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The Great War
The document summarizes the causes and events of World War 1. It describes the long term tensions between nations including imperialism, militarism and alliances that led to the war. The immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which set off a chain reaction of countries joining the fighting on both sides. Over 15 million people were killed and societies were fully mobilized for total war until an armistice in 1918 and peace settlement in 1919.
The Great War
- 1. THE GREAT WAR:THE WORLD IN UPHEAVAL
- 2. La Belle Époque- 1871 - 1914 Absence of armed conflict Increasing power of popularly elected legislatures. Increasing involvement of government in social legislation. Improved health and leisure .
- 3. CAUSES AND ORIGINSOF THE WAR Short term cause – Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie enter their car one final time unaware they are minutes from dying
- 4. LONG TERM CAUSESOF WORLD WAR I Long term causes are much more complex National rivalries Imperialism Military Arms Race Economic Rivalries Domestic Problems
- 5. LONG TERM CAUSESOF WORLD WAR I Alliance System Triple Alliance (Central Powers ) – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later left and became neutral, then joined the Allies) Triple Entente (Allied Powers) – Britain, France, Russia Nationalism
- 6. MARCH TO WAR Crisis in the Balkans Serbia Bosnia – Herzegovina
- 7. MARCH TO WAR Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Gavrilo Princip Black Hand Franz Ferdinand and family Produces a Chain Reaction Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip being apprehended
- 8. AUSTRIA – HUNGARYISSUES ULTIMATUM TO SERBIA - Demands were impossible for Serbia to meet - Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia - This sets off a chain reaction
- 9. CHAIN REACTION Austria-Hungary andGermany Vs. Serbia and Russia
- 10. MARCH TO WAR Schlieffin Plan Had been created in 1905 Take France, then Russia Rape of Belgium Belgium was neutral Germany invades Great Britain enters WWI Battle of the Marne
- 11. REACTION TO WAR- EXCITEMENT
- 12. NEW TECHNOLOGIES Trench warfare
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- 15. NEW TECHNOLOGIES Poisonous gas Tanks Airplanes Submarine
- 16. BATTLE OF VERDUN– FEBRUARY 1916
- 17. BATTLE OF THESOMME – JULY 1916
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- 19. ON THE HOMEFRONT… Total War Mass conscription Government controlled economies Wage & price controls, work hours, full employment Limited & restricted freedoms.
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- 22. WOMEN AND WAR Women performed the jobs of men at home Women served as nurses on the battlefield At the war’s end, women expected more equality with men In some places, gained the right to vote
- 23. WIDENING THE WAR The Ottoman Empire Italy Middle East Japan United States
- 24. AMERICA JOINS THEWAR Lusitania
- 25. AMERICA JOINS THEWAR Lusitania
- 26. AMERICA JOINS THEWAR The Zimmerman Telegram
- 27. 1918 OFFENSIVES German Offensive Treaty of Brest – Litovsk with Russia Moved troops to Western Front Second Battle of the Marne The Hundred Days German defeat – November 1918 Government collapse Weimar Republic
- 29. HUMAN COST Military & Civilian Deaths: 15 million Wounded: 20 million Germany – 2 million Russia – 1.7 million France – 1.4 million Great Britain – 1 million U.S. – 126k
- 30. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd George Victorio Orlando Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson
- 31. THE REORDERING OFEUROPE Treaty of Versailles Germany blamed for the war Territorial loss Military reduction Saddled with reparations payments League of Nations America didn’t join Redrawing the Map of Europe
- 32. IMPACT OF WARAND PEACE Weak peace settlement – led to WWII Bolshevik Revolution Destroyed Empires New Map of Europe Age of Anxiety