Plate tectonics refers to the theory that the Earth's crust is divided into plates that constantly move atop the mantle. The plates are composed of rigid tectonic plates that move relative to one another, riding on top of the hotter, softer mantle material. There are three main types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart and new crust is generated, convergent where plates collide and one slides under the other, and transform where plates slide past one another. The movement and interaction of tectonic plates causes earthquakes and creates geologic features like ocean basins, mountains, volcanoes, and ocean trenches.
Chapter 2. Identifying the inquiry and stating the problem (Practical Researc...Cristy Ann Subala
The learner...
1. designs a research useful in daily life. CS_RS12-Id-e-1
2. writes a research title. CS_RS12-Id-e-2
3. describes background of research. CS_RS12-Id-e-3
4. states research questions. CS_RS12-Id-e-4
5. indicates scope and delimitation of study. CS_RS12-Id-e-5
6. cites benefits and beneficiaries of study . CS_RS12-Id-e-6
7. presents written statement of the problem . CS_RS12-Id-e-7
This report is about the convection current and the processes involved in this phenomena. This also includes a jingle (with lyrics) on the first part so that people could remember what theories are related to convection current and most importantly how it happends.
Chapter 2. Identifying the inquiry and stating the problem (Practical Researc...Cristy Ann Subala
The learner...
1. designs a research useful in daily life. CS_RS12-Id-e-1
2. writes a research title. CS_RS12-Id-e-2
3. describes background of research. CS_RS12-Id-e-3
4. states research questions. CS_RS12-Id-e-4
5. indicates scope and delimitation of study. CS_RS12-Id-e-5
6. cites benefits and beneficiaries of study . CS_RS12-Id-e-6
7. presents written statement of the problem . CS_RS12-Id-e-7
This report is about the convection current and the processes involved in this phenomena. This also includes a jingle (with lyrics) on the first part so that people could remember what theories are related to convection current and most importantly how it happends.
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed over 4 billion years ago.[24][25][26] Earth's gravity interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon, Earth's only natural satellite. Earth revolves around the Sun in 365.26 days, a period known as an Earth year. During this time, Earth rotates about its axis about 366.26 times.[n 5]
Earth's axis of rotation is tilted, producing seasonal variations on the planet's surface.[27] The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides, stabilizes the Earth's orientation on its axis, and gradually slows its rotation.[28] Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.
Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, mostly by oceans.[29] The remaining 29% is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes, rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Earth's polar regions are covered in ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics.
Within the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago. Since then, the combination of Earth's distance from the Sun, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive.[30][31] In the history of the Earth, biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. Over 99% of all species[32] that ever lived on Earth are extinct.[33][34] Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely;[35][36][37] most species have not been described.[38] Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and natural resources for their survival. Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures; politically, the world has about 200 sovereign states.
GOAL: To create a poster that explains the phenomena of blue sky using the concept of wavelength and frequency of visible light.
SITUATION: As the creative head in the science club of Macasandig National High School, you are tasked to create a poster showcasing the phenomena of blue sky on Science Club bulletin board.
PRODUCT: A creative poster explains the phenomena of blue sky. The poster should be in 1/8 illustration board.
faults generate earthquakes.
S8ES-IIa- 14
Objectives:
1. Describe what fault is and how these faults related to earthquakes.
2. Determine the extent of damage an earthquake can do in a particular location.
Article Reading
Earthquake wreaks havoc in the Philippines more than 1,000 people are killed when a 7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes Luzon Island in the Philippines on this day in 1990. The massive tremor wreaked havoc across a sizeable portion of Luzon, the country’s largest island, with Baguio City suffering the most devastating effects.
The epicenter of the quake, which struck at 4:26 p.m., was north of Manila in the Nueva Ecija province. Reports indicate that the shaking went on for nearly a full minute. Collapsing buildings were the main cause of damage and death. Getting out of a multi-story building was a good safety precaution that afternoon, although many people were injured and a few even died in stampedes of others doing the same thing.
At Christian College, a six-story building completely collapsed, trapping approximately 250 students and teachers inside. Heroic rescue efforts saved many, but some victims who did not die in the collapse were found dead later from dehydration because they were not pulled out in time.
All types of buildings, including several resort hotels in Baguio, known as the
Philippines’ Summer Capital, suffered tremendous damage. Most of the city’s 100,000
residents slept outdoors that evening and during the following week, afraid to return to
their homes amid the frequent aftershocks. For days, workers pulled bodies from the
demolished buildings in Baguio. The best estimate is that 1,000 bodies were eventually
recovered. At least another 1,000 people suffered serious injuries. Rescue efforts were
hampered severely because the three main roads into the city were blocked by landslides. Hundreds of motorists were stranded on the roads as well.
A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of
rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other.
This movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. Most faults produce repeated displacements over geologic time.
The ground in the area of fault tends to remain not moving
because of frictional force between the two opposing plates (boxes). As stronger forces (rubber band) shakes up the fault, the friction (tape) can no longer hold up the plates (box) thus resulting to a slip in the plates t
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Plate Tectonics
The theory that the Earth’s outermost layer is
fragmented into a dozen or more large and
small plates that move relative to one another
as they ride on top of hotter, more mobile
material.
2. What Are Tectonic Plates?
• A plate is a large, rigid slab of
solid rock.
– Plates are formed from the
lithosphere: the crust and the
upper part of the mantle.
• The plates “float” on the slowly
flowing asthenosphere: the
lower part of the mantle.
• The plates include both the
land and ocean floor.
• The Mohoriovicic discontinuity
or Moho is the boundary
between the crust and the
mantle.
3. What Drives Plate Tectonics?
• The slow movement of hot,
softened mantle lies below
rigid plates.
• The hot, softened rock in the
mantle moves in a circular
manner in a convection flow
– the heated, molten rock
rises to the surface,
spreads, and begins to cool,
and then sinks back down to
be reheated and rises again.
5. Movement of the Plates
Over Time
Permian
248 million years ago
Triassic
206 million years ago
Jurassic
206 million years ago
Cretaceous
65 million years ago
Present Day
9. Different Types of Boundaries
• Convergent boundaries come together
– Places where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under
another
• Divergent boundaries spread apart
– Places where new crust is generated as the plates pull away
from each other
– New crust is created from magma pushing up from the
mantle
• Transform boundaries slide against each other
– Places where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as
the plates slide horizontally past each other
10. Oceanic-Continental Convergence
• The oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate because it has lower
density.
• The oceanic Nazca Plate is being subducted under the continental part of
the South American Plate.
• The South American Plate is being lifted up, creating the Andes mountains.
• Strong, destructive earthquakes and rapid uplift of mountain ranges are
common in this region.
• These earthquakes are often accompanied by uplift of the land by as much
as a few meters.
• Mount Saint Helens is along the subduction zone of the Juan de Fuca plate
(an oceanic plate) and the North American plate (a continental plate).
Oceanic – Continental Convergence
11. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
• When two oceanic plates converge,
one is usually subducted under the
other.
• An older oceanic plate is colder,
therefore more dense and less
buoyant, and will subduct under a
younger, hotter, less dense, and
more buoyant oceanic plate.
• In the process, a trench is formed.
– The deepest trenches in the
oceans are along oceanic-
oceanic subduction zones (i.e.,
the Marianas Trench in the
Pacific, which is deeper than
Mt. Everest is high).
• Subduction in oceanic-oceanic plate
convergence can result in the
formation of volcanoes.
• Examples of oceanic-oceanic
convergence are the arcuate chains
of islands in the southwest Pacific,
Japan, and the Aleutian Islands.
Oceanic – Oceanic Convergence
12. Continental-Continental Convergence
Continental – Continental Convergence
• When two continents meet head-on,
neither is subducted because the
continental rocks are relatively light and,
like two colliding icebergs, resist downward
motion.
• Instead, the crust tends to buckle and be
pushed upward or sideways.
The collision between the Indian and
Eurasian plates has pushed up the
Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.
13. Continental-Continental Convergence
• 50 million years ago, the
Indian Plate collided into the
Eurasian Plate.
• After the collision, the slow
continuous convergence of the
two plates over millions of
years pushed up the Himalaya
and the Tibetan Plateau to
their present heights.
• The Himalaya form the highest
continental mountains in the
world.
14. Divergence
• Divergent boundaries occur
along spreading centers where
plates are moving apart and new
crust is created by magma
pushing up from the mantle.
• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a
divergent boundary.
• Sea-floor spreading over the
past 100 to 200 million years has
caused the Atlantic Ocean to grow
from a tiny inlet of water between
the continents of Europe, Africa,
and the Americas into the ocean
that exists today.
15. Divergence
• Iceland is splitting along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the North
American and Eurasian Plates, as North America moves westward
relative to Eurasia.
• In East Africa, spreading processes have already torn Saudi Arabia
away from the rest of the African continent, forming the Red Sea.
• The actively splitting African Plate and the Arabian Plate meet in
what geologists call a triple junction, where the Red Sea meets the
Gulf of Aden.
16. Transform
• The zone between two plates that
slide
past one another is called a
transform-fault boundary, or
transform boundary.
• These large faults connect two
spreading centers or connect
trenches.
• Most transform faults are found on
the ocean floor.
17. Transform
• The San Andreas Fault is
one of the few transform
faults exposed on land.
– It connects the East
Pacific Rise, a divergent
boundary to the south, with
the Juan de Fuca Ridge, a
divergent boundary to the
north.
– Most earthquakes in
California are caused by
the accumulation and
release of strain as the two
plates slide past each
other.
18. Consequences of Plate Tectonics
• Earthquakes and volcanic activity are linked to plate
tectonic processes.
• The Ring of Fire is the most seismically and volcanically
active zone in the world.
19. Consequences of Plate Tectonics
The San Andreas Fault – a
transform fault
Aerial view of the area around Thingvellir, Iceland,
showing a fissure zone (in shadow) that is an on-land
exposure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Right of the fissure,
the North American Plate is pulling westward away from
the Eurasian Plate (left of fissure).
20. Consequences of Plate Tectonics
The Aleutian Islands, an island arc The 1980 eruption of Mount
Saint Helens
21. Consequences of Plate Tectonics
The convergence of the Nazca and South American Plates
has deformed and pushed up limestone strata to form
towering peaks of the Andes, as seen here in the
Pachapaqui mining area in Peru.
Helicopter view (in February 1994) of the active
lava lake within the summit crater of 'Erta 'Ale
(Ethiopia), one of the active volcanoes in the
East African Rift Zone.
22. References
• Understanding Plate Motions. USGS.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/unde
rstanding.html
• Plate Movement. OptIPuter Outreach.
http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/teacher
s/platemovement.html
• Plate Tectonics. The Way the Earth Works.
LHS GEMS, 2002.