The English Renaissance spanned from 1485-1660 and was split into two periods. The Elizabethan period from 1485-1603 was ruled by five monarchs including Elizabeth I, under whom England attained new heights. The Jacobean period from 1603-1625 began under King James I and saw the rise of Protestantism and humanism, questioning religious authority. This era saw advances in the arts and sciences as well as global exploration including Columbus' voyage in 1492.

1. English Renaissance 1485-1660

2. A time of “rebirth” Two periods: The Elizabethan (1485-1603) The Jacobean (1603-1660)

3. Elizabeth Period Five monarchs Henry VII (1485-1509) Henry VIII (1509-1547) Edward VI (1547-1553) Mary I (1553-1558) Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

4. The term “Elizabethan Period” Ruled longer than any other monarch during the Renaissance Attained new heights in world affairs, in art, in literature, in music

5. The term “Jacobean Period” Left no heirs Succeeded by son of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots: James IV of Scotland Became King James I of England Ruled from 1603-1625

6. Humanism New way of looking at the world Questioning of authority and faith Rise of rationalism and skepticism Emphasis from religious to secular matters Great thinkers: Erasmus and More

7. Renaissance beginning Began in Italy in fourteenth century Was a time of rebirth of intellectual and artistic energies that characterized ancient Greek and Roman civilization

8. Beginnings (Continued) Famous Italians Petrach and Boccacio, writers Giotto, painter Brunelleschi, architecht Donatelle, sculptor Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, artists

9. Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) Encouraged intellectual trends and artistic accomplishments Encouraged the goals of Renaissance Humanism Emphasized the capacities of the human mind and the achievement of human culture

10. Other Renaissance accomplishments in the world Territorial exploration and discovery Columbus in 1492 Sir Thomas More, center of an active and brilliant circle of English Humanists More’s Utopia (1516), first literary masterpiece of the English Renaissance Copernicus and Galileo, forerunners of modern astronomy

11. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther, Ninety-Five Theses, Wittenberg, Germany King Henry VIII, no divorce by Pope Anglican church

12. Succession after Henry VIII Edward, nine-year-old son Death after five years Half-sister Mary (daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon) Half-Spanish and a devout Catholic Reign of terror (“Bloody Mary”)

13. Succession (Continued) Death after five years (1558) Half-sister Elizabeth (daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn) Twenty-five Accomplished linguist and poet Clever diplomat and shrewd politician

14. Most powerful nation Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 Smaller and more maneuverable ships Storm Control of the seas

15. Entertainment First public theater near London in 1576 Closing of theaters in 1593-94 because of plague Public outcry; reopening of theaters

16. Jacobean Era 1603-1625 King James I King James version of the Bible Puritans, dissenting beliefs

17. End of Jacobean Era Death in 1625 Ascension of King James I’s son Charles Civil war Puritan movement Oliver Cromwell, commander of the Parliamentary forces (Ironsides, Roundheads

18. End of Jacobean Era (continued) Beheading of Charles I Establishment of Protectorate with Cromwell at the head Military dictatorship 1653-1658 Death of Cromwell (1658)

19. “Restoration” of the monarchy Return of Charles II as king (1660) Election of Parliament Beginning of new era

20. References Adventures in English Literature (1985). United States: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich Inc. 99-118. Commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Holbein-erasmus2.jpg Commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_il__Magnifico En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_i_of_england The Renaissance 1485-1660. Elements of Literature Sixth Course (1993). United States: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 165-186. The Renaissance 1485-1660. Elements of Literature Sixth Course (2000). United States: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 190-212. Unit 3: The Renaissance (1485-1660). McDougal, Littel Literature Purple Level (1985). Evanston, IL: McDougal, Littel. College Notes (1967) and common knowledge *I have been using these notes since the mid-eighties with modifications over the course of time! All slides created by JB Hale.