELSE (otherwise)
display “PIN invalid”
ELSE (otherwise)
reject card
Valid
card?
Wait
Statement Coverage = 3
#Tip
Statement Coverage = 1 + Count of ElseNeeraj Kumar Singh

41. Read A
IF A > 0 THEN
IF A = 21 THEN
Print “Key”
ENDIF
ENDIF
Example 2
Print
Yes
A=21
Yes
No
End
A>0
No
Read
Statement Coverage = 1
Neeraj Kumar Singh

42. Example 3
Read A
Read B
IF A > 0 THEN
IF B = 0 THEN
Print “No values”
ELSE
Print B
IF A > 21 THEN
Print A
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
Print
Yes
Print
A>21
No
No
B=0
Print
Yes
Yes
Read
A>0
End
No
Statement Coverage = 2
Neeraj Kumar Singh

43. Read A
Read B
IF A < 0 THEN
Print “A negative”
ELSE
Print “A positive”
ENDIF
IF B < 0 THEN
Print “B negative”
ELSE
Print “B positive”
ENDIF
Example 4 Read
End
Print
No
Print
Yes
B<0
Print
No
Print
Yes
A<0
Statement Coverage = 2
#Tip for Un-nested conditions
Statement Coverage = 2 (when else are there)
Statement Coverage = 1 (when no else are there)
Neeraj Kumar Singh

44.  For the given fragment of code following paths/test
cases have been executed. What statement coverage is
achieved?
Test 1 – A,B,C
Test 2 – A,B,D,G,H
Example 5
A. 50%
B. 75%
C. 90%
D. 100%
Statement Coverage=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
D
B
A
C
G
F
I
H
6 out of 8
statements are
tested.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

45. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

46. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

47. White Box Techniques
Introduction
 Statement Testing or Statement Coverage tests the statement for a given
fragment of code.
 Whereas Decision Testing or Decision Coverage tests the decisions made
within a given fragment of code.
 Decision Testing is also known as Branch Testing or Branch Coverage.
 Decision Testing is stronger than Statement Testing.
 100% Decision Coverage guarantees 100% Statement Coverage but not vice
versa.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

48. White Box Techniques
Understanding a flowchart
True
False?
Read A
Read B
If A>B then
Print “A is Bigger”
Else
Print “B is Bigger”
End If
Start
End
Branch
Nodes
A,B
A>B
A
B
End If
Neeraj Kumar Singh

49. White Box Techniques
Understanding a flowchart
True
False?
Read A
Read B
If A>B then
Print “A is Bigger”
Else
Print “B is Bigger”
End If
Start
End
A Path is the executable path which
reaches the end of the code starting from
the start point.
2
1
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A,B
A>B
A
B
End If

50. White Box Techniques
Decision Coverage
True
False?
Read A
Read B
If A>B then
Print “A is Bigger”
Else
Print “B is Bigger”
End If
Start
End
2
1
What is the minimum number test cases
required for 100% decision coverage?
DC = Min no. of paths required for
covering all the branches.
Decision Coverage = 2
Neeraj Kumar Singh
A,B
A>B
A
B
End If

51. Example 1
End
Select
trans...
Yes
Display
“Enter..
Yes
Valid
PIN?
No
Reject
card
Display
“PIN in..
No
Wait for card to be inserted
IF card is a valid card THEN
display “Enter PIN number”
IF PIN is valid THEN
select transaction
ELSE (otherwise)
display “PIN invalid”
ELSE (otherwise)
reject card
Valid
card?
Wait
Decision Coverage = 3
#Tip
Decision Coverage = Count of If + 1Neeraj Kumar Singh

52. Read A
IF A > 0 THEN
IF A = 21 THEN
Print “Key”
ENDIF
ENDIF
Example 2
Print
Yes
A=21
Yes
No
End
A>0
No
Read
Decision Coverage = 3
Neeraj Kumar Singh

53. Example 3
Read A
Read B
IF A > 0 THEN
IF B = 0 THEN
Print “No values”
ELSE
Print B
IF A > 21 THEN
Print A
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
Print
Yes
Print
A>21
No
No
B=0
Print
Yes
Yes
Read
A>0
End
No
Decision Coverage = 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

54. Read A
Read B
IF A < 0 THEN
Print “A negative”
ELSE
Print “A positive”
ENDIF
IF B < 0 THEN
Print “B negative”
ELSE
Print “B positive”
ENDIF
Example 4 Read
End
Print
No
Print
Yes
B<0
Print
No
Print
Yes
A<0
Decision Coverage = 2
#Tip for Un-nested conditions
Decision Coverage = 2 (irrespective of count of if)Neeraj Kumar Singh

55.  For the given fragment of code following paths/test
cases have been executed. What decision coverage is
achieved?
Test 1 – A,B,C
Test 2 – A,B,D,G,H
Example 5
A. 50%
B. 62%
C. 75%
D. 100%
Decision Coverage=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
D
B
A
C
G
F
I
H
5 out of 8
Decisions are
tested.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

56. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

57. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

58. Experience Based Techniques
Introduction
 Experience Based techniques uses tester’s skill, intuition and experience of
similar application and technologies.
 These techniques are useful in identifying special tests which are not easily
captured by formal techniques.
 These techniques are usually applied after applying formal techniques.
 There are few scenarios where these are the only option to applied.
 Specifications are poorly defined.
 Time Pressure.
 Testing team is not formally trained on testing fundamentals.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

59. Experience Based Techniques
Error Guessing
 This techniques requires knowledge of defects and experience of application.
 Is to enumerate possible defects and design tests that attack these defects.
 This systematic approach is called fault attack.
 These defect and failure list can be built based on experience, typical defect
and failure data.
 Updating the result of execution and evaluating further need of tests and
their execution.
 Error guessing based on
 How the application has worked in the past
 What types of mistakes the developers tend to make
 Failures that have occurred in other applications
Neeraj Kumar Singh

60. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

61. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

62. Experience Based Techniques
Introduction
 Experience Based techniques uses tester’s skill, intuition and experience of
similar application and technologies.
 These techniques are useful in identifying special tests which are not easily
captured by formal techniques.
 These techniques are usually applied after applying formal techniques.
 There are few scenarios where these are the only option to applied.
 Specifications are poorly defined.
 Time Pressure.
 Testing team is not formally trained on testing fundamentals.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

63. Experience Based Techniques
Exploratory Testing
 Here it includes allocation of a part of the application which supposed to be
explored.
 In exploratory testing, informal (not pre-defined) tests are designed,
executed, logged, and evaluated dynamically during test execution.
 These doesn’t require preparation of test cases instead a random or ADHOC
approach is followed.
 Test charter containing test objectives are the basis to be followed for
execution.
 The execution are time boxed with a range between 30 min to 120 min,
depending on the size of the application.
 Executions are called as test sessions or time boxed test sessions.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

64. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

65. Test Techniques
Contents
4.1 Categories of Test Design Techniques
4.2 Black Box Test Techniques
4.3 White Box Test Techniques
4.4 Experience-Based Test Techniques
Neeraj Kumar Singh

66. Experience Based Techniques
Checklist Based Testing
 In checklist-based testing, testers design, implement, and execute tests to
cover test conditions found in a checklist.
 As part of analysis, testers create a new checklist or expand an existing
checklist, but testers may also use an existing checklist without modification.
 checklists can be built based on experience, knowledge about what is
important for the user, or an understanding of why and how software fails.
 In the absence of detailed test cases, checklist-based testing can provide
guidelines and a degree of consistency.
 As these are high-level lists, some variability in the actual testing is likely to
occur, resulting in potentially greater coverage but less repeatability.
Neeraj Kumar Singh

67. Test Techniques
1 Fundamentals 2 Lifecycle
4 Dynamic test
techniques
3 Static testing
5 Management 6 Tools
Software Testing
ISTQB Foundation Exam Preparation
Chapter 4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

68. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
A fitness app measures the number of steps that are walked each day and provides feedback to
encourage the user to keep fit.
The feedback for different numbers of steps should be:
Up to 1000 - Couch Potato!
Above 1000, up to 2000 - Lazy Bones!
Above 2000, up to 4000 - Getting There!
Above 4000, up to 6000 - Not Bad!
Above 6000 - Way to Go!
Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the highest equivalence partition coverage?
Answer Set:
A. 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000
B. 1000, 2001, 4000, 4001, 6000
C. 123, 2345, 3456, 4567, 5678
D. 666, 999, 2222, 5555, 6666
Neeraj Kumar Singh

69. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
A smart home app measures the average temperature in the house over the previous week and
provides feedback to the occupants on their environmental-friendliness based on this temperature.
The feedback for different average temperature ranges (to the nearest °C) should be:
Up to 10°C - Icy Cool!
11°C to 15°C - Chilled Out!
16°C to 19°C - Cool Man!
20°C to 22°C - Too Warm!
Above 22°C - Hot & Sweaty!
Using two-point BVA, which of the following sets of test inputs provides the highest level of
boundary coverage?
a) Answer Set:
A. 0°C, 11°C, 20°C, 22°C, 23°C
B. 9°C, 15°C, 19°C, 23°C, 100°C
C. 10°C, 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, 23°C
D. 14°C, 15°C, 18°C, 19°C, 21°C, 22°C
Neeraj Kumar Singh

70. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
Decision table testing is being performed on a speeding fine system. Two test cases have already been generated for
rules 1 and 4, which are shown below:
Which two of the additional test cases would achieve full coverage of the complete decision table (when combined
with the test cases that have already been generated for rules 1 and 4)
Answer Set:
A. DT1, DT2
B. DT2, DT3
C. DT2, DT4
D. DT3, DT4
Neeraj Kumar Singh

71. Test Techniques
Sample Questions
Given the following state model of a battery charger software
Which of the following sequences of transitions provides the highest level of transition
coverage for the model?
Answer Set:
A. OFF → WAIT → OFF → WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → HIGH → CHARGE → LOW
B. WAIT → TRICKLE → WAIT → OFF → WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → LOW → CHARGE
C. HIGH → CHARGE → LOW → CHARGE → TRICKLE → WAIT → TRICKLE → WAIT → TRICKLE
D. WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → HIGH → CHARGE → TRICKLE → WAIT → OFF → WAIT
Neeraj Kumar Singh