The document discusses assignment statements in Java. An assignment statement changes the value of a variable by using the assignment operator (=). A sample Java program demonstrates using assignment statements to change the value stored in an integer variable representing the number of sides of different geometric shapes. The program first initializes the variable to 7, then uses assignment statements to change the variable value to 10 and then 12 as it prints out information about a heptagon, decagon, and dodecagon.