Function Analysis System Technique (F.A.S.T.) diagrams allow people to discuss and resolve issues by focusing on the functions of a system rather than the timeline of events. F.A.S.T. diagrams describe the functions that must be performed to achieve the overall goal using active verbs and measurable nouns. Developing a F.A.S.T. diagram helps ensure all necessary functions are considered and can facilitate consensus among stakeholders from different backgrounds.
FAST stands for “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS TECHNIQUE”
The FAST technique has long been used in Value Engineering to analyze costs. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a tool that has mainstay of the value management profession since its introduction In 1965.
Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a tool used in reverse engineering to define, analyze, and understand the functions of a product. It displays functions in a logical sequence using a FAST diagram. A function is an active verb followed by a measurable noun, such as "produce torque" or "generate light." There are different types of functions including higher order functions, basic functions, all the time functions, and secondary functions.
This document summarizes design for assembly (DFA) principles presented in a lecture. It discusses DFA and design for manufacturing (DFM), key DFA rules like minimizing part count and using self-locating features, guidelines for part handling, insertion, and fastening. It also addresses analyzing assembly efficiency and evaluating part characteristics that influence manual assembly time like size, symmetry, and need for assistance. Large assemblies and different manual assembly methods are briefly covered. The overall purpose is to educate on DFA methods and analysis to minimize product assembly costs through design.
This document discusses various assembly methods including manual, automated, and robotic assembly. It provides details on the characteristics, guidelines, types, and factors for selecting each assembly method. Manual assembly relies on human workers and is flexible but has a constant cost. Automated assembly uses machines and is best for high volumes but requires more capital. Robotic assembly falls between manual and automated in terms of volume and capital needs. The document provides pros and cons and considerations for each assembly method.
The document provides an overview of value stream mapping (VSM) process. It discusses defining the current state and future state maps which involve mapping the material and information flows, identifying value-added and non-value added activities, calculating metrics like cycle time and takt time, and developing an implementation plan to eliminate waste and create flow. The future state aims to optimize processes, improve flow, implement pull systems, and achieve continuous improvement through periodic reviews.
Lean manufacturing aims to eliminate waste by focusing on value-added activities. It was developed based on the Toyota Production System and considers seven types of waste. Key Lean principles include specifying value from the customer perspective, making value flow without interruptions, and continuously improving processes through eliminating waste. Techniques like 5S, standard work, visual management, and value stream mapping are used to implement Lean.
This presentation is about Value Engineering and contains:
1.History of VE
2.Value Concept
3.What is Value Engineering?
4.Implementation of VE in our project
5.Principle and Purpose of VE
6.Case Study
7.Conclusion
FAST stands for “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS TECHNIQUE”
The FAST technique has long been used in Value Engineering to analyze costs. Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a tool that has mainstay of the value management profession since its introduction In 1965.
Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) is a tool used in reverse engineering to define, analyze, and understand the functions of a product. It displays functions in a logical sequence using a FAST diagram. A function is an active verb followed by a measurable noun, such as "produce torque" or "generate light." There are different types of functions including higher order functions, basic functions, all the time functions, and secondary functions.
This document summarizes design for assembly (DFA) principles presented in a lecture. It discusses DFA and design for manufacturing (DFM), key DFA rules like minimizing part count and using self-locating features, guidelines for part handling, insertion, and fastening. It also addresses analyzing assembly efficiency and evaluating part characteristics that influence manual assembly time like size, symmetry, and need for assistance. Large assemblies and different manual assembly methods are briefly covered. The overall purpose is to educate on DFA methods and analysis to minimize product assembly costs through design.
This document discusses various assembly methods including manual, automated, and robotic assembly. It provides details on the characteristics, guidelines, types, and factors for selecting each assembly method. Manual assembly relies on human workers and is flexible but has a constant cost. Automated assembly uses machines and is best for high volumes but requires more capital. Robotic assembly falls between manual and automated in terms of volume and capital needs. The document provides pros and cons and considerations for each assembly method.
The document provides an overview of value stream mapping (VSM) process. It discusses defining the current state and future state maps which involve mapping the material and information flows, identifying value-added and non-value added activities, calculating metrics like cycle time and takt time, and developing an implementation plan to eliminate waste and create flow. The future state aims to optimize processes, improve flow, implement pull systems, and achieve continuous improvement through periodic reviews.
Lean manufacturing aims to eliminate waste by focusing on value-added activities. It was developed based on the Toyota Production System and considers seven types of waste. Key Lean principles include specifying value from the customer perspective, making value flow without interruptions, and continuously improving processes through eliminating waste. Techniques like 5S, standard work, visual management, and value stream mapping are used to implement Lean.
This presentation is about Value Engineering and contains:
1.History of VE
2.Value Concept
3.What is Value Engineering?
4.Implementation of VE in our project
5.Principle and Purpose of VE
6.Case Study
7.Conclusion
DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY.A really good insight of DFA and DFM. Also includes a very precise and appealing caste study on aimplemention of DFMA on a motor drive assembly.
Design for Assembly (DFA) is a vital component of concurrent engineering – the multidisciplinary approach to product development. You might think it strange to begin by thinking about the assembly before you have designed all the components, but you can often eliminate many parts at the conceptual stage, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
This slideshow provides an introduction to the rules that are used in industry to produce affordable, reliable products. It includes the in-depth analysis of two real-world products subjected to a "product autopsy", detailed in photographs, plus tutor notes and recommendations for additional activities including an assembly game.
+++
Thanks for all the interest shown in this presentation... visit Capacify and leave me a message if you have any questions or comments. Also let me know if you'd like to have me as a guest speaker: the in-class 'ease of assembly game' is always fun.
This document presents a literature review on kitting systems in engineering industries. It discusses the concept of kitting where complete sets of items are issued for assembly. Kitting provides benefits like reduced errors, fewer production delays, easier inventory control and less wasted space. The literature review examines two research papers that studied kitting implementations. The first found kitting reduced time spent fetching parts compared to individual components. The second highlighted challenges in implementing lean kitting but noted benefits like increased value-added time and cleaner work areas when done correctly. In conclusion, kitting can improve efficiency if properly planned and synchronized within the supply chain.
Value engineering is a technique that seeks the optimal balance between cost, quality, and performance. It involves systematically analyzing the functions of a product, project, or process to find ways to reduce costs while maintaining essential performance. A value engineering study follows eight steps: orientation, information gathering, functional analysis, creative idea generation, idea evaluation, development of alternatives, presentation of recommendations, and implementation/follow-up. The goals are to determine the best design alternatives, reduce costs, improve quality and reliability, enhance customer satisfaction, and identify and solve problems. Early changes tend to be less expensive than later changes.
Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Training ModuleFrank-G. Adler
The Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Training Module v2.0 includes:
1. MS PowerPoint Presentation including 65 slides covering an Introduction to Lean Management, The Seven Lean Wastes, Lean Kaizen Events, and a Step-by-Step Changeover Time Reduction (SMED) Process.
2. MS Excel Changeover Time Analysis Worksheet Template
The document provides guidelines for designing products for manual assembly. It discusses minimizing part counts, using symmetry and self-locating features to guide insertion, avoiding nested parts, and designing for top-down assembly. The guidelines aim to reduce assembly time and costs by making products easy to handle, insert parts, and avoid secondary operations like holding parts in place.
The document discusses Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) which analyzes manufacturing and assembly processes to identify potential failure modes caused by process deficiencies. A PFMEA includes a process flow diagram, failure analysis matrix, and process control plan. It assumes the design is valid, analyzes failure causes and effects, and recommends actions to eliminate root causes and detect failures. Benefits include improved processes, performance monitoring, and prioritizing resources to ensure process improvements benefit customers.
This document discusses applying value engineering techniques to enhance the value of a slit housing component used in microscopes. The current slit housing design and manufacturing process were analyzed. Alternative designs and materials were brainstormed, and options were evaluated based on criteria like ease of use, durability, and cost. Implementing the proposed design changes resulted in a 36.79% reduction in per unit cost, translating to annual savings of over Rs. 573,200 for an annual demand of 10,000 units. The value engineering goals of identifying unnecessary functions, adding desirable functions, and reducing costs through eliminating redundancies were achieved.
The document provides an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques. It defines DFMA as a methodology used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements. The objectives are to understand how product design influences cost, criteria for part minimization, quantitative analysis of design efficiency, and the importance of involving production engineers. Design for Assembly (DFA) focuses on reducing assembly cost by minimizing parts and operations, while Design for Manufacturing (DFM) aims to reduce part production cost through process optimization. Both seek to lower material, overhead and labor costs. The document outlines DFA and DFM principles and processes to analyze and optimize designs.
CLIT is an acronym for Cleaning, Lubrication, Inspection, and Tightening, which are important maintenance procedures. The document outlines each part of the CLIT process, explaining why they are important and describing appropriate methods and tools for cleaning parts, applying lubrication, inspecting for issues, and ensuring proper tightening. It emphasizes the importance of regular CLIT maintenance to keep equipment functioning properly and provides resources like stickers and cards to track maintenance.
A Simo chart records the simultaneous motions of different body parts of a worker(s) on a common time scale, often based on analyzing filmed footage of an operation. It shows the therbligs or groups of therbligs performed by different parts of the body. Simo charts are used for short, rapid operations and are generally compiled from slow motion or paused film footage. They provide a micromotion-level view of an operation analogous to a man-type flow process chart. Movements are recorded against time measured in "winks" from a counter visible in filmed footage.
This document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles. It defines DFMA as designing products to be easily and efficiently manufactured and assembled with minimal effort, time and cost. The document outlines general DFMA principles such as minimizing part count, using modular designs, making parts multifunctional, and using standard parts. It also lists advantages of applying DFMA such as reduced costs, higher quality, and increased reliability. DFMA software is mentioned as a tool to implement DFMA techniques and identify cost savings.
Industrial Engineering unit 4.Production planning and control Notes by badebhau.Er. Bade Bhausaheb
Production planning and control aims to efficiently and effectively manage operations in a manufacturing organization. It addresses issues like low productivity, inventory management, and resource utilization. The key objectives of production planning and control are to optimize capacity utilization, maintain optimal inventory levels, minimize costs, and ensure quality. Production planning involves determining what to produce, when, how much, and other long-term decisions. Production control techniques are used to achieve production planning targets by regulating inventory, scheduling production, and optimizing resource usage.
Value analysis and value engineering are techniques used to increase the value of products and services. Value is defined as desired performance divided by overall cost. Value analysis focuses on identifying unnecessary functions and reducing costs without affecting quality or performance. It was developed during World War 2 to substitute materials as supplies became limited. Value engineering applies these principles during the design stage to reduce costs. Both aim to deliver the desired functions at the lowest overall cost.
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive technique used to determine the causes of accidents or failures. It uses a graphical representation in the form of a fault tree to visually display the logical relationships between different failures or sub-events and an undesired top event. The fault tree shows how combinations of failures, events, or conditions can lead to specified hazards through different gates like AND and OR gates. FTA involves defining the top event, constructing the fault tree, validating it, and studying alternatives to recommend actions to improve system reliability.
Principles and practices of maintenance planningMudit M. Saxena
The document discusses principles and practices of maintenance planning. It covers topics like objectives of maintenance planning, reliability measures like MTBF and MTTR, and importance of maintenance systems. The key objectives of maintenance planning are to maximize production capacity at lowest cost, reduce breakdowns, and optimize resource utilization. Reliability is defined as the probability that an item will perform its intended function for a specified time period. MTBF is the average time between failures, while MTTR is the average time required to repair a failure and return the equipment to working order.
This document provides an overview of the Design for Manufacture course, including its objectives, textbooks, and Chapter 1 content on introduction to DFM. The key points are:
- The course covers factors for designing parts for manufacturability, GD&T techniques, and design considerations for various machining operations.
- Chapter 1 introduces DFM, the need for cost reduction, general design guidelines, advantages, and approaches like Taguchi's method and design for quality manufacturability.
- Major objectives of DFM are to estimate manufacturing costs, reduce component and assembly costs, and impact other factors through the design process.
Improvement of Plant Layout by using 5S technique-An industrial case studyIJMER
5S is one of the most widely adopted techniques from the lean manufacturing toolbox. Along with Standard Work and Total Productive Maintenance, 5S is considered a "foundational" lean concept, as it establishes the operational stability required for making and sustaining continuous improvements. The primary objective of 5S is to create a clean, orderly environment- an environment where there is a place for everything and everything is in its place. Beyond this, many companies begin their lean transformation with 5S because it exposes some of the most visible examples of waste it also helps establish the framework and discipline required to successfully pursue other continuous improvement initiatives
Productivity is a measure of efficiency in production. It is calculated as a ratio of output to inputs. Productivity determines the efficiency of converting resources into finished goods and services. Partial productivity measures a single input or output, while total productivity takes a systematic approach integrating all factors. Improving productivity increases profits, lowers costs, and makes an organization more competitive. Methods to improve productivity include reducing ineffective time, improving products/processes, training employees, and using incentives.
Eight types of waste are defined including motion, transportation, inventory, overproduction, waiting, overprocessing, defects, and underutilization of talent. Examples of waste in both office and manufacturing settings include unnecessary movement of people and materials, excess inventory, producing more than demand requires, idle time waiting for resources, rework, and underutilizing employee skills. Eliminating waste helps improve efficiency and productivity.
Flowcharts are diagrams that use graphic symbols to depict the steps in a process. They can be used to clearly show the flow of services within a hospital from admission to patient satisfaction. Flowcharts have several benefits, such as promoting understanding of processes, providing a training tool, and identifying areas for process improvement. They involve determining the key people, process steps, and level of detail needed. Different types of flowcharts convey different levels of information, from a high-level overview to granular micro-level details of specific tasks. Proper interpretation of a flowchart allows one to evaluate who is involved, potential causes of issues, and opportunities for simplifying or changing the process.
ImportantSummary discussion of chapter not article or sectio.docxbradburgess22840
Important
Summary discussion of chapter not article or section
Due date today 6/30/15 in 8 hours or earlier
No plagiarism in own words
Will run through a plagiarism checker
Will not accept if after due date
Please cite and reference
References and citation page must include a valid URL to take the reader to the electronic copy of each source.
If cannot complete with the given instructions do not reply
Please contact me if you have questions
Write as a discussion of this part of the chapter with another student
Please post I found the material interesting, or what do you think
I may ask to change some areas at later date
Please title first followed by discussion
100 to 200 word count each, can be longer if needed
Please write clearly simplify
I am in the U.S.
No charts or graphs
Needs to be like a discussion in class or post
Make the minimum 10 post for discussion
The Tools of Quality
When we introduce a particular method of doing a job, it is natural to consider whether the method is appropriate or not. The decision is usually based on past results and experience, or perhaps on conventional methods. Procedures will be most effective if a proper evaluation is made, and on-the-job data are essential for making a proper evaluation.
KAORU ISHIKAWA, Quality Tools Inventor 1
1Ishikawa, K., “Guide to Quality Control,” Asia Productivity Organization, Tokyo, Japan, 1985.
Quality improvement in manufacturing or services, to be effective, should address the needs of the system as a whole. In this book we have attempted to address quality management from an integrative perspective. This perspective has encompassed the many functional areas of business, including supply chain management, marketing, accounting, human resources, operations, engineering, and strategy. None of these fields of endeavor operate in a vacuum. They are all interrelated and interdependent.
Improving the System
To be successful, a business or organization must balance the needs of these different functional areas around a coherent business vision and strategy. The objective of the system is to satisfy the customer. Customer satisfaction means higher customer retention, which leads to improved profitability.
A quality system (Figure 10-1) uses the business model with a focus on the customer and includes the dynamics of continual improvement, change, planning, and renewal. Continual improvement is necessary for a company to learn to grow. Companies that are unable to adapt find themselves with stagnant cultures and labor forces. Many managers, on discovering that their organization has reached this point, believe they must resort to draconian measures such as layoffs and organizational reengineering to achieve change. If they had pursued continual improvement and learning in the first place, they might not have reached this juncture.
Figure 10-1 Quality System Model
This quality system is not just a series of variables and relationships. It is an interconnect.
DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY.A really good insight of DFA and DFM. Also includes a very precise and appealing caste study on aimplemention of DFMA on a motor drive assembly.
Design for Assembly (DFA) is a vital component of concurrent engineering – the multidisciplinary approach to product development. You might think it strange to begin by thinking about the assembly before you have designed all the components, but you can often eliminate many parts at the conceptual stage, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
This slideshow provides an introduction to the rules that are used in industry to produce affordable, reliable products. It includes the in-depth analysis of two real-world products subjected to a "product autopsy", detailed in photographs, plus tutor notes and recommendations for additional activities including an assembly game.
+++
Thanks for all the interest shown in this presentation... visit Capacify and leave me a message if you have any questions or comments. Also let me know if you'd like to have me as a guest speaker: the in-class 'ease of assembly game' is always fun.
This document presents a literature review on kitting systems in engineering industries. It discusses the concept of kitting where complete sets of items are issued for assembly. Kitting provides benefits like reduced errors, fewer production delays, easier inventory control and less wasted space. The literature review examines two research papers that studied kitting implementations. The first found kitting reduced time spent fetching parts compared to individual components. The second highlighted challenges in implementing lean kitting but noted benefits like increased value-added time and cleaner work areas when done correctly. In conclusion, kitting can improve efficiency if properly planned and synchronized within the supply chain.
Value engineering is a technique that seeks the optimal balance between cost, quality, and performance. It involves systematically analyzing the functions of a product, project, or process to find ways to reduce costs while maintaining essential performance. A value engineering study follows eight steps: orientation, information gathering, functional analysis, creative idea generation, idea evaluation, development of alternatives, presentation of recommendations, and implementation/follow-up. The goals are to determine the best design alternatives, reduce costs, improve quality and reliability, enhance customer satisfaction, and identify and solve problems. Early changes tend to be less expensive than later changes.
Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Training ModuleFrank-G. Adler
The Lean Quick Changeover (SMED) Training Module v2.0 includes:
1. MS PowerPoint Presentation including 65 slides covering an Introduction to Lean Management, The Seven Lean Wastes, Lean Kaizen Events, and a Step-by-Step Changeover Time Reduction (SMED) Process.
2. MS Excel Changeover Time Analysis Worksheet Template
The document provides guidelines for designing products for manual assembly. It discusses minimizing part counts, using symmetry and self-locating features to guide insertion, avoiding nested parts, and designing for top-down assembly. The guidelines aim to reduce assembly time and costs by making products easy to handle, insert parts, and avoid secondary operations like holding parts in place.
The document discusses Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) which analyzes manufacturing and assembly processes to identify potential failure modes caused by process deficiencies. A PFMEA includes a process flow diagram, failure analysis matrix, and process control plan. It assumes the design is valid, analyzes failure causes and effects, and recommends actions to eliminate root causes and detect failures. Benefits include improved processes, performance monitoring, and prioritizing resources to ensure process improvements benefit customers.
This document discusses applying value engineering techniques to enhance the value of a slit housing component used in microscopes. The current slit housing design and manufacturing process were analyzed. Alternative designs and materials were brainstormed, and options were evaluated based on criteria like ease of use, durability, and cost. Implementing the proposed design changes resulted in a 36.79% reduction in per unit cost, translating to annual savings of over Rs. 573,200 for an annual demand of 10,000 units. The value engineering goals of identifying unnecessary functions, adding desirable functions, and reducing costs through eliminating redundancies were achieved.
The document provides an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques. It defines DFMA as a methodology used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements. The objectives are to understand how product design influences cost, criteria for part minimization, quantitative analysis of design efficiency, and the importance of involving production engineers. Design for Assembly (DFA) focuses on reducing assembly cost by minimizing parts and operations, while Design for Manufacturing (DFM) aims to reduce part production cost through process optimization. Both seek to lower material, overhead and labor costs. The document outlines DFA and DFM principles and processes to analyze and optimize designs.
CLIT is an acronym for Cleaning, Lubrication, Inspection, and Tightening, which are important maintenance procedures. The document outlines each part of the CLIT process, explaining why they are important and describing appropriate methods and tools for cleaning parts, applying lubrication, inspecting for issues, and ensuring proper tightening. It emphasizes the importance of regular CLIT maintenance to keep equipment functioning properly and provides resources like stickers and cards to track maintenance.
A Simo chart records the simultaneous motions of different body parts of a worker(s) on a common time scale, often based on analyzing filmed footage of an operation. It shows the therbligs or groups of therbligs performed by different parts of the body. Simo charts are used for short, rapid operations and are generally compiled from slow motion or paused film footage. They provide a micromotion-level view of an operation analogous to a man-type flow process chart. Movements are recorded against time measured in "winks" from a counter visible in filmed footage.
This document discusses design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) principles. It defines DFMA as designing products to be easily and efficiently manufactured and assembled with minimal effort, time and cost. The document outlines general DFMA principles such as minimizing part count, using modular designs, making parts multifunctional, and using standard parts. It also lists advantages of applying DFMA such as reduced costs, higher quality, and increased reliability. DFMA software is mentioned as a tool to implement DFMA techniques and identify cost savings.
Industrial Engineering unit 4.Production planning and control Notes by badebhau.Er. Bade Bhausaheb
Production planning and control aims to efficiently and effectively manage operations in a manufacturing organization. It addresses issues like low productivity, inventory management, and resource utilization. The key objectives of production planning and control are to optimize capacity utilization, maintain optimal inventory levels, minimize costs, and ensure quality. Production planning involves determining what to produce, when, how much, and other long-term decisions. Production control techniques are used to achieve production planning targets by regulating inventory, scheduling production, and optimizing resource usage.
Value analysis and value engineering are techniques used to increase the value of products and services. Value is defined as desired performance divided by overall cost. Value analysis focuses on identifying unnecessary functions and reducing costs without affecting quality or performance. It was developed during World War 2 to substitute materials as supplies became limited. Value engineering applies these principles during the design stage to reduce costs. Both aim to deliver the desired functions at the lowest overall cost.
Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive technique used to determine the causes of accidents or failures. It uses a graphical representation in the form of a fault tree to visually display the logical relationships between different failures or sub-events and an undesired top event. The fault tree shows how combinations of failures, events, or conditions can lead to specified hazards through different gates like AND and OR gates. FTA involves defining the top event, constructing the fault tree, validating it, and studying alternatives to recommend actions to improve system reliability.
Principles and practices of maintenance planningMudit M. Saxena
The document discusses principles and practices of maintenance planning. It covers topics like objectives of maintenance planning, reliability measures like MTBF and MTTR, and importance of maintenance systems. The key objectives of maintenance planning are to maximize production capacity at lowest cost, reduce breakdowns, and optimize resource utilization. Reliability is defined as the probability that an item will perform its intended function for a specified time period. MTBF is the average time between failures, while MTTR is the average time required to repair a failure and return the equipment to working order.
This document provides an overview of the Design for Manufacture course, including its objectives, textbooks, and Chapter 1 content on introduction to DFM. The key points are:
- The course covers factors for designing parts for manufacturability, GD&T techniques, and design considerations for various machining operations.
- Chapter 1 introduces DFM, the need for cost reduction, general design guidelines, advantages, and approaches like Taguchi's method and design for quality manufacturability.
- Major objectives of DFM are to estimate manufacturing costs, reduce component and assembly costs, and impact other factors through the design process.
Improvement of Plant Layout by using 5S technique-An industrial case studyIJMER
5S is one of the most widely adopted techniques from the lean manufacturing toolbox. Along with Standard Work and Total Productive Maintenance, 5S is considered a "foundational" lean concept, as it establishes the operational stability required for making and sustaining continuous improvements. The primary objective of 5S is to create a clean, orderly environment- an environment where there is a place for everything and everything is in its place. Beyond this, many companies begin their lean transformation with 5S because it exposes some of the most visible examples of waste it also helps establish the framework and discipline required to successfully pursue other continuous improvement initiatives
Productivity is a measure of efficiency in production. It is calculated as a ratio of output to inputs. Productivity determines the efficiency of converting resources into finished goods and services. Partial productivity measures a single input or output, while total productivity takes a systematic approach integrating all factors. Improving productivity increases profits, lowers costs, and makes an organization more competitive. Methods to improve productivity include reducing ineffective time, improving products/processes, training employees, and using incentives.
Eight types of waste are defined including motion, transportation, inventory, overproduction, waiting, overprocessing, defects, and underutilization of talent. Examples of waste in both office and manufacturing settings include unnecessary movement of people and materials, excess inventory, producing more than demand requires, idle time waiting for resources, rework, and underutilizing employee skills. Eliminating waste helps improve efficiency and productivity.
Flowcharts are diagrams that use graphic symbols to depict the steps in a process. They can be used to clearly show the flow of services within a hospital from admission to patient satisfaction. Flowcharts have several benefits, such as promoting understanding of processes, providing a training tool, and identifying areas for process improvement. They involve determining the key people, process steps, and level of detail needed. Different types of flowcharts convey different levels of information, from a high-level overview to granular micro-level details of specific tasks. Proper interpretation of a flowchart allows one to evaluate who is involved, potential causes of issues, and opportunities for simplifying or changing the process.
ImportantSummary discussion of chapter not article or sectio.docxbradburgess22840
Important
Summary discussion of chapter not article or section
Due date today 6/30/15 in 8 hours or earlier
No plagiarism in own words
Will run through a plagiarism checker
Will not accept if after due date
Please cite and reference
References and citation page must include a valid URL to take the reader to the electronic copy of each source.
If cannot complete with the given instructions do not reply
Please contact me if you have questions
Write as a discussion of this part of the chapter with another student
Please post I found the material interesting, or what do you think
I may ask to change some areas at later date
Please title first followed by discussion
100 to 200 word count each, can be longer if needed
Please write clearly simplify
I am in the U.S.
No charts or graphs
Needs to be like a discussion in class or post
Make the minimum 10 post for discussion
The Tools of Quality
When we introduce a particular method of doing a job, it is natural to consider whether the method is appropriate or not. The decision is usually based on past results and experience, or perhaps on conventional methods. Procedures will be most effective if a proper evaluation is made, and on-the-job data are essential for making a proper evaluation.
KAORU ISHIKAWA, Quality Tools Inventor 1
1Ishikawa, K., “Guide to Quality Control,” Asia Productivity Organization, Tokyo, Japan, 1985.
Quality improvement in manufacturing or services, to be effective, should address the needs of the system as a whole. In this book we have attempted to address quality management from an integrative perspective. This perspective has encompassed the many functional areas of business, including supply chain management, marketing, accounting, human resources, operations, engineering, and strategy. None of these fields of endeavor operate in a vacuum. They are all interrelated and interdependent.
Improving the System
To be successful, a business or organization must balance the needs of these different functional areas around a coherent business vision and strategy. The objective of the system is to satisfy the customer. Customer satisfaction means higher customer retention, which leads to improved profitability.
A quality system (Figure 10-1) uses the business model with a focus on the customer and includes the dynamics of continual improvement, change, planning, and renewal. Continual improvement is necessary for a company to learn to grow. Companies that are unable to adapt find themselves with stagnant cultures and labor forces. Many managers, on discovering that their organization has reached this point, believe they must resort to draconian measures such as layoffs and organizational reengineering to achieve change. If they had pursued continual improvement and learning in the first place, they might not have reached this juncture.
Figure 10-1 Quality System Model
This quality system is not just a series of variables and relationships. It is an interconnect.
5S is a methodology for organizing and standardizing a workplace. It consists of five disciplines: Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. 5S helps ensure continuous improvement and supports lean manufacturing concepts by removing waste. It is a foundational activity that can help ensure a company's survival.
Road to Success in SAFe-Agilist Exam Questions with SAFe-Agilist PDF DumpsCerts questions
Scrum present unique kinds of certification programs like Leading SAFe 5.1 Agilist certification exam. You could go through with Scrum braindumps and see which suits greatest for you personally and check your level of interest in each and every of those. Every single of these has its personal prominence in the productiveness. You just have to take the Certified SAFe Agilist SA exam in an effort to be prosperous.
Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing.pptxRivenBarquilla
The document provides information on preparing and interpreting technical drawings. It discusses basic symbols used in flow charting such as terminators, inputs/outputs, processes, decisions, and arrows. It also covers selecting the appropriate type of technical drawing according to job requirements, such as basic, cross-functional, and data flow diagrams. Finally, it outlines steps for interpreting symbols in a flow chart, such as examining each step and decision point to identify bottlenecks and rework loops.
المحاضرة ال 164 من المبادرة
الاستاذ الدكتور / عماد شبلاق
رئيس المنظمة الأمريكية للهندسة القيمية
في استراليا ونيوزيلندا
بعنوان
( التحليل الوظيفي :
العامل الرئيسي في منهجية الهندسة القيمية)
يوم الإثنين 20 يونيو 2022
التاسعة مساء توقيت القاهرة
العاشرة مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
و الحضور عبر تطبيق زووم من خلال الرابط
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZwudOyvrT8tHdH9f4rDfX7UiWTi7Oa2oRt4
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على القنوات الخاصة بجمعية المهندسين المصريين
ونأمل أن نوفق في تقديم ما ينفع المهندس ومهمة الهندسة في عالمنا العربي
والله الموفق
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة التليجرام
https://t.me/EEAKSA
ومتابعة المبادرة والبث المباشر عبر نوافذنا المختلفة
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
https://www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
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https://twitter.com/eeaksa
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https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
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The document discusses structured problem solving techniques including situational awareness, process mapping, identifying customer requirements, problem identification, root cause analysis, implementing changes, and control methods. It provides examples of tools that can be used at each step such as affinity diagrams, histograms, scatter plots, 5 whys, tree diagrams, and benchmarks.
This document outlines a six-step process for improving plant layout called Simplified Systematic Layout Planning. The six steps are: 1) charting relationships between departments, 2) establishing space requirements, 3) diagramming activity relationships, 4) drawing space relationship layouts, 5) evaluating alternative arrangements, and 6) detailing the selected layout plan. Following this systematic approach helps take many factors into account to arrive at the best layout. Improving plant layout can increase throughput, reduce material handling costs, and make other improvements important for manufacturing efficiency.
This document provides information about flowcharts, including their elements and uses. It defines a flowchart as a diagram that depicts the steps in a process and lists the main elements as the terminator, process, sub-process, decision, connector, and arrow lines. It also describes when teams should use flowcharts, such as to understand current processes, compare modifications, or design ideal processes. Finally, it outlines some common symbols used in flowcharts.
Modeling Mastery Performance and Systematically Deriving the Enablers - ISPI Spring Conf April 2006 - Guy W Wallace, CPT. Instructional and Performance Improvement analysis of the PACT Processes and EPPI
This document discusses workflow templates in SAP applications. It provides an overview of available templates for different modules like asset management, finance, human resources, etc. It describes some commonly used templates and the steps to customize and enhance existing templates, including configuring organizational plans and task agents, activating event linkage, setting deadlines, and creating workflow versions. The document explains how to identify the business process, select a suitable template, and extend it if needed to meet additional requirements.
More information: https://flevy.com/browse/flevypro/raci-charting-and-analysis-3474
Specific roles and responsibilities in an organization can sometimes become ambiguous. People lose accountability, proper people aren't informed or consulted, and responsible parties don't complete the tasks at hand. We can mitigate these issues using the Responsibility Assignment Matrix or RACI Chart.
The RACI charting technique is used to identify the functional areas and roles and responsibilities in an organization to accomplish a desired task. The RACI matrix ensures that accountability lies with the person who can be really held accountable for a specific task.
The RACI acronym stands for:
* Responsible: The Doer.
* Accountable: The one who is ultimately answerable for the activity.
* Consulted: The person, often the subject matter expert, who needs to be consulted before any action.
* Informed: The individual(s) who should be kept in the loop after a decision has been made.
This slide deck provides a detailed overview of the RACI charting technique. Specifically, topics discussed include RACI Usages, Design Principles, Vertical Analysis, Horizontal Analysis, Change Management Issues, among other topics.
The slide deck also includes some slide templates for you to use in your own business presentations.
PROCESS MAPPING AND PROCESS RECONSTRUCTIONS & DIAGRAMSHriday Bora
The document discusses process mapping and reconstruction for business process reengineering. It defines what a process is and explains why processes should be mapped. Process mapping involves visually representing the steps, inputs/outputs, and other elements of a process. The document describes different types of process maps - flow diagrams, deployment charts, and SIPOCs. It provides examples and outlines how to create each type of map. The goal of process mapping and reconstruction is to analyze existing processes, identify inefficiencies, and improve processes.
This document summarizes an agenda for a Salesforce Developer Group meetup in Motihari, India. The agenda includes beginner sessions on Salesforce topics, highlights from the TrailblazerDX conference, career guidance questions and answers, highlights for Summer '22, and time for lunch, photos, fun and networking. Guest speakers will provide trailblazer talks on their Salesforce careers. The goal is to inspire and educate attendees on Salesforce development.
When you need to deliver fast, shortcuts will be taken. This is a fact when it comes to software development, and Salesforce is no different.
This is how technical debt is created. It’s a costly side effect of growth, and it cannot be ignored! Just like financial debt, if you don’t address it in time, it will accumulate and over time your teams will find themselves addressing issues with the platform instead of supporting customers and developing revenue opportunities – and this will have a direct impact on your ROI.
This document discusses belt drives and includes the following key points:
- It identifies different types of belts, including open belts, crossed belts, and Mobius belts.
- It examines slip that can occur between belts and pulleys if frictional grip is insufficient.
- It provides examples of calculating velocity ratios in belt drives with and without slip.
- It discusses factors that determine belt length for open and crossed belt drives, including angle of contact.
- It analyzes the effect of centrifugal tension on belt drives and how it impacts the ratio of belt tensions.
This document provides a rubric for evaluating a final project report with criteria in 10 areas: organization, problem statement/motivation, related work, design of approach, experimental design, analysis of results, discussion and conclusions, and poster quality. Each criteria is weighted and scored on a scale from 1 to 4, with 4 being exemplary and 1 being beginning. The rubric provides descriptions of the characteristics of a project that would receive each score for each criteria.
The document discusses product life cycles and the Boston Matrix. It describes how products move through different stages from development to decline. It also explains how the Boston Matrix can be used to analyze a company's product portfolio by classifying products into four categories: stars, cash cows, dogs, and problem children based on their market share and market growth. This helps inform strategic decisions about where to allocate resources and determine if products should be continued to be supported, revived, or withdrawn from the market.
Igor Ansoff identified four key strategies for business growth: market penetration, product development, market development, and diversification. Market penetration involves selling more of the existing products to current customers and carries the lowest risk. Diversification, expanding into new products and markets, is the riskiest strategy. Ansoff's matrix outlines these four strategies and demonstrates that moving further from market penetration increases the risk involved in a business's strategy.
This document discusses rolling contact bearings, including ball bearings and roller bearings. It describes the types of rolling contact bearings, how they are designed with an inner and outer race holding balls or rollers, and how bearings are designated by number. The document also discusses static and dynamic load ratings for bearings and provides examples of calculating load ratings based on speed, life, reliability, and variable loads.
A key and keyway are used to connect machine components like gears or pulleys to rotating shafts. Keys transmit torque between the shaft and attached components. Keys are designed to fail under overload conditions before damaging the shaft or attached component. The selection of an appropriate key and keyway type and size is an important part of the overall machine design process.
The document describes a pairwise comparison chart (PCC) used to rank objectives or goals. A PCC takes objectives two at a time to judge which is more important, with the results presented in a table. It provides an example PCC ranking 4 goals - Goal #2 is most important with a score of 3, followed by Goal #3 and Goal #1, with Goal #4 as least important. The document outlines how to construct and interpret a valid PCC to obtain an ordered ranking of objectives from their relative importance scores.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
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Chapter 1.pptx
1. Function Analysis System Technique (F.A.S.T.) Diagrams
• Charles Bytheway in 1964
• Fast diagrams are function oriented not time based.
• Fast diagrams allows people to integrate from different background to discuss and resolve the issue.
• Fast diagram is not the end product or result.
3. Outline
- Definitions
- What is a F.A.S.T. diagram
- Examples
- Conclusions / Wrapping up
- Appendix: useful verbs/nouns for FAST diagrams
- Appendix: Typical examples
4. What is a “Function”?
Function: a two-word phrase formed of an active verb and
a measurable noun
Active Verb:
Describes the specific action we plan to carry out to achieve our intended purpose
Measurable Noun:
Defines the object onto which the action operates
NOTE: Any Verb and Noun may be combined to describe a Function
5. What is the “Function” of this device?
• Lift car
• Hold car
• Lower car
• Turn lug nuts
• Hold stem
“Activities”
OR
• Raise load
• Hold load
• Lower load
• Apply torque
• Distribute load
“Functions”
6. Use Active Verbs Rather Than Passive Verbs
To change passive description to active, try using the noun as the
verb and then select another noun
Passive Active
Provide Support Support Weight
Seek Approval Approve Procedures
Develop Exhibits Exhibit Products
Submit Budget Budget Expenses
Determine Resolution Resolve Problem
Functions are intended to be taken literally . . .
as we attempt to BRING CLARITY . . .
in describing WHAT a system actually does
Examples
7. Passive and Indirect Verbs
Goal-Like Verbs
Provide Give Is
Supply Furnish Prepare
Review Attend
Improve “-ize” words Optimize
Least Maximize Prioritize
Present Minimize Customize
Economize
Verbs to Avoid
8. What is the “Function” of this device?
(Spare Tyre)
9. What is the “Function” of this device?
(Tote box)
(Hint)
10. Construct FAST Diagram Left to Right,
and Check it Right to Left
ProcessofConstruction:
1. Identify(whatyoufeel is) theBasicFunction.
2.Ask:“HowisthisFunctionactuallyaccomplished?”
&placeSecondaryFunctionstotherightofBasicFunction.
3.ChecktheFASTdiagrambystartingattherightandworkingleft
Ask: “Whymust thisFunctionbeperformed?”
Secondary Function
Secondary Function
Secondary Function
Ask How?
AND logic
OR logic
Ask Why?
Secondary Function
Secondary Function
Basic Function
FAST Diagrams: prioritize
functions of the product &
consider functional needs
that should be satisfied
17. Why think in terms of Functions?
“IF I CAN’T GET THE PRODUCT, I’VE GOT TO GET THE FUNCTION.”
Lawrence D. Miles (l904-1985)
Clarifies intent/purpose
Helps to achieve consensus
Broadens individual/group viewpoint(s)
Aids decision-making
Can help to save money!
De-personalizes the conversation
Minimizes emotion
“In the search for, and selection of, alternatives, attention must be constantly focused on function and
not on a material, part, or device as such.”
“Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering”
Lawrence D. Miles, 1961, McGraw-Hill, NY
18. Four Rules of Function Definition
Once defined, the Basic Function does not change (becomes the principle work a system does)
Example: flashlight is expected to emit light
Cost contribution of a Basic Function is a minimal percentage of total system cost
Can not sell supporting Secondary Functions without performing Basic Function satisfactorily
Loss of Basic Function(s) results in total loss of market value
Example: Rolex watch that does not display correct time
19. A FAST Diagram is NOT a Flowchart
Flowchart is a graphical representation of:
• Flow of Logic or Control Data through a program, routine, module or process
• Documents the order in which tasks are performed
FAST Diagram is a "functional structure" representation of a technical system early in
the design process
• Functions expressed as: Active Verb + Measurable Noun
• Follows House of Quality and before Solution Selection
• Generic representation independent of any specific implementation
20. Wrapping up
At the end of this session I should be able to:
- Describe what a “Function” is
- Use active verbs and measurable nouns to form “Functions”
- Differentiate “Functions” from “Activities”
- Describe what a F.A.S.T. diagram is
- Describe what the purpose of a F.A.S.T. diagram is
- Read a F.A.S.T. diagram
- Prepare simple F.A.S.T. diagrams for devices / services
- Describe the advantages of using “Functions”
- Describe the “Four rules” of “Function” definition
- Differentiate a F.A.S.T. diagram from a flowchart
22. A assure compress delay enclose
accelerate attract conduct delegate encourage
accept authorize confirm deliver engender
achieve award connect demonstrate enhance
acquire B conserve design ensure
actuate blend consolidate determine equalize
add broaden construct develop establish
adjust build consult diagnose estimate
administer C contain direct evaluate
advise calibrate contaminate discharge exchange
aid certify continue dispense excludes
alert challenge contract disperse exercise
align change control display exhaust
allocate channel convert disseminate expand
allot charge convince dissipate expedite
allow circulate cool distribute explore
alter clarify coordinate document extend
analyze classify correct E F
apply clean cost edit fabricate
approve close cover educate facilitate
arouse collect create effect fail
assemble comfort D eject farm
assess communicate decorate eliminate fill
assign compare decrease employ find
assist complete define empty flow
Function
Verbs
23. Function
Verbs
forecast initiate monitor request
form install motivate resist
foster integrate mount prescribe resolve
fulfill interpret move prevent restore
investigate multiply prime retain
G involve N process reuse
gage isolate negotiate procure reward
gather J nurture produce rotate
generate join O project S
get L observe promote satisfy
group latch obtain protect save
guide lease occupy R schedule
H limit offer raise scrap
highlight load open receive seal
hold locate operate recognize secure
I M order recommend seek
identify maintain organize reconcile select
illustrate make P redirect sell
implement manage package educe sense
Increase mandate partition reflect separate
indicate manufacture perform regulate serve
indoctrinate market permit release service
influence match plan remove set
inform moderate position repair settle
modify pour replace share
24. Function
Verbs
forecast initiate monitor request show transfer
form install motivate resist signal transmit
foster integrate mount prescribe resolve socialize transport
fulfill interpret move prevent restore solicit U
investigate multiply prime retain solve understand
G involve N process reuse space update
gage isolate negotiate procure reward specify use
gather J nurture produce rotate speed utilize
generate join O project S spray V
get L observe promote satisfy staff validate
group latch obtain protect save stimulate vary
guide lease occupy R schedule store verify
H limit offer raise scrap stow visit
highlight load open receive seal study W
hold locate operate recognize secure summarize welcome
I M order recommend seek
support worship
identify maintain organize reconcile select
illustrate make P redirect sell
T
implement manage package educe sense
teach
Increase mandate partition reflect separate
terminate
indicate manufacture perform regulate serve
test
indoctrinate market permit release service
track
influence match plan remove set
train
inform moderate position repair settle
transcribe
modify pour replace share
25. Function
Nouns
A attire competence creativity duplication
acceptability attitudes compliance criteria E
access authority component current efficiency
accountability awareness concept customer effort
accuracy C concern D electrons
achievement campaign concurrence damage elements
action capabilities condition data emissions
activates casting confession dealer emotions
adjustment catalog confidence decision empathy
administration change conflict deflection energy
affection checklist conformance demand enthusiasm
agencies children construction design entry
agreement circuit contact details environment
air claim contamination development equipment
alignment classes contents deviancy errors
alternatives clearance contingencies deviation event
appearance client contractor differences expectations
approach climate contracts differential expenditures
area comfort contrast dimension experience
arrival commitment convenience direction F
assembly committees cope dirt facility
assets community core distorts failure
associates companionship corrosion distribution feasibility
assumptions comparison cost downtime feedback
attention compartment council drag fellowship
26. Function
Nouns
financing healing L method others
flask health labor mixture owners
flexibility heat lagoon model P
float heater land moisture pace
flow history launch mold package
fluid hope law motion participation
force I layout motor parts
forecast idea level movement passage
freedom identification liability passenger
friction illumination liaison N path
friendship image life need patient
fumes impact light noise pattern
funds impression line notion payment
G impurities liturgy O people
gas incentive load objectives performance
goals income location obligation personnel
God information luster offer piece
good injury M opening plan
goods interest management operation policies
growth interface manpower operator pool
guidance inventory market opinion potential
guidelines Investment material opportunity power
H iron maturation option prerogative
habits J measurement order pressure
haven justice merchandise organization price
27. Function
Nouns
financing healing
L
method others
flask health labor mixture owners
flexibility heat lagoon model P
float heater land moisture pace
flow history launch mold package
fluid hope law motion participation
force I layout motor parts
forecast idea level movement passage
freedom identification liability passenger
friction illumination liaison N path
friendship image life need patient
fumes impact light noise pattern
funds impr ssion line notion payment
G impurities liturgy O people
gas incentive load objectives performance
goals inco e location obligation personnel
God infor ation luster offer piece
good injury M opening plan
goods interest management operation policies
growth interface manpower operator pool
guidance inventory market opinion potential
guidelines Investment material opportunity power
H iron maturation option prerogative
habits J measurem nt order pressure
haven justi e merchandise organization price
School of Mechanical, Aerospace &
Automotive Engineering
principles records shaker systems vehicle
priorities relations shock T vendor
privacy relationship signal team vibration
problem repair skill teamwork views
procedure report solace temperature visibility
process requests solids tenant volume
product requirements sounds terms volunteers
production resources sources test W
profit respect space thought warranty
program responsibility specialists time waste
progress restrictions specifications timing water
projection results stability torque wear
property e rigidity staff tour weight
proposal risk standards tradition work
prospect rotation stewardship traffic workload
public m rules strangers travel writers
Q. mrunout stress treatment
quality S structure trust
R. safely students U
rating sales success understanding
reach sand suggestions unique
recipe satisfaction suppliers user
recognition scriptures supply utilities
records series e surface V
recommendation c service surplus vacuum
28. More Useful Verbs in Describing Functions
Add Display Maintain Sense
Analyze Distribute Measure Separate
Arrange Eliminate Obtain Start
Attach Evaluate Position Store
Create Expand Prevent Support
Collect Extend Protect Test
Combine Freeze Recommend Transmit
Confirm Harden Record Transport
Contain Heat Reduce Use
Conduct Implement Remove Verify
Control Increase Resist
Convert Insulate Retain
Cool Invert Reverse
Destroy Isolate Rotate
Develop Locate Select
29. More Useful Nouns in Describing Functions
Air Fluid Noise Time
Area Force Opening Torque
Assembly Frequency Pressure Vehicle
Atmosphere Friction Protection Vibration
Cold Gas Resistance Volume
Color Heat Resistance Voltage
Comfort Humidity Rotation Waste
Communication Indication Shape Water
Component Information Size Wear
Current Length Solid Weight
Distance Material Sound
Enclosure Mixture Space
Energy Mobility Stress
Environment Moisture Temperature
Expansion Motion Texture
30. Example: International Ice Patrol
Send
Iceberg
Warnings
Transmit
Radio
Messages
Compile
Messages
Locate
Icebergs
Predict
Iceberg
Position
Purchase
Sensors
Hire
Operators
Move
Operators
Move
Sensors
Receive
Ship Data
Collect
Data
Predict Ice
Drift
Operate
Radio
Establish
Station
Ask How?
Ask Why?
• Formed in 1913
(result of Titanic sinking - 12Apr1012)
• Iceberg condition data collected by
• Fixed wing aircraft
• Buoys
•Report warnings at 9pm each day in
“plain, concise English” during ice season
from February thru July.
31. Ask Why ?
Locate
Sheet
Pierce Sheet
Adjust
Holes
Collect Waste
Attract User
Prohibit Rust
Protect Work Surface
Drop Holes
Collect Holes
Locate PunchAssembly
Retract Punch
Guide Punch
Drive Punch
Support Sheet
Paper Punch
Example:
Produce
Holes
Basic
Function
Ask How ?
Scope
Organize
Paper
Task
Decorate Surface
32. Mapping of Voice Of Customer to Functions
Example: Paper Punch
Locate Sheet
• Easy to insert
• Stays in place
Pierce Sheet
• Easy to press
• Won’t hurt hand
• Pierce multiple sheets
• Non-jamming
Adjust Hole (location)
• Easy access to assembly
• Easy to position
• Finger tight
• Stays in place
Collect Waste
• Holds large quantity of
holes
• Holes won’t fall out
• Easy to clean
Produce
Holes
35. DigitalAnswering Machine
FAST Diagram
Detect Rings Connect Line
Answer Phone Detect Dial-tone Disconnect Line
Receive Messages Store Messages Record Audio Digitize Signal
Basic Function Secondary Functions
Store Date/time
Volume Control Amplify Audio
Playback Messages Convert Message Retrieve Message
Display Date/time Retrieve Date/time
Case
DigitalAnswering Machine