The document discusses the Congress of Vienna which was convened after Napoleon's defeat to restore the balance of power in Europe. At the Congress, the nations returned conquered lands to their previous rulers and restored absolute monarchs, including a new King Louis XVIII in France. However, the ideals of the French Revolution had spread and nationalist movements continued to grow throughout the 1800s, leading both to unification movements and separation movements as groups sought self-governance.

1. Napoleon

2.  The most powerful nations met at Vienna (in
Austria) to reestablish the balance of power.
 Why though? Why let France keep any power?

3.  The enemies of France didn’t
trust each other either. They
teamed up to beat Napoleon, but
the next Napoleon could come
from England, Germany, or
Russia.
 A strong France would be a
buffer separating the often
warring nations.

4.  Returned all the
lands Napoleon had
taken over to the
kings who controlled
the lands.
 Restored absolute
monarchs to the
countries Napoleon
had conquered.
 A new Louis (XVIII)
took over France

5.  Things didn’t go as planned though.
 Even though the French Revolution was an
unparalleled disaster, many European nations
were thrilled by its perceived successes.
Many countries wanted to experience their
own Enlightenment style reforms.
 The absolute monarchs discovered they had
to actively fight back to stay in
power.

6.  Despite monarchists
attempts to maintain
power, though, the
ideals of the French
Revolution, “liberty,
equality, and
fraternity” swept
throughout Europe
and the rest of the
world.
 Nationalist
movements continued
to grow into the
1830s and 1840s.

7.  Two opposing reactions developed as a result
of the nationalist movements in the 1800s:
 Unification movements – people of similar
cultures from different countries join up
 Separation movements – groups broke away
from their countries to form governments
that represented their ideals

8.  Liberals and radicals led
nationalist movements to create
nation-states all across Europe
after 1815.