Bolshevik revolution impact of war
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The document summarizes key events in Japan, Russia, and Europe following World War 1. In Japan, the Meiji Restoration modernized the country under Western influence. Japan then grew increasingly militaristic and expansionist, annexing Korea in 1910 and invading Manchuria in 1931. In Russia, the Bolshevik Revolution overthrew the Czarist government in 1917 and established the Soviet Union under Lenin and later Stalin. In Europe, Germany struggled with political instability and hyperinflation under the Weimar Republic, while Britain and France also faced economic troubles in the postwar period. The U.S. emerged as a new global power.
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The document discusses the origins of the crisis in Europe and the Middle East from 1900-1929. It covers the decline of the Ottoman Empire and rise of nationalism in the Balkans. It also discusses the new system of alliances between European powers that contributed to WWI. The war resulted in millions of casualties and the breakup of old empires. It led to new borders in Europe and the Middle East under the treaty system. However, tensions remained as Germany and other nations felt humiliated by the treaties. The document also outlines the rise of new nationalistic governments in Turkey and China in this unstable postwar environment.
J417 Ck Grids
The document summarizes key events in international relations from 1919 to 1939 following World War 1, including the Treaty of Versailles and the formation and failures of the League of Nations. It discusses the peace settlements imposed on Germany and its allies after WWI and rising militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s. It also covers the policy of appeasement in the 1930s by Britain and France towards German and Italian aggression and territorial expansion, culminating in Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939.
J417 Ck Grids
The document summarizes key events in international relations from 1919 to 1939 following World War 1, including the Treaty of Versailles and the formation and failures of the League of Nations. It discusses the peace settlements imposed on Germany and its allies after WWI and rising militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s. It also covers the policy of appeasement pursued by Britain and France toward Hitler as he remilitarized Germany and annexed territories like the Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and invaded Poland.
8 Austerity Withdraw From Empire
The document discusses post-World War 2 Europe, specifically the economic devastation in Britain and challenges facing the British Empire as it withdrew from colonies. It also covers France clinging to its empire in the face of growing nationalist movements. The Marshall Plan provided billions in aid to revive Western European economies and stabilize their political systems, countering Soviet influence. However, Britain squandered opportunities seeking to maintain great power status. The 1956 Suez Crisis marked the end of British and French dominance in the Middle East.
world war 2
World War II was a global military conflict between 1939-1945 that involved most nations. It began with Germany invading Poland in 1939. Germany allied with Italy and Japan to form the Axis powers, while Britain, France, and later the Soviet Union and United States formed the Allies. Key events included Germany conquering much of continental Europe, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor that drew the US into the war. Over 60 million people died making it the deadliest conflict in history, and new military technologies like rockets, jets, and nuclear weapons were developed and used.
Germnay chap one
The document provides an overview of the establishment and development of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933. It discusses the impact of World War 1 on Germany, the creation of the Weimar constitution, and the many political and economic challenges faced by the new republic in its early years from 1919 to 1923, including hyperinflation and challenges from both the left and right. It also summarizes the period of relative stability and prosperity from 1924 to 1929 under the leadership of Gustav Stresemann.
U6. interwar years & ww2
The document provides background information on the interwar period and World War 2. It discusses the Russian Revolution and establishment of the USSR. The Bolshevik revolution established a communist government led by Lenin that nationalized industries and abolished private property. A civil war ensued from 1918 to 1921 which the Red Army won, consolidating Bolshevik rule. Stalin later established a totalitarian dictatorship through policies like collectivization, industrialization and the Gulag system. The document also covers the rise of fascism in Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini as responses to economic crisis and a rejection of democracy.
Japan and imperialism
The document summarizes issues with the League of Nations, including the United States and Soviet Union not joining until later and lacking enforcement power. It also discusses conferences like the Five-Power Treaty regulating naval strength and the Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawing war. Militarism grew in Japan due to overpopulation and a need for resources. Emperor Hirohito had absolute rule while the military influenced policy. Tensions increased due to the Great Depression, Japan's invasions of China, and US embargoes in response. Hideki Tojo became prime minister in 1941 while consolidating military power.
118CHAPTEROUTLINE• WorldwideConflict• Western .docx
118
CHAPTER
OUTLINE
• Worldwide
Conflict
• Western Europe
on the Front Line
• Regional Conflicts
• International
and Regional
Convergence
Conflict and Convergence: 1945–19506
1943
Sartre’s Being and
Nothingness is
published
The “big three”
meet at Tehran
conference
1945
Yalta conference
is held
VE Day ends the
war in Europe
Potsdam
conference is held
VJ Day ends the
war in the Pacific
Ho Chi Minh
“decolonizes”
Vietnam
Korea is divided
into occupation
zones
The United
Nations is
founded
1946
The first
Indochina war
begins
Bretton Woods
system goes into
effect
Kennan writes the
“Long Telegram”
Churchill makes
“Iron Curtain”
speech
1947
India is
decolonized
India and
Pakistan are
created
UN Partition Plan
for Palestine is
approved
Truman Doctrine,
Marshall Plan,
and National
Security Act go
into effect in
United States
The “Red Scare”
takes hold in the
United States
1941
United States and
USSR join the
Allies
C H A P T E R T I M E L I N EC H A P T E R T I M E L I N E
The World in the 20th Century: A Thematic Approach, First Edition, by Stephanie A. Hallock. Published by Pearson.
Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
G
A
R
R
E
T
T
,
M
E
G
A
N
1
3
2
4
T
S
Photos from left to right: Vietminh troops
march into Hanoi, 1954; UN poster; The new
“big 3”; Family fleeing from square block of
Jewish occupied buildings in the Jewish
district of Jerusalem, February, 1948.
1948
Congress of
Europe meets
Gandhi is
assassinated
USSR blockades
Berlin, and United
States flies airlift
around it
The OAS is
established
State of Israel
is created and
recognized
The first Arab-
Israeli War begins
1949
Mao wins civil
war in China and
establishes PRC
Chinese
nationalists flee
to Taiwan
The German
Federal Republic
is created
NATO is
established
1950
Sino-Soviet Treaty
is signed
U.S. government
issues NSC-68
1955
Moscow creates
the Warsaw Pact
119
The World in the 20th Century: A Thematic Approach, First Edition, by Stephanie A. Hallock. Published by Pearson.
Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
G
A
R
R
E
T
T
,
M
E
G
A
N
1
3
2
4
T
S
Worldwide Conflict
The defining structural characteristic of the
latter half of the twentieth century was the
conflict between the two “superpowers” that
emerged at the end of World War II. After
thirty years of war and its consequences in
Europe, Germany’s and Italy’s military ca-
pacities were almost completely destroyed
and Great Britain’s and France’s had been
greatly diminished. What was left of Japan’s
military was being dismantled by the United
States during the Occupation, and China
was engaged in an intermittent civil war
from April 1927 through May 1950. By
1945, only the United States and USSR were
capable of fielding effective military ma-
chines, and the United States was clearly
leading in terms of military technology, proven by its use of the atomic bombs in Japan. The mil-
itary alliance these two countries forged to defeat fascism in World War ...
International relations recap
The document provides an overview of international relations and world wars. It defines key terms like world war and discusses the major Allied and Central powers in World War I and II. It outlines some of the major causes of each war such as nationalism, militarism, alliances, and the consequences of World War I like the Treaty of Versailles. Key events of both world wars are summarized such as invasions by the Axis powers and responses by Allied powers. The document also discusses the origins and impacts of the Cold War that followed World War II.
World War 1 & Nationalism
The document provides an overview of revolutions and the rise of nationalism between 1900-1939. It discusses the revolutions in Russia that led to Bolshevik rule, the collapse of imperial China and rise of nationalist and communist movements, and the growth of Indian nationalism and use of nonviolent civil disobedience tactics under Gandhi to oppose British rule and push for self-government. Key figures discussed include Lenin, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Gandhi. Political upheavals in these regions established new forms of government and laid the groundwork for independence movements.
Similar to Bolshevik revolution impact of war (20)
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The world between wars and drives for empire@2011 04-13 t22;14;33
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118CHAPTEROUTLINE• WorldwideConflict• Western .docx
118CHAPTEROUTLINE• WorldwideConflict• Western .docx
More from Kent Hansen
The great war
The document summarizes the origins and key events of World War I. Rising international tensions due to imperialism, nationalism, and military buildup contributed to the outbreak of war. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited the powder keg of alliances, pulling countries into war. The war became a stalemate and dragged on for years with new weapons and unprecedented casualties on both sides. Germany was ultimately defeated in 1918 and faced severe consequences in the Treaty of Versailles.
Cold war era
The document outlines key events of the Cold War era including the Cuban Missile Crisis where Khrushchev wanted to challenge JFK and remove US influence from Berlin, leading to the closest confrontation between the US and Soviet Union. It also discusses the spread of communism through the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the building of the Berlin Wall to stop East German emigration, and the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 as Gorbachev lost support and republics declared independence. Other global events during this period included Indian independence, the creation of Israel, conflicts in the Middle East, and increasing globalization.
Chapter 31 wwii
The document summarizes key events leading up to World War 2 in Europe, including Japan's invasion of Manchuria, Italy's conquest of Ethiopia, and Germany's remilitarization and annexation of territories in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. It then details Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 and swift defeat of the country, followed by Germany's conquest of Denmark, Norway, France, and much of Western Europe in 1940. Britain resisted Germany in the Battle of Britain. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union but became bogged down in the siege of Stalingrad, leading to major Soviet victories and the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany by Allied forces invading from the west in 1944-1945.
Chapter 29 the road to wwii
The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany in the early 20th century. It describes how economic struggles led to Mussolini rising to power in Italy. In Germany, the unstable Weimar Republic struggled with inflation and debt following WWI. Adolf Hitler gained popularity by blaming Germany's problems on Jews and communists. He became Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power, establishing a fascist dictatorship. The Nazi party pursued aggressive rearmament and persecution of Jews, culminating in the "Final Solution" plan during WWII.
Chaper 26 reaction and nationalism
The document discusses political developments in several European countries in the 19th century. It describes how nationalism grew after the Napoleonic Wars and led to the unification of Italy and Germany. For Italy, it discusses Count Cavour's diplomacy that helped create a united Italy by 1861. For Germany, it outlines Bismarck's strategic wars that defeated Denmark, Austria, and France, allowing Prussia to unite most German states by 1871. It also discusses the establishment of the dual monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1867 in response to revolutions in 1848. For Russia, it notes Alexander II's reforms like emancipating serfs but also increased revolutionary sentiments, leading his successor Alexander III to implement harsher policies
Chapter 25 democracy and reform
Democratic reforms spread through England in the 19th century, establishing principles like merit-based government positions, adjusted voting districts, and workers' rights. France experienced repeated political upheavals, overthrowing King Charles X in 1830 after he tried to restore absolutism, and King Louis Philippe in 1848, leading to the rise of Louis Napoleon. Multiple wars weakened France, including defeat by Prussia in 1870, while internal conflicts included the revolutionary Paris Commune being crushed in 1871. The Dreyfus Affair trial divided France along anti-Semitic and pro-Jewish lines but demonstrated the stability of the new Third Republic.
Chapter 24 cultural revolution
This document summarizes major economic, social, scientific, and cultural developments that occurred during the 1800s. It discusses the rise of capitalist ideas with thinkers like Adam Smith and the emergence of socialism with Karl Marx. Significant scientific advancements are noted, including the theories of evolution, genetics, vaccines, and atomic theory. Socially, it describes the abolition of slavery in Britain, new worker protections, population growth, urbanization, and expanded education and leisure activities. In art, the document outlines the Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, and Postimpressionism movements.
Chapter 22 the french revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to growing discontent with the privileges of the nobility and clergy under the Old Regime. The Third Estate demanded political representation and equality, leading them to form the National Assembly. On July 14th, mobs stormed the Bastille prison, beginning widespread violence. The Revolution abolished the monarchy and established a republic, executing King Louis XVI. However, internal unrest and war with other European nations led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as dictator in 1799 and formed a vast empire before his defeat in 1812-1815.
Chapter 21 english civil war
The English Revolution occurred due to opposition to the increasingly absolute rule of the Crown. Under Elizabeth I, Parliament gained power, but James I and Charles I both believed in the divine right of kings and repeatedly dissolved Parliament over taxation issues. This led to the English Civil War between Charles I and the Puritan-led Parliament, culminating in Charles' execution in 1649. Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector until 1660, when the monarchy was restored under Charles II with constitutional limits on the king's power. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 established Parliament as the primary ruler and required future monarchs to be Protestants.
Chapter 20 scientific revolution
The document summarizes key aspects of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment period in Europe. It discusses early scientific theories from Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler that challenged the geocentric model. Isaac Newton then used the scientific method and mathematics to develop theories of gravity and expand on earlier work. During the Enlightenment, philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau applied principles of reason and natural rights to critique traditions and argue for reforms. This period saw advances in fields like philosophy, science, and political thought that emphasized rational thought over religious authority and tradition.
Reformation
This document summarizes some of the key events of the Protestant Reformation in Europe between the 16th-17th centuries, including Martin Luther nailing his 95 Theses and being excommunicated, the establishment of the Church of England under Henry VIII and Edward VI, the spread of Calvinism under John Calvin in Switzerland, the Catholic Reformation and Council of Trent, and the political and religious divisions that emerged between Catholic and Protestant states.
Northern renaissance
The Renaissance spread from Italy to Northern Europe in the 15th century after the Hundred Years' War ended. It began in Flanders and was influenced by wealthy rulers who employed Italian artists. Northern Renaissance art had more Christian themes and a focus on realism, as seen in the works of Flemish painters. The printing press also spread ideas. Northern Humanism, exemplified by Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More, focused more on Christianity and education reform than classical texts. Erasmus criticized the exorbitance of church leaders in his book "The Praise of Folly". Shakespeare lived in Elizabethan England and performed at the Globe Theatre, drawing from classics but focusing on human flaws and emotions.
Italian renaissance
The document summarizes key aspects of the Italian Renaissance, including that Italy's location, Roman ruins, and isolated city-states contributed to its emergence. A shift to humanism renewed classical thinking and emphasized education and the individual. Humanist literature focused on personal feelings and ambition. Powerful families ruled independent city-states engaged in diplomacy rather than war. Florence and Rome became cultural centers, with Florence supporting the arts under the Medicis and Rome rebuilt by the wealthy Pope. The Renaissance arts mixed classical and biblical themes and were greatly influenced by humanism.
Chapter 19 royal power and conflict
This document provides an overview of the monarchies in Europe during the Age of Absolutism. It discusses several key monarchs including Philip II of Spain, Elizabeth I of England, Louis XIV of France, and the conflicts between Protestant and Catholic states in the German territories. The main points covered are Philip II's rule over Spain from 1556-1598 and his religious persecution policies, the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, Louis XIV's consolidation of power in France through policies like the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and the devastation caused by the Thirty Years War in the German states from 1618-1648.
Chapter 17 early explorations
Europeans explored the world in the 15th-16th centuries seeking new trade routes to Asia and its riches. Portugal pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa. Under Spain, Columbus landed in the Caribbean in 1492 thinking he reached Asia. Magellan proved in 1522 that the world was round by circumnavigating it and establishing no direct western route to Asia existed. Portugal dominated trade in Africa and India, while Spain sought wealth and conversion in the Americas, conquering the Aztecs and Incas. The Atlantic slave trade developed to support colonial economies through a trade triangle of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The Columbian Exchange resulted in new global trade and the spread of crops, diseases, and ideas worldwide
Chapter 6 the roman republic
The document provides an overview of the history of ancient Rome from its founding through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how the Greeks and Etruscans influenced early Rome and the establishment of the Roman Republic. Key events included the Punic Wars with Carthage and the rise of powerful individuals like Julius Caesar which contributed to the transition from Republic to Empire. The Roman Empire reached its height under strong emperors before experiencing instability, economic problems, and invasions from barbarian groups which ultimately led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
Chapter 5 height of greek civilization
The document discusses several aspects of ancient Greek culture. It describes how the Parthenon was a prime example of Greek architecture and how Greeks excelled at sculpting the human form. It also discusses important Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and how they established foundations for fields like logic, science, and political science. Finally, it summarizes the career of Alexander the Great, how he conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture throughout his realm, establishing many new cities including the important city of Alexandria.
Chapter 4 rise of ancient greece
Greece is a mountainous land of peninsulas and thousands of islands where the Minoans and Mycenaeans established early civilizations. The Greeks developed a polytheistic religion and cultural traditions like drama and the Olympics. City-states called poleis emerged, each centered around an acropolis and temple. Athens and Sparta grew to dominate as rival powers - Athens established a direct democracy while Sparta focused on its powerful military. The Persian Wars united the Greeks against invasion, and a Golden Age followed for Athens under Pericles' leadership, but the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta weakened Greece.
Chapter 13 height of medieval europe
By the 11th century, Christians blamed Jews for their problems and some church leaders required Jews to wear identifying badges. Many Jews were forced from their land and became peddlers and money lenders, with many moving to Eastern Europe. The Crusades began in 1095 when the Pope called knights and peasants to take back the Holy Land from Muslim rule. On their way to Jerusalem, Crusaders killed many Jews and massacred most residents when they conquered the city. Subsequent Crusades failed to retake lost land. The Crusades had lasting effects, including strengthening monarch power in Europe and opening new trade routes after Europeans were exposed to Muslim and Byzantine knowledge.
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Bolshevik revolution impact of war
- 1. Land of the Rising Sun Ch. 12 Sec. 2 pp.376-379 Ch. 15 Sec. 4 pp. 481-482
- 2. Years of Isolation Isolated and unchanged for 200 yrs Homogenous society Tightly controlled by Shoguns Admiral Perry (1853) Treaty of Knagawa (1854) PUCCINI-1904
- 3. Meiji Restoration Mutsuhito forces modernization Western Influence Germany-Gov’t and Army British-Navy U.S.A.-Education Infrastructure and Trade
- 4. Imperial Japan Strong Military Sino-Japanese War (1894) Russo-Japanese War (1904) Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) Annexation of Korea (1910) 1920’s see a more democratic Japan 1922-Treaty to respect China borders Kellogg-Briand Pact renounces war (1928)
- 5. Japanese Militarism Depression of 1929 Gov’t blamed, Military seizes control Emperor Hirohito glorified through extreme nationalism Planned to fix economy through foreign expansion Seized Manchuria in 1931 Left League of Nations (1933) Rape of Nanjing (1937)
- 7. Russia In Turmoil 1850-1900 Crimean War (1854) Alexander III Russification Pogroms NihlismPopulismMarxism
- 8. Social Unrest Embarrassment of Russo-Japanese War 1905 Riots “Bloody Sunday” Jan. 22, 1905 Gov’t unable to help Slavs Centuries of serfdom and industrialization had severed society
- 9. Russia in WWI 25% of army did not have guns All food and resources went to the military Czar Nicholas II lost support of people Riots forced Czar abdication March Revolutions (1917) Unsuccessful provisional gov’t put in place P. 437 Rasputin
- 10. “Peace, Land, and Bread” Germany sends Lenin to Russia Bolsheviks overthrow gov’t and declare a communist state Brest-Livotsk Treaty 1918 Civil war (1918-1920) Red-Bolsheviks Whites-Conservatives Created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922 Dictatorship of Communism-1924
- 11. Joseph Stalin Rose through party Gained power in 1928 Exiled Leon Trotsky Implemented Totalitarianism (p.441) Police Terror Indoctrination Propaganda and Censorship Religious/Ethnic Persecution Economic Reforms
- 12. Life after the War
- 13. Great Britain Great Britain lost its economic position after the war Britain had civil unrest among the workers due to high unemployment (India) Ireland gains independence in 1921
- 14. France WWI destroyed much of France Economic troubles prevented France from rebuilding quickly Political struggles erupted between Fascists and Socialists Built the Maginot Line
- 15. United States U.S. replaced G.B. as new great power Loaned money to European countries to rebuild (Dawes Plan) Overproduction and low demand lead to stock market crash-1929
- 18. Weimar Republic Treaty of Versailles embarrassed Germany and created civil unrest Dolchtoss Theory Political instability Article 48-gave president rule for 4 months Reichstag-480 members voted for a party 15 national elections between 1921-1926 7 major political parties SPD (Socialists) had control and voted on Treaty Reichstag
- 19. Economic Unrest Reparations prevent growth High Unemployment France occupation of Ruhr region German Inflation 1914- 4.2 Reichmarks (R.M)=$1 1919- 8.9 R.M. = $1 1923-130 Billion R.M. = $1 1924- 4.2 Trillion R.M. = $1
- 20. Dawes Plan U.S. fears other countries won’t pay loans and rise of socialism Restructured reparations and gave Germany loans to rebuild 1925-1929 saw golden years of Weimar under Hindenburg Stability weakens influence of extremist political parties