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Chapter 2.1 Plate Tectonics
The document discusses plate tectonics and the evidence that supports continental drift. It explains that continents move as parts of tectonic plates, and describes the three types of plate boundaries: constructive where plates diverge, destructive where they converge, and conservative where they slide past each other. Examples are given of associated geological features like mid-ocean ridges, trenches, volcanoes and mountains. The movement of plates causes earthquakes and shapes the Earth's surface over time.
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Chapter 2.1 Plate Tectonics
- 1. Chapter 2: PlateTectonics
- 2. Layers of theEarth
- 3. Layers of theEarth Denser Basaltic Rocks
- 4. Layers of theEarth Denser Less dense Basaltic Granitic Rocks Rocks
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10. Evidences • Geological Evidence:Edges of continents fit like a jig-saw
- 11. Evidences • Geological Evidence:Edges of continents fit like a jig-saw • Biological Evidence: Fossils & Imprints of plants
- 12. Evidences • Geological Evidence:Edges of continents fit like a jig-saw • Biological Evidence: Fossils & Imprints of plants • Climate Based Evidence: Glaciation
- 14. So does ourearth still move today?
- 15. So does ourearth still move today? How will earth look like in the future?
- 16. What’s wrong withWegener’s theory of Continental Drift?
- 17. What’s wrong withWegener’s theory of Continental Drift?
- 18. What’s wrong withWegener’s theory of Continental Drift? • Continents do NOT move.
- 19. What’s wrong withWegener’s theory of Continental Drift? • Continents do NOT move. • It is the tectonic (crustal) plates that consist of both oceanic and continental crusts that moves.
- 20. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics
- 21. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics • Tectonic (Crustal) Plates:
- 22. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics • Tectonic (Crustal) Plates: • Consist of both continental and oceanic crusts.
- 23. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics • Tectonic (Crustal) Plates: • Consist of both continental and oceanic crusts. • Plate Tectonics:
- 24. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics • Tectonic (Crustal) Plates: • Consist of both continental and oceanic crusts. • Plate Tectonics: • How plates move
- 25. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics • Tectonic (Crustal) Plates: • Consist of both continental and oceanic crusts. • Plate Tectonics: • How plates move • Why they move
- 26. Tectonic Plates vs. Plate Tectonics • Tectonic (Crustal) Plates: • Consist of both continental and oceanic crusts. • Plate Tectonics: • How plates move • Why they move • How the movement changes the physical landscape
- 28.
- 29. Plate Boundaries &Movements
- 30. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries
- 31. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart)
- 32. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force
- 33. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force • 2. Destructive plate boundaries
- 34. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force • 2. Destructive plate boundaries • Convergent (Move towards)
- 35. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force • 2. Destructive plate boundaries • Convergent (Move towards) • Compressional force
- 36. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force • 2. Destructive plate boundaries • Convergent (Move towards) • Compressional force • 3. Conservative plate boundaries
- 37. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force • 2. Destructive plate boundaries • Convergent (Move towards) • Compressional force • 3. Conservative plate boundaries • Transform (Slide past)
- 38. Plate Boundaries &Movements • 1. Constructive plate boundaries • Divergent (Move apart) • Tensional force • 2. Destructive plate boundaries • Convergent (Move towards) • Compressional force • 3. Conservative plate boundaries • Transform (Slide past) • Frictional force
- 39. Physical features inthe World
- 40. Physical features inthe World Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 41. Physical features inthe World East African Rift Valley Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 42. Physical features inthe World East African Rift Valley Andes Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 43. Physical features inthe World Rockies East African Rift Valley Andes Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 44. Physical features inthe World Himalayas Rockies East African Rift Valley Andes Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 45. Physical features inthe World St. Andrea’s Fault Himalayas Rockies East African Rift Valley Andes Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 46. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries Sea Floor Spreading Plates diverges & pulls apart
- 47. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries
- 48. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries
- 49. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts
- 50. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Ridges.
- 51. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Ridges. • Eg. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
- 52. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Ridges. • Eg. Mid-Atlantic Ridge • Sometimes lava fountains are found in the middle of the ridges.
- 53. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries
- 54. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Continental- Continental Crusts
- 55. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Continental- Continental Crusts
- 56. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Continental- Continental Crusts • Rift Valleys
- 57. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Continental- Continental Crusts • Rift Valleys • Eg. East African Rift Valley
- 58. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Continental- Continental Crusts • Rift Valleys • Eg. East African Rift Valley • Magma rises and squeezes through the widening cracks, sometimes to erupt and form volcanoes.
- 59. 1. Constructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Continental- Continental Crusts • Rift Valleys • Eg. East African Rift Valley • Magma rises and squeezes through the widening cracks, sometimes to erupt and form volcanoes. • The rising magma puts more pressure on the crust to produce additional fractures and, ultimately, the rift zone.
- 60. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries Plates converges & collide
- 61. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 62. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 63. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 64. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts
- 65. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains
- 66. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains • Eg. Andes
- 67. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains • Eg. Andes • Trench
- 68. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains • Eg. Andes • Trench • Eg. Peru-Chile Trench
- 69. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains • Eg. Andes • Trench • Eg. Peru-Chile Trench • Earthquakes
- 70. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains • Eg. Andes • Trench • Eg. Peru-Chile Trench • Earthquakes
- 71. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #1: Oceanic-Continental Crusts • Mountains • Eg. Andes • Trench • Eg. Peru-Chile Trench • Earthquakes
- 72. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 73. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 74. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 75. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts
- 76. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Oceanic trenches
- 77. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Oceanic trenches • Eg. Marianas Trench
- 78. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Oceanic trenches • Eg. Marianas Trench • Volcanic islands Island Arcs
- 79. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Oceanic trenches • Eg. Marianas Trench • Volcanic islands Island Arcs • Hawaiian Islands
- 80. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #2: Oceanic-Oceanic Crusts • Oceanic trenches • Eg. Marianas Trench • Volcanic islands Island Arcs • Hawaiian Islands • Earthquakes
- 81. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 82. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 83. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 84. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 85. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries
- 86. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #3: Continental-Continental Crusts
- 87. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #3: Continental-Continental Crusts • Fold Mountains
- 88. 2. Destructive Plate Boundaries • Case #3: Continental-Continental Crusts • Fold Mountains • Eg. Himalayas
- 90. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries Plates slide past each other
- 91. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries
- 92. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries
- 93. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries
- 94. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries • Fault lines
- 95. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries • Fault lines • Eg. St. Andreas Fault, San Francisco
- 96. 3. Conservative Plate Boundaries • Fault lines • Eg. St. Andreas Fault, San Francisco • Earthquakes
- 97. Dynamic movements of tectonic plates