E-Commerce Topics:
» Introduction of E-Commere
» The Advent of E-commerce
» Types of E-commerce
» The Scope of E-commerce
» Supply Chain Application
» What is E-commerce?
» Advantages of E-commerce
» The Business Model
» Developments in Supply Chain Management
» Business-to-business transactions in E-commerce
» Business-to-consumer transaction in E-commerce
» Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
A fantastic PPT on the nature and concept of business. This PPT will enable the learners to understand the concepts and fundamentals of business. The PPT includes types of human activities - economic & non-economic activities, types of economic activities - business, profession, employment, features of business, multiple objectives of business, types of business activities, types of industry, classification of commerce, meaning and types of business risk.
E-Commerce Topics:
» Introduction of E-Commere
» The Advent of E-commerce
» Types of E-commerce
» The Scope of E-commerce
» Supply Chain Application
» What is E-commerce?
» Advantages of E-commerce
» The Business Model
» Developments in Supply Chain Management
» Business-to-business transactions in E-commerce
» Business-to-consumer transaction in E-commerce
» Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
A fantastic PPT on the nature and concept of business. This PPT will enable the learners to understand the concepts and fundamentals of business. The PPT includes types of human activities - economic & non-economic activities, types of economic activities - business, profession, employment, features of business, multiple objectives of business, types of business activities, types of industry, classification of commerce, meaning and types of business risk.
E-commerce or Electronic commerce, is the purchasing, selling and exchanging of goods and services over computer network. These business transactions occur either as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business
Describe the characteristics of the digital economy and e-business.
Identify the major pressures in the business environment and describe the major organizational responses to them.
Describe the role of information technology in supporting the functional areas, public services and specific industries
CHAPTER 19 BUSINESS STUDIES NIOS XII
meaning of marketing;
differentiate between ‘marketing’ and ‘selling’;
importance of marketing
objectives of marketing
functions of marketing
The word ‘Market’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Marcatus’, means a place where business is conducted.
A market is a place which allows the purchaser and the seller to invent and gather information and lets them carry-out exchange of various products and services. In other words, the meaning of market refers to a place where the trading of goods takes place.
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges which satisfy individual and organizational objectives
Marketing is an effective way of engaging customers
Marketing helps to build and maintain the company’s reputation.
Marketing helps to build a relationship between a business and its customers
Marketing is a communication channel used to inform customers
Marketing helps to boosts sales
Marketing aids in providing insights about your business
Marketing helps your business to maintain relevance
Marketing creates revenue options
Marketing helps the management team to make informed decisions
E-commerce or Electronic commerce, is the purchasing, selling and exchanging of goods and services over computer network. These business transactions occur either as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business
Describe the characteristics of the digital economy and e-business.
Identify the major pressures in the business environment and describe the major organizational responses to them.
Describe the role of information technology in supporting the functional areas, public services and specific industries
CHAPTER 19 BUSINESS STUDIES NIOS XII
meaning of marketing;
differentiate between ‘marketing’ and ‘selling’;
importance of marketing
objectives of marketing
functions of marketing
The word ‘Market’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Marcatus’, means a place where business is conducted.
A market is a place which allows the purchaser and the seller to invent and gather information and lets them carry-out exchange of various products and services. In other words, the meaning of market refers to a place where the trading of goods takes place.
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges which satisfy individual and organizational objectives
Marketing is an effective way of engaging customers
Marketing helps to build and maintain the company’s reputation.
Marketing helps to build a relationship between a business and its customers
Marketing is a communication channel used to inform customers
Marketing helps to boosts sales
Marketing aids in providing insights about your business
Marketing helps your business to maintain relevance
Marketing creates revenue options
Marketing helps the management team to make informed decisions
To achieve success in marketing, effort must be made to have glimpse of the big picture and the activities that must be performed to achieve the set marketing objectives. These set of activities are called marketing functions
Promotion Mix, Factors determining the promotion mix, Promotional Tools,Types of Advertisement, Sales promotion, Public Relations and Publicity, Personal Selling, Distribution, Designing Marketing Channels, Channel functions, Types of Intermediaries.
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital CommercePushON Ltd
Vladimir Mulhem has over 20 years of experience in commercialising cutting edge creative technology across construction, marketing and retail.
Previously the founder and Tech and Innovation Director of Creative Content Works working with the likes of Next, John Lewis and JD Sport, he now helps retailers, brands and agencies solve challenges of applying the emerging technologies 3D, AR, VR and Gen AI to real-world problems.
In this webinar, Vladimir will be covering the following topics:
Applications of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce,
Benefits of 3D and AR,
Tools to create, manage and publish 3D and AR in Digital Commerce.
AI-Powered Personalization: Principles, Use Cases, and Its Impact on CROVWO
In today’s era of AI, personalization is more than just a trend—it’s a fundamental strategy that unlocks numerous opportunities.
When done effectively, personalization builds trust, loyalty, and satisfaction among your users—key factors for business success. However, relying solely on AI capabilities isn’t enough. You need to anchor your approach in solid principles, understand your users’ context, and master the art of persuasion.
Join us as Sarjak Patel and Naitry Saggu from 3rd Eye Consulting unveil a transformative framework. This approach seamlessly integrates your unique context, consumer insights, and conversion goals, paving the way for unparalleled success in personalization.
Mastering Multi-Touchpoint Content Strategy: Navigate Fragmented User JourneysSearch Engine Journal
Digital platforms are constantly multiplying, and with that, user engagement is becoming more intricate and fragmented.
So how do you effectively navigate distributing and tailoring your content across these various touchpoints?
Watch this webinar as we dive into the evolving landscape of content strategy tailored for today's fragmented user journeys. Understanding how to deliver your content to your users is more crucial than ever, and we’ll provide actionable tips for navigating these intricate challenges.
You’ll learn:
- How today’s users engage with content across various channels and devices.
- The latest methodologies for identifying and addressing content gaps to keep your content strategy proactive and relevant.
- What digital shelf space is and how your content strategy needs to pivot.
With Wayne Cichanski, we’ll explore innovative strategies to map out and meet the diverse needs of your audience, ensuring every piece of content resonates and connects, regardless of where or how it is consumed.
Digital Commerce Lecture for Advanced Digital & Social Media Strategy at UCLA...Valters Lauzums
E-commerce in 2024 is characterized by a dynamic blend of opportunities and significant challenges. Supply chain disruptions and inventory shortages are critical issues, leading to increased shipping delays and rising costs, which impact timely delivery and squeeze profit margins. Efficient logistics management is essential, yet it is often hampered by these external factors. Payment processing, while needing to ensure security and user convenience, grapples with preventing fraud and integrating diverse payment methods, adding another layer of complexity. Furthermore, fulfillment operations require a streamlined approach to handle volume spikes and maintain accuracy in order picking, packing, and shipping, all while meeting customers' heightened expectations for faster delivery times.
Amid these operational challenges, customer data has emerged as an important strategy. By focusing on personalization and enhancing customer experience from historical behavior, businesses can deliver improved website and brand experienced, better product recommendations, optimal promotions, and content to meet individual preferences. Better data analytics can also help in effectively creating marketing campaigns, improving customer retention, and driving product development and inventory management.
Innovative formats such as social commerce and live shopping are beginning to impact the digital commerce landscape, offering new ways to engage with customers and drive sales, and may provide opportunity for brands that have been priced out or seen a downturn with post-pandemic shopping behavior. Social commerce integrates shopping experiences directly into social media platforms, tapping into the massive user bases of these networks to increase reach and engagement. Live shopping, on the other hand, combines entertainment and real-time interaction, providing a dynamic platform for showcasing products and encouraging immediate purchases. These innovations not only enhance customer engagement but also provide valuable data for businesses to refine their strategies and deliver superior shopping experiences.
The e-commerce sector is evolving rapidly, and businesses that effectively manage operational challenges and implement innovative strategies are best positioned for long-term success.
When most people in the industry talk about online or digital reputation management, what they're really saying is Google search and PPC. And it's usually reactive, left dealing with the aftermath of negative information published somewhere online. That's outdated. It leaves executives, organizations and other high-profile individuals at a high risk of a digital reputation attack that spans channels and tactics. But the tools needed to safeguard against an attack are more cybersecurity-oriented than most marketing and communications professionals can manage. Business leaders Leaders grasp the importance; 83% of executives place reputation in their top five areas of risk, yet only 23% are confident in their ability to address it. To succeed in 2024 and beyond, you need to turn online reputation on its axis and think like an attacker.\
Key Takeaways:
- New framework for examining and safeguarding an online reputation
- Tools and techniques to keep you a step ahead
- Practical examples that demonstrate when to act, how to act and how to recover
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranksminatamang0021
In the world of content creation, many AI bloggers have drifted away from their original vision, resulting in low-quality articles that search engines overlook. Don't let that happen to you! Join us to discover how to leverage AI tools effectively to craft high-quality content that not only captures your audience's attention but also ranks well on search engines.
Disclaimer: Some of the prompts mentioned here are the examples of Matt Diggity. Please use it as reference and make your own custom prompts.
5 big bets to drive growth in 2024 without one additional marketing dollar AND how to adapt to the biggest shifting eCommerce trend- AI.
1) Romance Your Customers - Retention
2) ‘Alternative’ Lead Gen - Advocacy
3) The Beautiful Basics - Conversion Rate Optimization
4) Land that Bottom Line - Profitability
5) Roll the Dice - New Business Models
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Core Web Vitals SEO Workshop - improve your performance [pdf]Peter Mead
Core Web Vitals to improve your website performance for better SEO results with CWV.
CWV Topics include:
- Understanding the latest Core Web Vitals including the significance of LCP, INP and CLS + their impact on SEO
- Optimisation techniques from our experts on how to improve your CWV on platforms like WordPress and WP Engine
- The impact of user experience and SEO
Most small businesses struggle to see marketing results. In this session, we will eliminate any confusion about what to do next, solving your marketing problems so your business can thrive. You’ll learn how to create a foundational marketing OS (operating system) based on neuroscience and backed by real-world results. You’ll be taught how to develop deep customer connections, and how to have your CRM dynamically segment and sell at any stage in the customer’s journey. By the end of the session, you’ll remove confusion and chaos and replace it with clarity and confidence for long-term marketing success.
Key Takeaways:
• Uncover the power of a foundational marketing system that dynamically communicates with prospects and customers on autopilot.
• Harness neuroscience and Tribal Alignment to transform your communication strategies, turning potential clients into fans and those fans into loyal customers.
• Discover the art of automated segmentation, pinpointing your most lucrative customers and identifying the optimal moments for successful conversions.
• Streamline your business with a content production plan that eliminates guesswork, wasted time, and money.
10 Video Ideas Any Business Can Make RIGHT NOW!
You'll never draw a blank again on what kind of video to make for your business. Go beyond the basic categories and truly reimagine a brand new advanced way to brainstorm video content creation. During this masterclass you'll be challenged to think creatively and outside of the box and view your videos through lenses you may have never thought of previously. It's guaranteed that you'll leave with more than 10 video ideas, but I like to under-promise and over-deliver. Don't miss this session.
Key Takeaways:
How to use the Video Matrix
How to use additional "Lenses"
Where to source original video ideas
In this presentation, Danny Leibrandt explains the impact of AI on SEO and what Google has been doing about it. Learn how to take your SEO game to the next level and win over Google with his new strategy anyone can use. Get actionable steps to rank your name, your business, and your clients on Google - the right way.
Key Takeaways:
1. Real content is king
2. Find ways to show EEAT
3. Repurpose across all platforms
Is AI-Generated Content the Future of Content Creation?Cut-the-SaaS
Discover the transformative power of AI in content creation with our presentation, "Is AI-Generated Content the Future of Content Creation?" by Puran Parsani, CEO & Editor of Cut-The-SaaS. Learn how AI-generated content is revolutionizing marketing, publishing, education, healthcare, and finance by offering unprecedented efficiency, creativity, and scalability.
Understanding
AI-Generated Content:
AI-generated content includes text, images, videos, and audio produced by AI without direct human involvement. This technology leverages large datasets to create contextually relevant and coherent material, streamlining content production.
Key Benefits:
Content Creation: Rapidly generate high-quality content for blogs, articles, and social media.
Brainstorming: AI simulates conversations to inspire creative ideas.
Research Assistance: Efficiently summarize and research information.
Market Insights:
The content marketing industry is projected to grow to $17.6 billion by 2032, with AI-generated content expected to dominate over 55% of the market.
Case Study: CNET’s AI Content Controversy:
CNET’s use of AI for news articles led to public scrutiny due to factual inaccuracies, highlighting the need for transparency and human oversight.
Benefits Across Industries:
Marketing: Personalize content at scale and optimize engagement with predictive analytics.
Publishing: Automate content creation for faster publication cycles.
Education: Efficiently generate educational materials.
Healthcare: Create accurate content for patients and professionals.
Finance: Produce timely financial content for decision-making.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations:
Transparency: Disclose AI use to maintain trust.
Bias: Address potential AI biases with diverse datasets.
SEO: Ensure AI content meets SEO standards.
Quality: Maintain high standards to prevent misinformation.
Conclusion:
AI-generated content offers significant benefits in efficiency, personalization, and scalability. However, ethical considerations and quality assurance are crucial for responsible use. Explore the future of content creation with us and see how AI is transforming various industries.
Connect with Us:
Follow Cut-The-SaaS on LinkedIn, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and Medium. Visit cut-the-saas.com for more insights and resources.
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
A.I. (artificial intelligence) platforms are popping up all the time, and many of them can and should be used to help grow your brand, increase your sales and decrease your marketing costs.In this presentation:We will review some of the best AI platforms that are available for you to use.We will interact with some of the platforms in real-time, so attendees can see how they work.We will also look at some current brands that are using AI to help them create marketing messages, saving them time and money in the process. Lastly, we will discuss the pros and cons of using AI in marketing & branding and have a lively conversation that includes comments from the audience.
Key Takeaways:
Attendees will learn about LLM platforms, like ChatGPT, and how they work, with preset examples and real time interactions with the platform. Attendees will learn about other AI platforms that are creating graphic design elements at the push of a button...pre-set examples and real-time interactions.Attendees will discuss the pros & cons of AI in marketing + branding and share their perspectives with one another. Attendees will learn about the cost savings and the time savings associated with using AI, should they choose to.
2. Marketing in Traditional Sense
The word market is derived from a Latin word,
“Marcatus”, which means a place of business
It is a location where buyers and sellers of goods
assembles to facilitate exchange
Therefore, market refers to a place
3. Market in Different Context
Product market
Pepper market, Vegetable market, share market etc.
Geographical market
Local market, national market, international market
Based on types of buyers
Consumer market and industrial market
Based on quantity of goods
Wholesale and Retail market
4. Marketing in Modern Sense
In modern sense the term market refers to the
aggregate potential demand for a product or
service
Eg: Market for car is booming means the
enhanced collective demand for cars
6. Marketing
Marketing can be defined as an exchange
transaction in between buyer and seller
All activities connected with transfer of goods and services
from the producer to the consumer come within the purview
of marketing
They include production, transportation, storage,
advertising etc.
7. Marketing
Though selling and sales promotion are integral
part of marketing, they are not everything
Therefore marketing is a broader term and is concerned
with the identification of needs and wants of consumers
and finding out ways and means for satisfying them
8. Marketing
Definition:
“Marketing is a social process by which individuals
and groups obtain what they need and want
through creating, offering and freely exchanging
products and services of value with others”
– Philip Kotler
American Marketing Author
9. Features of Marketing
1. Needs and Wants
Marketing process helps the people in getting what
they want
The focus of marketing is on the satisfaction of their
needs and wants
A marketer’s job is to identify the needs of consumers and
develop products or services accordingly
10. Features of Marketing
2. Creating a market offering
Market offering means a complete offer of a product
or service
While offering products to customers, it should include the
features like size, quality, taste, price, availability etc.
11. Features of Marketing
3. Customer value
Consumer buys a product based on its value to
satisfy their need
Eg: Mouth Freshener in Toothpaste
So the marketer should always add value to his products,
so that the customer prefers it
12. Features of Marketing
4. Exchange Mechanism
It refers to a process through which two or more
parties come together to obtain the desired product
or service from someone, in return making a
payment to the other
13. ● Two parties – buyer and seller.
● Offering something – Seller offer a product and
the buyer, money.
● Ability to communicate – Each party should
communicate and deliver the product or service.
● Freedom – Each party has the freedom to accept
or reject the offer.
● Voluntary – Acceptance or rejection of the offer
must not be on compulsion.
Essential conditions in exchange
mechanism
14. Usually products are marketed, in marketing
literature, anything that can be value to the buyer
may be termed as product
What can be Marketed ?
It may be tangible or intangible products
It also includes person, place, event, experience,
organization etc.
15. Marketer or Seller
Marketer refers to any person, who takes a lead
role in the process of exchange
Normally it is the seller
Consumer seeks satisfaction by consuming
products and services, whereas the marketer
provides satisfaction by offering products
16. Marketer or Seller
Marketers creating new needs in the minds of
consumers like use of washing machine, vacuum
cleaners, cooking range, mobile phone etc.
Some of these products become the ‘part and parcel’ of
our life, but many of them were unknown to the older
generations
17. Marketing Management
Marketing management is the functional area of
management concerned with planning, organizing,
directing and controlling the activities related to
marketing of goods and services to satisfy
customer’s wants
18. Process of Marketing Management
1. Choosing a target market
2. Create demand for the product
3. Create superior values
19. Marketing and Selling
Marketing is a continuous process of identifying
consumer needs and fulfilling such needs through
product development, promotion and pricing
Marketing begins before production and continues
even after the sales
But selling is the mere transfer of ownership of goods
from the seller to the buyer
20. 1. Sellers Needs
2. Begins after production
3. Sale of goods
4. Product oriented
5. Through sales volume
6. Buyer beware
7. Micro approach
8. Short term perspective
1. Customers Needs
2. Begins before production
3. Product planning and
development
4. Customer oriented
5. Profits through consumer
satisfaction
6. Seller beware
7. Macro approach
8. Long term perspective
Marketing Vs. Selling
Marketing Selling
22. Functions of Marketing
1. Gathering and analyzing market information
This will help to identify the needs of customers and
can take vital decisions
It is highly useful for analyzing opportunities,
threats, strength and weakness of the firm
23. Functions of Marketing
E.g., To increase the market share of a product in next one
year by 20%
2. Marketing plan
A proper marketing plan should be developed to
achieve the marketing objectives of the firm
Market Share
24. Functions of Marketing
3. Product designing and development
The product should be developed and designed to
meet the customer needs
Marketing department should always be on the look out to
make necessary changes in the product such as packing,
price, size, colour, shape and design
Product Design
Hand Wash
Soap
25. Functions of Marketing
4. Standardization and grading
Standardization refers to producing goods in
predetermined standards such as quality, price, packaging
etc. which ensures uniformity and consistency
So that buyers need not inspect, test and evaluate such
goods in their future purchases
26. Grading
Grading is the process of classifying products into different
classes on the basis of quality, size, weight etc.
It is needed in agricultural products
This helps in realizing higher price for better quality
27. Functions of Marketing
5. Packaging and Labelling
Package is a container or a wrapper or a box in
which a product is enclosed
It is done for protecting the goods from damage in
transit and storage, now a days it is also used to
establish the brand
28. Labelling
Labelling refers to designing and developing the
label to be put on the package to give the
specifications of the product in the package
29. Functions of Marketing
6. Branding
It is the process of giving a name or symbol to a
product for identifying and differentiating it from the
products of competitors
E.g., BMW, TATA, JIO, Pears, Coco-cola etc.
30. Functions of Marketing
7. Customer support service
These are after sales services, handling customer
complaints, maintenance services, technical
services and customer information
All these will provide maximum satisfaction to the
customers.
31. Functions of Marketing
8. Pricing
Price of a product means the amount of money that
have to pay to obtain a product
A sound pricing policy is an important factor for selling the
products to customers
The pricing policy of a firm should attract all types of
customers.
32. Functions of Marketing
9. Promotion
It means informing the customers about the firm’s
products and persuading them to buy these
products
Promotion techniques include advertising, personal selling,
sales promotion and publicity
33. Functions of Marketing
10. Physical distribution
It involves planning, implementing and controlling
the flow of materials and finished goods from the
origin to the point of use to meet the customer
requirement at a profit
A suitable distribution channel must be selected by the
marketing management in this regard
34. Functions of Marketing
11. Transportation
It is an integral part of marketing as it helps in
making available the product at the terminal point of
consumption
35. Functions of Marketing
12. Storage or warehousing
Goods are produced in anticipation of future
demand
They have to be stored properly in warehouses to
protect them from damages
36. Role of Marketing
1. Role in a firm
Marketing plays a significant role in achieving the
objectives of a firm
It emphasizes that customer satisfaction is the key
to survival and growth of an organization
Eg: What products or services will be marketed by a
firm will depend upon what do its customers need
37. Role of Marketing
2. Role in the Economy
Marketing plays an important role in the economic
development of the country and helps in raising the
standard of living of the people
It also accelerates the economic activity leading to
higher incomes, more consumption and increased
savings and investment
38. Marketing Mix
It is the combination of four inputs which constitute
the core of the company’s marketing system, the
product, the price structure, the promotional
activities and the place of distribution
It is also known as four ‘Ps’ of marketing mix, namely
Product, Price, Place (distribution) and Promotion
40. Elements of Marketing Mix
1. Product
Product means goods or services or anything of
value which is offered for sale in the market
It is the most important component of marketing mix, which
involves planning, developing and producing the right type
of goods and services needed by the consumer
41. 2. Price
The price of a product should be fixed that the firm
is able to sell it profitably
It may consider credit policies, discount system, terms of
delivery, payment, retail price, cost of production,
competition, government regulations etc.
Elements of Marketing Mix
42. 3. Place
It refers to marketing efforts undertaken to make the
product available at the right time in the right place
There are products which are
produced at one part of the
country and it is consumed in
different places during different
seasons
Elements of Marketing Mix
43. 4. Promotion
All those activities undertaken to inform the
consumers about the product(s) of the company
and persuade them to buy
Advertising, personal selling, publicity and sales promotion
are the four elements of promotion mix
Elements of Marketing Mix
45. Consumer Products
Products which are purchased by the ultimate
consumers for personal or family use, but not
for resale
E.g., soap, toothpaste, calculator, furniture, shoes etc.
46. Consumer Products
Based on Shopping
Efforts Involved
Based on
Durability
Convenience Products
Shopping Products
Speciality Products
Non-Durable Products
Durable Products
Services
47. Consumer Products – Shopping Efforts Involved
Eg: soap, toothpaste, bread, magazines, biscuits etc.
1. Convenience products
Consumer products that people usually purchase
frequently, and with least purchasing efforts
48. Features of Convenience Products
● Purchased with least efforts and time
● Generally essential products.
● Purchase unit is small and low price.
● Standardized price and most of them are branded
items.
● Heavy competition on such products, hence
heavy advertisement is needed.
● Sales promotion techniques and short term
incentives are needed.
49. Consumer Products – Shopping Efforts Involved
Eg: Home appliances, clothes, jewellery, furniture,
TV, Computer, Washing machine etc.
2. Shopping products
These are the products purchased by the consumers by
spending considerable time in comparison of features
like price, quality, size, style etc.
50. Features of Shopping Products
● Durable in nature.
● Price and profit per unit is comparatively high.
● Since the unit price is high, consumer take much
efforts before purchasing decision.
● Buying of these products is generally pre-planned
but no impulse buying (without a plan).
● Generally handled by retailers.
51. Consumer Products – Shopping Efforts Involved
Eg: Paintings, artwork, antiques, idols etc
3. Speciality products
These products have unique characteristics and brand
loyalty of the highest order for which consumers willing
to make special purchasing effort
52. Features of Speciality Products
● Demand for such products is inelastic, even if the
price increases, demand does not decrease.
● Demand for such products is limited as there will
be small number of buyers.
● These products are costly.
● They are available only in specific places, so the
buyers have to take extra effort.
53. Consumer Products – Based on Durability
E.g: TV, Car, Refrigerator, Mobile phones etc.
1. Durable Goods
These are tangible consumer products which have
long period of life
54. Features of Durable Goods
● It remains in use for a long period.
● High cost and high profit margin.
● High selling effort is needed.
● Guarantees and after sales service provided.
55. Consumer Products – Based on Durability
E.g., soft drinks, soap, toothpaste, detergents,
stationery items, vegetables etc.
2. Non-durable Goods
These are consumer goods which are normally
consumed once or for a few uses
56. Features of Non-Durable Goods
● Low price and low profit margin.
● Available in all areas.
● Heavy advertisement.
57. Consumer Products – Based on Durability
E.g., services offered by a doctor, lawyer, hair
cutting, dry cleaning, tailoring, repair work etc.
3. Services
It refers to those activities, benefits or satisfactions,
which are offered for sale and are intangible in
nature
58. Features of Services
● Intangible in nature.
● Inseparable from its source (cannot separate
service from the service provider)
● Services cannot be stored.
● Highly variable based on the persons providing
them.
59. Industrial Products
Materials & Parts Capital Items Supplies &
Business Services
Raw
Materials
Manufactured
Materials & Parts
Installations Equipments
Maintenance &
Repair Items
Operating
Supplies
Farm
Products
Natural
Products
Component
Materials
Component
Parts
60. Industrial Products
E.g., engines, lubricants, machines, raw materials etc.
These products are used as inputs in making other
products
a. Limited Number of Buyers
Number of buyers will be limited when compared to
consumer goods
b. Distribution channel will be short
Direct selling or one level channel is more suitable for
industrial products
61. Features of Industrial Products
c. Regional Demand
Industries are located in certain regions, for example,
demand for power loom comes from Mumbai,
Bangalore etc. where textiles industries are
concentrated in India
d. Derived Demand
The demand for industrial products is derived from the
demand for consumer products
E.g: Demand for leather is derived from the
demand for shoes, bags etc.
62. Features of Industrial Products
e. Role of technical consideration
Technical consideration is significant in industrial
products, because of it's complex nature
Heavy duty transformer
f. Reciprocal buying
It means mutual buying
Eg: TATA Motors buys tyres from MRF
which in turn buy
trucks from TATA
63. Features of Industrial Products
g. Leasing out
Instead of outright purchase of heavy machineries, it
may procure on lease basis
64. Classification of Industrial Products
1. Materials and parts
These products are used for manufacture of useful
finished goods
Materials & Parts
Raw Materials Manufactured
Materials & Parts
Farm
Products
Natural
Products
Component
Materials
Component
Parts
65. Raw materials include farm products like cotton,
sugar cane etc. and natural products like crude
oil, iron ore etc.
Raw Materials
66. Manufactured Materials & Parts
Manufactured materials include partly processed
goods which are used in making finished goods
It includes component materials like iron, yarn,
cement etc. and component parts like tyres,
battery motors etc.
67. Classification of Industrial Products
2. Capital items
Installations like elevators, main frame computers
etc. and equipments like tools, machinery etc.
68. Classification of Industrial Products
3. Supplies and business services
They include short lasting goods for producing
finished goods
Eg: Repair items like nails, paints etc. and operating
supplies like lubricants, cotton waste etc.
69. It refers to the process of giving a name or sign or a
symbol to a product for identifying and
distinguishing it from competitors
Branding
Eg: Titan, Audi, Bata, Lifebouy, Pears etc.
70. Terms Related to Branding
Generic Name
Brand
Brand Name
Brand Mark
Trade Mark
71. ● Make an identity
● Helps in advertising
and display programs
price than
● To charge higher
the
competitors
introduce
● Easy to
new product
identifying
● Helps in
the product
confidence in
● Ensures quality and
the
mind of customers
● Status symbol
● Helps to increase the
level of satisfaction
Advantages of Branding
72. 1. Short and simple
2. Suggests the benefit of product
3. Distinctive
4. Adaptable
5. Versatile
6. Legal protection
7. Staying power
Characteristics of a good brand name
73. Packaging
It refers to the designing and producing the
container or wrapper of a product
It has an important role in the marketing success or
failure of a product
74. Levels of Packaging
1. Primary packaging
The immediate container of a product is called
primary packet
Eg: Tube for shaving cream, tooth paste etc. and a
bottle for horlicks
2. Secondary packaging
It gives an additional protection for the product
Eg: The card board box for a tooth paste tube
75. Levels of Packaging
3. Transportation packing
It is a further packaging of products for storage and
transportation
Eg: A toothpaste manufacturer may send the goods
to the retailers in a large box containing 100 pieces
76. 1. Rising standards of health and sanitation
2. Suitable for Self Service Outlets
3. Innovational opportunities
4. Product differentiation
Importance of Packaging
77. 1. Product identification
2. Product protection
3. Facilitating the use of the product
4. Product promotion
Functions of Packaging
78. Labelling
Labelling refers to the designing and developing
the label to be put on the package
It may be attached to the product and carries
information about the product and the producer in
the form of a tag, sticker etc.
79. 1. Describe the Product
2. Identification of product or brand
3. To Identify the Manufacturer
4. Grading
5. Promotion of products
6. Providing information required by law
Functions of Labelling
80. Pricing
Price of a product is the amount of money paid by
the buyer in consideration of purchase of a product
or service
Pricing is the function of determining product value in terms
of money before it is offered to consumers for sale
A good pricing policy enables a firm to achieve maximum
sales revenue
81. Factors affecting price determination
1. Product cost
2. Utility and demand
3. Extent of competition
4. Government and legal regulations
5. Pricing objectives
6. Marketing methods used