This document contains a quiz over various topics in general chemistry, atomic chemistry, and water chemistry. It includes 50 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of subatomic particles, chemical bonding, acids and bases, isotopes, and other foundational chemistry concepts. For each question, the correct answer is provided.

1. Atomic Chem General Chem Water Chem
Energy
Misc.
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2. What 2 subatomic
particles are contained in
an atom’s nucleus?
2

3. Protons and Neutrons
3

4. What two subatomic particles
must differ in number in order
to have an ion?
4

5. Protons and Electrons
5

6. The atomic number of
an element is always the
same as the number of
this subatomic particle.
6

7. Protons = Atomic Number
This is why you look for the
number of protons when you are
identifying an atom on a drawing
7

8. What do you call atoms of an
element that contain different
numbers of neutrons?
Example: carbon-12 and
carbon-14
8

9. Isotopes
9

10. Strontium (Sr) has a mass
number of 88. Give the
number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons in an atom of
Strontium.
10

11. Protons = 38
Electrons = 38
Neutrons = 50
11

12. How many valence
electrons does an atom
of phosphorus (P) have?
12

13. 5 valence electrons
(Remember: Phosphorus is
found in Group or Column VA)
13

14. _______________ are
made up of atoms of
two or more elements in
fixed proportions.
14

15. Compounds
15

16. Why are the noble gases stable?
16

17. A noble gas is stable because its
outer electron energy level is
full (has maximum number of
valence electrons).
17

18. Na2CO3 is the chemical formula
for sodium carbonate. How
many atoms of each element
are present in sodium
carbonate?
18

19. Na = 2
C=1
O=3
19

20. Differentiate between covalent
and ionic bonds. Hint: What
is going on with the electrons
in each type of bond?
20

21. •In covalent bonds, electrons are
shared.
•In ionic bonds, one atom donates
its electrons, becoming a positive
ion. The other atom accepts the
electrons, becoming a negative ion.
The ions of opposite charges are
then attracted to one another.
21

22. Water is referred to as a
__________ molecule because
it has an unequal distribution of
electrical charge.
22

23. polar
23

24. What is the term for water
molecules being attracted to any
other substance? Hint: This is
what happened when we
dropped water on the glass slide.
24

25. Adhesion
25

26. Do lipids dissolve in water?
26

27. No! Lipids do not dissolve in
water because they are nonpolar.
Ionic compounds and polar
molecules dissolve best in water.
27

28. Did the paperclip float?
Explain what water properties
contributed to the results we
saw in the lab.
28

29. It did not float. It sat on top of
the water due to water’s surface
tension. Surface tension is the
result of cohesion between
water molecules. Cohesion or
sticking together of water
molecules is caused by
hydrogen bonding.
29

30. Differentiate between acids and
bases. Hint: What ions are
released in water and what are
their pH values.
30

31. •Acids form H+ when dissolved in
water which combine with H2O to
+
+
form H3O . Acids have more H3O
than OH . They have pH values
below 7.
•Bases form OH- ions when
dissolved in water. Bases have more
OH- than H3O+. They have pH values
above 7.
31

32. Define energy
32

33. The ability to do work.
33

34. What is the name for the
starting materials in chemical
reactions?
What is the name of the newly
formed substances in chemical
reactions?
34

35. Reactants = starting materials
Products = newly formed
substances
35

36. What name is given to the
energy needed to start a
chemical reaction?
36

37. Activation energy
37

38. Define an enzyme
(what does it do?)
38

39. Enzymes are biological
catalysts that increase the speed
of chemical reactions.
Catalysts reduce the activation
energy of a chemical reaction.
39

40. Name the 4 types of Energy in
Biological Systems
40

41. Chemical Energy
Thermal Energy
Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
41

42. What is defined as, “anything
that occupies space and has
mass”?
42

43. Matter
43

44. What are the weak
interactions that allow water
to cohere and adhere?
44

45. Hydrogen Bonds
45

46. What is a strong bond in which
valence electrons are shared?
Name the 3 types of these
bonds
46

47. Covalent Bond
Single covalent bond
(2 electrons shared)
Double covalent bond
(4 electrons shared)
Triple covalent bond
(6 electrons shared)
47

48. Describe the difference between
the 3 isotopes of Carbon
Carbon-12
Carbon-13
Carbon-14
48

49. All 3 isotopes of carbon have 6
protons, but they differ in their
number of neutrons.
Carbon-12 (6 neutrons)
Carbon-13 (7 neutrons)
Carbon-14 (8 neutrons)
49

50. Study the pH scale below. Which drink is
more acidic, apple juice (pH of 3) or black
coffee (pH of 5) and how many more times
acidic is it?
50

51. Apple Juice is 100x more acidic
than Black Coffee
Remember: The pH scale is a
Logarithmic scale (tenfold change
per number)
Difference of 2 pH levels
10 x 10 = 100 times more acidic
51