Chapter 25 democracy and reform
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Democratic reforms spread through England in the 19th century, establishing principles like merit-based government positions, adjusted voting districts, and workers' rights. France experienced repeated political upheavals, overthrowing King Charles X in 1830 after he tried to restore absolutism, and King Louis Philippe in 1848, leading to the rise of Louis Napoleon. Multiple wars weakened France, including defeat by Prussia in 1870, while internal conflicts included the revolutionary Paris Commune being crushed in 1871. The Dreyfus Affair trial divided France along anti-Semitic and pro-Jewish lines but demonstrated the stability of the new Third Republic.
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The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
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The document provides an overview of the key events and developments during the American Revolution, formation of the new American nation, background and causes of the French Revolution, major events of the French Revolution including the storming of the Bastille and establishment of a republic, the Reign of Terror under Robespierre, the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and establishment of his empire, and his eventual defeat at the Battle of Waterloo leading to his exile. It also includes discussion questions about the influence of the Enlightenment, Louis XVI's actions, differences between urban and rural revolutions in France, the impact of nationalism, and lasting changes brought by Napoleon's reign.
The french revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. Enlightenment ideas spread and criticized the inefficiencies and abuses of the Old Regime. The Revolution was also caused by war debt from conflicts like the Seven Years' War and American Revolution, as well as food shortages and a heavy tax burden on peasants. The storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 marked the start of the Revolution. The monarchy was eventually overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793. The radical Jacobins seized power and established a Reign of Terror to eliminate opposition, leading to thousands of deaths by guillotine. The Revolution established France as a secular,
The french revolution
The French Revolution occurred from 1789-1815 and consisted of 10 phases:
1) The Old Regime ruled by King Louis XVI faced debt from aiding the American Revolution. 2) The Tennis Court Oath saw the estates general rebel and form the National Assembly. 3) The Storming of the Bastille sparked violence that spread throughout France. 4) The Declaration of the Rights of Man established freedoms and took power from the church. 5) King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were arrested and executed. 6) The Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror under Maximillien Robespierre. 7) Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as a general defeating European powers. 8) Napoleon
French revolution
The document provides an overview of the causes and events of the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It discusses how the ideas of the Enlightenment and inequalities between the three estates led to unrest. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, bread riots, and the declaration of the Rights of Man which established new freedoms and moved France from an absolute to constitutional monarchy.
The French Revolution
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the unfair taxation system that burdened the third estate and led to unrest. Major developments included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the abolition of feudalism. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, though this gave way to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Eventually, a Directory assumed power in France as the Revolution came to an end.
French revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in 1799 with significant social changes and armed conflicts. It overthrew the French monarchy and established a democratic republic based on principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. The revolution radically transformed French society from a feudal system to one without hereditary privileges. It was an incredibly violent period that divided French society into hostile estates and led to a reign of terror under Robespierre with thousands executed by guillotine.
french history.pptx
The French Revolution began in 1789 as the Third Estate, angry over their lack of representation and rights, demanded equality and reforms. They took an oath at a tennis court to form a national assembly. Violence broke out as peasant mobs targeted the aristocracy. A new constitution was written between 1789-1791, but the monarchy and new government were unstable. The Revolution saw periods of violence and terror alongside attempts at new governments. It ended with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in 1799, leaving democratic reforms and nationalism as part of its lasting legacies.
French Revolution
The French Revolution was caused by severe social inequality, a financial crisis due to wars, and poor harvests. It resulted in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the establishment of a republic. The Revolution had major social, economic, and political impacts, including the formation of rights for citizens and the dissolution of the estates system and monarchy in France. However, it also led to widespread violence and turmoil during the Reign of Terror.
4 french revolution ppt
The French Revolution was sparked by political and economic problems under the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI. France was deeply unequal with a system of estates that privileged the clergy and nobility over the majority Third Estate, who faced high taxes. When the king called the Estates-General to address a financial crisis, tensions erupted over issues of representation and taxation. This led the Third Estate forming the National Assembly and demanding democratic reforms and limits on royal power, marking the beginning of the Revolution in 1789.
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The french revolution
The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval in the late 18th century that led to the end of the French absolute monarchy and the establishment of a republic. Growing discontent with the unequal system of estates and the lavish lifestyle of the royal family amidst economic troubles and famine led to calls for reform. When King Louis XVI convened the Estates General but maintained the unequal voting system, the Third Estate declared itself a national assembly intent on drafting a constitution. This sparked unrest and attacks on the Bastille prison, beginning the revolution. A constitutional monarchy was established but unrest continued as radical and moderate factions vied for control, leading to the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of
History Grade 9. 1789 - French Revolution.pdf
The Revision notes were prepared to help my son who is in Grade 9 to help him understand about the french revolution. Wherever possible I have tried to provide the reference sources in order to provide credits to the original poster. Uploading this document for the benefit of other students so that they don't have to start from the scratch.
french revolution.pptx
The document provides a summary of the French Revolution which occurred between 1787 and 1799. It discusses the key causes of the revolution, including the unequal social hierarchy and burden of taxation on the third estate. The revolution proceeded in stages, beginning with the meeting of the Estates-General and the formation of the National Assembly. Significant events included the storming of the Bastille, the adoption of the Declaration of Rights of Man, the execution of Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. The revolution ultimately ended with the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the establishment of the French republic.
The french-revolution-1215886858269958-9
The French Revolution was sparked by financial crisis and influenced by Enlightenment ideas of equality and justice. It overthrew the French feudal system and Ancien Regime, abolishing the monarchy and establishing a republic. The Revolution went through three phases - first moderate reforms from 1789-1791, then a more radical period from 1792-1794 where extremists like Robespierre rose to power instituting the Reign of Terror, and finally a conservative backlash from 1794-1799 when Napoleon came to power.
FRENCH REVOLUTION 1.pptx
The document provides an overview of the French Revolution between 1787-1799. It discusses the key causes including unequal social conditions, economic troubles, and influential philosophers. The revolution occurred in stages starting with the meeting of the Estates-General and National Assembly, then the storming of the Bastille. The monarchy was abolished and Reign of Terror followed until Robespierre's execution. The revolution transformed France's political and social systems.
American and French Revolutions
The document discusses key events and themes in Europe between 1750-1900, including the American and French Revolutions, the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, and his efforts to build a French empire across Europe. It provides context on the causes of the revolutions, including political and economic inequalities, as well as timelines and overviews of major historical figures and developments during this era of industrialization, revolution, and imperial expansion.
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Reforms And Revolutions And The Revolutions Of 1848 V.2008
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The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
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The great war
The document summarizes the origins and key events of World War I. Rising international tensions due to imperialism, nationalism, and military buildup contributed to the outbreak of war. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited the powder keg of alliances, pulling countries into war. The war became a stalemate and dragged on for years with new weapons and unprecedented casualties on both sides. Germany was ultimately defeated in 1918 and faced severe consequences in the Treaty of Versailles.
Cold war era
The document outlines key events of the Cold War era including the Cuban Missile Crisis where Khrushchev wanted to challenge JFK and remove US influence from Berlin, leading to the closest confrontation between the US and Soviet Union. It also discusses the spread of communism through the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the building of the Berlin Wall to stop East German emigration, and the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 as Gorbachev lost support and republics declared independence. Other global events during this period included Indian independence, the creation of Israel, conflicts in the Middle East, and increasing globalization.
Chapter 31 wwii
The document summarizes key events leading up to World War 2 in Europe, including Japan's invasion of Manchuria, Italy's conquest of Ethiopia, and Germany's remilitarization and annexation of territories in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. It then details Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 and swift defeat of the country, followed by Germany's conquest of Denmark, Norway, France, and much of Western Europe in 1940. Britain resisted Germany in the Battle of Britain. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union but became bogged down in the siege of Stalingrad, leading to major Soviet victories and the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany by Allied forces invading from the west in 1944-1945.
Chapter 29 the road to wwii
The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany in the early 20th century. It describes how economic struggles led to Mussolini rising to power in Italy. In Germany, the unstable Weimar Republic struggled with inflation and debt following WWI. Adolf Hitler gained popularity by blaming Germany's problems on Jews and communists. He became Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power, establishing a fascist dictatorship. The Nazi party pursued aggressive rearmament and persecution of Jews, culminating in the "Final Solution" plan during WWII.
Chaper 26 reaction and nationalism
The document discusses political developments in several European countries in the 19th century. It describes how nationalism grew after the Napoleonic Wars and led to the unification of Italy and Germany. For Italy, it discusses Count Cavour's diplomacy that helped create a united Italy by 1861. For Germany, it outlines Bismarck's strategic wars that defeated Denmark, Austria, and France, allowing Prussia to unite most German states by 1871. It also discusses the establishment of the dual monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1867 in response to revolutions in 1848. For Russia, it notes Alexander II's reforms like emancipating serfs but also increased revolutionary sentiments, leading his successor Alexander III to implement harsher policies
Bolshevik revolution impact of war
The document summarizes key events in Japan, Russia, and Europe following World War 1. In Japan, the Meiji Restoration modernized the country under Western influence. Japan then grew increasingly militaristic and expansionist, annexing Korea in 1910 and invading Manchuria in 1931. In Russia, the Bolshevik Revolution overthrew the Czarist government in 1917 and established the Soviet Union under Lenin and later Stalin. In Europe, Germany struggled with political instability and hyperinflation under the Weimar Republic, while Britain and France also faced economic troubles in the postwar period. The U.S. emerged as a new global power.
Chapter 24 cultural revolution
This document summarizes major economic, social, scientific, and cultural developments that occurred during the 1800s. It discusses the rise of capitalist ideas with thinkers like Adam Smith and the emergence of socialism with Karl Marx. Significant scientific advancements are noted, including the theories of evolution, genetics, vaccines, and atomic theory. Socially, it describes the abolition of slavery in Britain, new worker protections, population growth, urbanization, and expanded education and leisure activities. In art, the document outlines the Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, and Postimpressionism movements.
Chapter 22 the french revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to growing discontent with the privileges of the nobility and clergy under the Old Regime. The Third Estate demanded political representation and equality, leading them to form the National Assembly. On July 14th, mobs stormed the Bastille prison, beginning widespread violence. The Revolution abolished the monarchy and established a republic, executing King Louis XVI. However, internal unrest and war with other European nations led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as dictator in 1799 and formed a vast empire before his defeat in 1812-1815.
Chapter 21 english civil war
The English Revolution occurred due to opposition to the increasingly absolute rule of the Crown. Under Elizabeth I, Parliament gained power, but James I and Charles I both believed in the divine right of kings and repeatedly dissolved Parliament over taxation issues. This led to the English Civil War between Charles I and the Puritan-led Parliament, culminating in Charles' execution in 1649. Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector until 1660, when the monarchy was restored under Charles II with constitutional limits on the king's power. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 established Parliament as the primary ruler and required future monarchs to be Protestants.
Chapter 20 scientific revolution
The document summarizes key aspects of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment period in Europe. It discusses early scientific theories from Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler that challenged the geocentric model. Isaac Newton then used the scientific method and mathematics to develop theories of gravity and expand on earlier work. During the Enlightenment, philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau applied principles of reason and natural rights to critique traditions and argue for reforms. This period saw advances in fields like philosophy, science, and political thought that emphasized rational thought over religious authority and tradition.
Reformation
This document summarizes some of the key events of the Protestant Reformation in Europe between the 16th-17th centuries, including Martin Luther nailing his 95 Theses and being excommunicated, the establishment of the Church of England under Henry VIII and Edward VI, the spread of Calvinism under John Calvin in Switzerland, the Catholic Reformation and Council of Trent, and the political and religious divisions that emerged between Catholic and Protestant states.
Northern renaissance
The Renaissance spread from Italy to Northern Europe in the 15th century after the Hundred Years' War ended. It began in Flanders and was influenced by wealthy rulers who employed Italian artists. Northern Renaissance art had more Christian themes and a focus on realism, as seen in the works of Flemish painters. The printing press also spread ideas. Northern Humanism, exemplified by Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More, focused more on Christianity and education reform than classical texts. Erasmus criticized the exorbitance of church leaders in his book "The Praise of Folly". Shakespeare lived in Elizabethan England and performed at the Globe Theatre, drawing from classics but focusing on human flaws and emotions.
Italian renaissance
The document summarizes key aspects of the Italian Renaissance, including that Italy's location, Roman ruins, and isolated city-states contributed to its emergence. A shift to humanism renewed classical thinking and emphasized education and the individual. Humanist literature focused on personal feelings and ambition. Powerful families ruled independent city-states engaged in diplomacy rather than war. Florence and Rome became cultural centers, with Florence supporting the arts under the Medicis and Rome rebuilt by the wealthy Pope. The Renaissance arts mixed classical and biblical themes and were greatly influenced by humanism.
Chapter 19 royal power and conflict
This document provides an overview of the monarchies in Europe during the Age of Absolutism. It discusses several key monarchs including Philip II of Spain, Elizabeth I of England, Louis XIV of France, and the conflicts between Protestant and Catholic states in the German territories. The main points covered are Philip II's rule over Spain from 1556-1598 and his religious persecution policies, the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, Louis XIV's consolidation of power in France through policies like the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and the devastation caused by the Thirty Years War in the German states from 1618-1648.
Chapter 17 early explorations
Europeans explored the world in the 15th-16th centuries seeking new trade routes to Asia and its riches. Portugal pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa. Under Spain, Columbus landed in the Caribbean in 1492 thinking he reached Asia. Magellan proved in 1522 that the world was round by circumnavigating it and establishing no direct western route to Asia existed. Portugal dominated trade in Africa and India, while Spain sought wealth and conversion in the Americas, conquering the Aztecs and Incas. The Atlantic slave trade developed to support colonial economies through a trade triangle of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The Columbian Exchange resulted in new global trade and the spread of crops, diseases, and ideas worldwide
Chapter 6 the roman republic
The document provides an overview of the history of ancient Rome from its founding through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how the Greeks and Etruscans influenced early Rome and the establishment of the Roman Republic. Key events included the Punic Wars with Carthage and the rise of powerful individuals like Julius Caesar which contributed to the transition from Republic to Empire. The Roman Empire reached its height under strong emperors before experiencing instability, economic problems, and invasions from barbarian groups which ultimately led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
Chapter 5 height of greek civilization
The document discusses several aspects of ancient Greek culture. It describes how the Parthenon was a prime example of Greek architecture and how Greeks excelled at sculpting the human form. It also discusses important Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and how they established foundations for fields like logic, science, and political science. Finally, it summarizes the career of Alexander the Great, how he conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture throughout his realm, establishing many new cities including the important city of Alexandria.
Chapter 4 rise of ancient greece
Greece is a mountainous land of peninsulas and thousands of islands where the Minoans and Mycenaeans established early civilizations. The Greeks developed a polytheistic religion and cultural traditions like drama and the Olympics. City-states called poleis emerged, each centered around an acropolis and temple. Athens and Sparta grew to dominate as rival powers - Athens established a direct democracy while Sparta focused on its powerful military. The Persian Wars united the Greeks against invasion, and a Golden Age followed for Athens under Pericles' leadership, but the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta weakened Greece.
Chapter 13 height of medieval europe
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Chapter 25 democracy and reform
- 1. Democracy and Reform Ch. 8 sec. 2/Ch. 10 Sec. 1
- 2. Spread of Democracy In the 19th century, democratic reforms swept through England Gov’t positions based on ability Adjusted voting districts Social Reforms for workers Suffragettes fight for women’s suffrage
- 3. French Political Instability Congress of Vienna reinstated Louis XVIII (1815) Charles X overthrown in 1830 after trying to restore absolutism Revolution of 1848 saw the abdication of Louis Philippe and rise of Louis Napoleon
- 4. Periods of War Crimean War pitted Russia against Great Britain and France over territory in Ottoman Empire (1854) In 1870 France declared war on Prussia, but was defeated in 6 weeks Prussia severely punished the French and embarrassed them
- 5. Confusion again in France Workers revolted and formed Commune of Paris (1871) 20,000 workers were killed by National Assembly armed forces Third Republic was established Survived failed coup d’etat and Panama Canal disaster
- 6. Dreyfus Affair Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew, was set up as a traitor This trial deeply divided France between anti-Semitic groups and those who supported Dreyfus Proved the 3rd Republic could survive
- 7. Dreyfus Affair Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew, was set up as a traitor This trial deeply divided France between anti-Semitic groups and those who supported Dreyfus Proved the 3rd Republic could survive