Swabi was originally ruled by Hindu kings around 1000 years ago. It later came under Muslim rule in the 15th century and was part of successive empires like the Mughals. In the 20th century, Swabi became part of the North-West Frontier Province and was made a separate district in 1988. Ranigat is the site of 2nd century Buddhist ruins from the Gandhara civilization located in Swabi. It was an important center of Buddhist art and culture. Asota Sharif contains one of the oldest surviving stone circles in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa believed to date back to 1800-330 BCE.
Phases of Harappan Civilization; Town planning system; Important cities of Indus Valley Civilization: Harappa & Mohenjodaro; Economic life; Decline of Civilization..
harappa civilisation short notes. for series 1 and 2 B.Arch course.
history,culture ,economy, sculptures, town planning,great bath granary,streets,lower town, drainage system ,houses etc...
Phases of Harappan Civilization; Town planning system; Important cities of Indus Valley Civilization: Harappa & Mohenjodaro; Economic life; Decline of Civilization..
harappa civilisation short notes. for series 1 and 2 B.Arch course.
history,culture ,economy, sculptures, town planning,great bath granary,streets,lower town, drainage system ,houses etc...
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Krishna I and His Successors
Religion
Literature
Elephanta – 3 Faced Lord Shiva
Chalukyas
State Administration
Aihole Inscription of Pulikesin II
The contents of this presentation include:
Background
Languages
Buddhism
Hinduism
Gandhara civilization
Political history of gandhara
Alexander rule in swat
The governments from the 18th century to the 19th century
Terrorist attacks of 2007
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Krishna I and His Successors
Religion
Literature
Elephanta – 3 Faced Lord Shiva
Chalukyas
State Administration
Aihole Inscription of Pulikesin II
The contents of this presentation include:
Background
Languages
Buddhism
Hinduism
Gandhara civilization
Political history of gandhara
Alexander rule in swat
The governments from the 18th century to the 19th century
Terrorist attacks of 2007
Top 10 Tourist Destinations in Pakistan 2023.pdfssuser0eb94e
Pakistan is a country that is blessed with incredible natural beauty. From the majestic Himalayas in the north to the pristine beaches of the south, Pakistan offers a wide variety of landscapes that are sure to take your breath away.
One of the most famous tourist destinations in Pakistan is the northern region of the country, where the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges offer some of the most breathtaking views in the world. The area is also home to many glaciers, including the world's second-largest glacier, the Siachen Glacier. The northern region also features many high-altitude lakes, such as the beautiful Saiful Muluk, which is located at the base of the Malika Parbat mountain.
Another popular destination in Pakistan is the northern region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, which is home to the Neelum Valley. The valley is known for its stunning scenery, including the Neelum River, which winds its way through the valley, and the lush green forests that cover the surrounding hills. The valley is also home to many small villages and towns, which offer a glimpse into the traditional way of life in the region.
In the south of Pakistan, the Sindh province is home to the Arabian Sea and the famous beaches of Pakistan. The beaches of Karachi and Gwadar are famous for their white sandy beaches, crystal-clear waters, and beautiful sunsets. The area is also home to many small fishing villages, which offer a glimpse into the traditional way of life of the local people.
Pakistan is also home to many cultural and historical sites, including the ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro, which is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. The city, which dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers a fascinating glimpse into the past. Other historical sites in Pakistan include the ancient city of Taxila, which was an important center of Buddhism, and the Lahore Fort, which is a beautiful example of Mughal architecture.
In short, Pakistan is a country that is rich in natural beauty, culture, and history. From the majestic Himalayas in the north to the pristine beaches of the south, Pakistan offers a wide variety of landscapes that are sure to take your breath away. It is also home to many cultural and historical sites, making it a perfect destination for those who are interested in learning more about the country's past and present.
Know about Maharashtra while you are planning to visit the place. It is one of the Top tourists destinations in India where you will find so many things to visit, to wnjoy, to learn. Visit through Maharashtra with theotherhome.com
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
• Introduction of Balochistan
• Heritage of Balochistan
• Tourism in Balochistan
• Food and Clothing of Balochistan
• Entrepreneurship in Balochistan
• Social issues of Balochistan
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. History of Swabi:
About thousand years ago Swabi was
under the rule of Hindu Raja. At that time in Ghazni
(Afghanistan) a
Muslim ruler Sabuktageen was ruling. He defeated Hindu
Raja and occupied this Area. After him, his son Mahmood
Ghazanvi became the king. In 1526 another Muslim king
Bahar established his rule here. The Mughals ruled here for
about 300 years. After Mughals Ahmad Shah Abdali ruled
here, after him his son part of Punjab. In 1901 Swabi become
a part of NWFP. After the creation of Pakistan it was a part of
Mardan District. But later on for the convenience of public
and development of region government declared it as a
separate district on1st July 1988.
3. Ranigat is a collection of 2nd century CE Buddhist ruins spread over
an area of 4 square kilometers which dates from
the Gandhara civilization. Ranigat is located in
valley SWABI of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
According to the archeologists, Ranigat remained the center of
Buddhist art and culture for centuries. Ranigat, has been a celebrated
part of folklore, with songs and stories having been written about it.[1]
Rani Gatt (lit. the queen of stones in a Pashto) is a 2500-year-
old Buddhist archaeological site belonging to
the Gandahara civilization located in district Buner of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Raniagut is a good evidence of the Buddhist
past of the area. The site is located on top of a hill, accessible by
climbing the stairs constructed by the Japanese. The main attractions
include; Stupas, a big rock erected by the ancient people at some
distance that they probably used to worship.
4.
5. Asota Sharif (Kalula) Stone Circle
The Asota Sharif Megaliths in Swabi are perhaps one of the
rarest and oldest surviving man-made features in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province. The standing stones are believed to
date back to the Achemenian period (550-330 BCE). However,
recent speculation suggests it could date back to the Aryan
migration into the Indus Valley beginning in 1800 BCE.
A stone circle is a monument of standing stones arranged in a
circle. Such monuments have been constructed in many parts
of the world throughout history for many different reasons.
The best known tradition of stone circle construction occurred
across Western Europe in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze
Age. Stonehenge stands as the most famous of these sites.
However, in Pakistan stone circle sites have also been
discovered at Bawata in Balochistan and Asota Sharif (Kalula)
in Khyber Pakthtunkhwa,
6.
7. This small village is said to be the capital of Gandhara civilization
under the Hindu Shahi dynasty in the 9th century.This was a
gateway to India. Hund is an archaeological treasure. The
building houses Hund Museum, which opened a few years back.
8. Hund in Swabi District is located near the site
where Alexander the Great crossed the Indus River
in 327. BC.It has remains of a Mughal era red brick
fort dating to 16th cent. AD from Akbar’s period.
Hund Museum, with a rest house, is located near
the site where Alexander the Great crossed the
Indus River. Alexander’s Memorial in the form of a
Greek Corinthian pillar to the great conqueror has
been erected here which is visible from the M1
Motorway. From Hund one can either go to
Jehangira reaching the main Grand Trunk (G.T)
Road