These All Cloud Computing Architectures have been Discussed in this Lecture
Hypervisor Clustering Architecture
Load Balanced Virtual Server Instances Architecture
Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture
Zero Downtime Architecture
Cloud Balancing Architecture
Resource Reservation Architecture
Dynamic Failure Detection and Recovery Architecture
Bare-Metal Provisioning Architecture
Rapid Provisioning Architecture
Storage Workload Management Architecture
A brief study on Storage Area Network (SAN), SAN architecture & its importance. It focuses on the techniques and the technologies that have evolved around SAN & its Security.
These All Cloud Computing Architectures have been Discussed in this Lecture
Hypervisor Clustering Architecture
Load Balanced Virtual Server Instances Architecture
Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture
Zero Downtime Architecture
Cloud Balancing Architecture
Resource Reservation Architecture
Dynamic Failure Detection and Recovery Architecture
Bare-Metal Provisioning Architecture
Rapid Provisioning Architecture
Storage Workload Management Architecture
A brief study on Storage Area Network (SAN), SAN architecture & its importance. It focuses on the techniques and the technologies that have evolved around SAN & its Security.
Virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual resource such as a server, desktop, operating system, file, storage or network.
The main goal of virtualization is to manage workloads by radically transforming traditional computing to make it more scalable.
The server administrator uses a software application to divide one physical server into multiple isolated virtual environments.
Case study of amazon EC2 by Akash BadoneAkash Badone
Introduction to Amazon EC2, Historical Trends, Elastic Map Reduce (EMR), Dynamo DB, RDS, S3, EBS, Iaas, Getting started with EC2 from scratch. Creating key pairs, Launching an instance and types of the instance.AWS services, virtualization and XEN hypervisor with cost (according to on-demand services).
What is Virtualization and its types & Techniques.What is hypervisor and its ...Shashi soni
This PPT contains Following Topics-
1.what is virtualization?
2.Examples of virtualization.
3.Techniques of virtualization.
4.Types of virtualization.
5.What is Hipervisor.
6.Types of Hypervisor with Diagrams.
Some set of examples are there like Virtual Box with demo image.
This is summary on Virtualization. It contains benefits and different types of Virtualization. For example:Server Virtualization, Network Virtualization, Data Virtualization etc.
Group of independent servers interconnected through a dedicated network to work as one centralized data processing resource.
Clusters are capable of performing multiple complex instructions by distributing workload across all connected servers.
Clustering improves the system's availability to users, its aggregate performance, and overall tolerance to faults and component failures.
Virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual resource such as a server, desktop, operating system, file, storage or network.
The main goal of virtualization is to manage workloads by radically transforming traditional computing to make it more scalable.
The server administrator uses a software application to divide one physical server into multiple isolated virtual environments.
Case study of amazon EC2 by Akash BadoneAkash Badone
Introduction to Amazon EC2, Historical Trends, Elastic Map Reduce (EMR), Dynamo DB, RDS, S3, EBS, Iaas, Getting started with EC2 from scratch. Creating key pairs, Launching an instance and types of the instance.AWS services, virtualization and XEN hypervisor with cost (according to on-demand services).
What is Virtualization and its types & Techniques.What is hypervisor and its ...Shashi soni
This PPT contains Following Topics-
1.what is virtualization?
2.Examples of virtualization.
3.Techniques of virtualization.
4.Types of virtualization.
5.What is Hipervisor.
6.Types of Hypervisor with Diagrams.
Some set of examples are there like Virtual Box with demo image.
This is summary on Virtualization. It contains benefits and different types of Virtualization. For example:Server Virtualization, Network Virtualization, Data Virtualization etc.
Group of independent servers interconnected through a dedicated network to work as one centralized data processing resource.
Clusters are capable of performing multiple complex instructions by distributing workload across all connected servers.
Clustering improves the system's availability to users, its aggregate performance, and overall tolerance to faults and component failures.
Server virtualization has forever changed the way we think about compute resources. Traditional storage architecture is a mismatch for today's virtualized environments. Gridstore's unique and patented architecture solves this problem and increases performance while decreasing costs. Learn how.
Virtual versions of servers, applications, networks and storage can be created through virtualization. Its main types include operating system virtualization (VMs), hardware virtualization, application-server virtualization, storage virtualization, network virtualization, administrative virtualization and application virtualization.
Cloud infrastructure mechanisms are foundational building blocks of cloud environments that establish primary artifacts to form the basis of fundamental cloud technology architecture.
virtualization is the solution to the under utilization problem. And the essence of virtualization is an abstraction layer of software called the Hypervisor.
Image steganography techniques can be classified into two major categories such as spatial domain techniques and frequency domain techniques.
In spatial domain techniques the secret message is hidden inside the image by applying some manipulation over the different pixels of the image.
In frequency domain techniques the image is transformed to another form by applying a transformation like discrete wavelet transform and then the message is hidden by applying any of the usual embedding techniques.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Section II
Storage Networking Technologies
and Virtualization
In This Section:
• Chapter 5: Direct-Attached Storage and Introduction to SCSI
• Chapter 6: Storage Area Networks
• Chapter 7: Network-Attached Storage
• Chapter 8: IP SAN
• Chapter 9: Content-Addressed Storage
• Chapter 10: Storage VirtualizationAli Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 2
3. Chapter 10
Storage Virtualization
• 10.1 Forms of Virtualization
• 10.2 SNIA Storage Virtualization Taxonomy
• 10.3 Storage Virtualization Configurations
• 10.4 Storage Virtualization Challenges
• 10.5 Types of Storage Virtualization
• 10.6 Concepts in Practice
• Summary
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 3
4. Key Concepts:
• Memory Virtualization
• Network Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
• In-Band and Out-of-Band Implementations
• Block-Level and File-Level Virtualization
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 4
5. Virtualization is the technique of masking or abstracting physical
resources, which simplifies the infrastructure and accommodates the
increasing pace of business and technological changes. It increases the
utilization and capability of IT resources, such as servers, networks, or
storage devices, beyond their physical limits. Virtualization simplifies
resource management by pooling and sharing resources for maximum
utilization and makes them appear as logical resources with enhanced
capabilities.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 5
6. 10.1 Forms of Virtualization
Virtualization has existed in the IT industry for several years and
in different forms, including memory virtualization, network
virtualization, server virtualization, and storage virtualization.
• Memory Virtualization
• Network Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 6
7. 10.1.1 Memory Virtualization
Virtual memory makes an application appear as if it has its own
contiguous logical memory independent of the existing physical
memory resources. Since the beginning of the computer industry,
memory has been and continues to be an expensive component of a
host. It determines both the size and the number of applications that
can run on a host. With technological advancements, memory
technology has changed and the cost of memory has decreased. Virtual
memory managers (VMMs) have evolved, enabling multiple
applications to be hosted and processed simultaneously. In a virtual
memory implementation, a memory address space is divided into
contiguous blocks of fixed-size pages. A process known as paging
saves inactive memory pages onto the disk and brings them back to
physical memory when required.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 7
8. 10.1.2 Network Virtualization
Network virtualization creates virtual networks whereby each
application sees its own logical network independent of the physical
network. A virtual LAN (VLAN) is an example of network virtualization
that provides an easy, flexible, and less expensive way to manage
networks. VLANs make large networks more manageable by enabling a
centralized configuration of devices located in physically diverse
locations.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 8
9. Virtual SAN (VSAN)
A virtual SAN/virtual fabric is a recent evolution of SAN and conceptually,
functions in the same way as a VLAN. In a VSAN, a group of hosts or
storage ports communicate with each other using a virtual topology defined
on the physical SAN. VSAN technology enables users to build one or more
Virtual SANs on a single physical topology containing switches and ISLs.
This technology improves storage area network (SAN) scalability,
availability, and security. These benefits are derived from the separation of
Fibre Channel services in each VSAN and isolation of traffic between
VSANs. Some of the features of VSAN are:
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 9
10. • Fibre Channel ID (FC ID) of a host in a VSAN can be assigned
to a host in another VSAN, thus improving scalability of SAN.
• Every instance of a VSAN runs all required protocols such as
FSPF, domain manager, and zoning.
• Fabric-related configurations in one VSAN do not affect the
traffic in another VSAN.
• Events causing traffic disruptions in one VSAN are contained
within that VSAN and are not propagated to other VSANs.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 10
11. 10.1.3 Server Virtualization
Server virtualization enables multiple operating systems and
applications to run simultaneously on different virtual machines
created on the same physical server (or group of servers). Virtual
machines provide a layer of abstraction between the operating
system and the underlying hardware. Within a physical server, any
number of virtual servers can be established; depending on
hardware capabilities (see Figure 10-1).
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 11
13. 10.1.4 Storage Virtualization
Storage virtualization is the process of presenting a logical view of the
physical storage resources to a host. This logical storage appears and
behaves as physical storage directly connected to the host. Throughout the
evolution of storage technology, some form of storage virtualization has
been implemented. Some examples of storage virtualization are host-
based volume management, LUN creation, tape storage virtualization, and
disk addressing (CHS to LBA). The key benefits of storage virtualization
include increased storage utilization, adding or deleting storage without
affecting an application’s availability, and nondestructive data migration.
Figure 10-2 illustrates a virtualized storage environment. At the top are
four servers, each of which has one virtual volume assigned, which is
currently in use by an application.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 13
15. 10.2 SNIA Storage Virtualization Taxonomy
The SNIA (Storage Networking Industry Association) storage
virtualization taxonomy (see Figure 10-3) provides a systematic
classification of storage virtualization, with three levels defining
what, where, and how storage can be virtualized.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 15
17. The first level of the storage virtualization taxonomy addresses “what” is
created. It specifies the types of virtualization: block virtualization, file
virtualization, disk virtualization, tape virtualization, or any other device
virtualization. Block-level and file-level virtualization are the core focus areas
covered later in this chapter.
The second level describes “where” the virtualization can take place. This
requires a multilevel approach that characterizes virtualization at all three levels
of the storage environment:
• Server
• storage network
• Storage
as shown in Figure 10-4.Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 17
19. 10.3 Storage Virtualization
Configurations
Storage virtualization at the network is implemented using either the in-
band or the out-of-band methodology. In an out-of-band implementation,
the virtualized environment configuration is stored external to the data
path. As shown in Figure 10-5(a), the configuration is stored on the
virtualization appliance configured external to the storage network that
carries the data. This configuration is also called split-path because the
control and data paths are split (the control path runs through the
appliance, the data path does not). This configuration enables the
environment to process data at a network speed with only minimal
latency added for translation of the virtual configuration to the physical
storage.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 19
21. 10.4 Storage Virtualization Challenges
Storage networking and feature-rich intelligent storage arrays have
addressed and provided specific solutions to business problems. As an
enabler, virtualization should add value to the existing solution, but
introducing virtualization into an environment adds new challenges. The
storage virtualization solution must be capable of addressing issues such
as scalability, functionality, manageability, and support.
• Scalability
• Functionality
• Manageability
• SupportAli Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 21
22. 10.5 Types of Storage Virtualization
Virtual storage is about providing logical storage to hosts and
applications independent of physical resources. Virtualization can be
implemented in both SAN and NAS storage environments. In a SAN,
virtualization is applied at the block level, whereas in NAS, it is applied
at the file level.
• Block-Level Storage Virtualization
• File-Level Virtualization
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 22
23. 10.5.1 Block-Level Storage Virtualization
Block-level storage virtualization provides a translation layer in the SAN,
between the hosts and the storage arrays, as shown in Figure 10-6.
Instead of being directed to the LUNs on the individual storage arrays,
the hosts are directed to the virtualized LUNs on the virtualization device.
The virtualization device translates between the virtual LUNs and the
physical LUNs on the individual arrays. This facilitates the use of arrays
from different vendors simultaneously, without any interoperability
issues. For a host, all the arrays appear like a single target device and
LUNs can be distributed or even split across multiple arrays.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 23
25. 10.5.2 File-Level Virtualization
File-level virtualization addresses the NAS challenges by eliminating the
dependencies between the data accessed at the file level and the location
where the files are physically stored. This provides opportunities to
optimize storage utilization and server consolidation and to perform
nondestructive file migrations. Figure 10-7 illustrates a NAS environment
before and after the implementation of file-level virtualization.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 25
27. 10.6 Concepts in Practice
EMC Invista and Rainfinity are EMC product implementations of
block-level and file-level virtualization, respectively. These
virtualization solutions offer improvements over traditional
device-level controls in the area of capacity utilization, storage tier
management, performance optimization, and data protection.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 27
28. 10.6.1 EMC Invista
EMC Invista is an out of band SAN-based block-level storage
virtualization solution. It uses intelligent SAN switches with
customized hardware to virtualize physical storage in a logical
presentation. These switches are capable of handling data
operations at network speed. These switches are capable of
handling data operations at network speed. They use specialized
software to examine the port, logical volume, and offset to which
the I/O is sent and can control the target path of I/O s to the
storage devices. Invista is physically located between the
production hosts and the storage arrays, as shown in Figure 10-8.Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 28
30. Invista Components
Figure 10-9 shows the hardware components of an Invista instance.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 30
31. Invista Operation
When an I/O request from a host arrives at the DPC, it handles the
I/O and maps it to the appropriate virtual target (or initiator), as
shown in Figure 10-10.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 31
32. Invista Advantages
EMC Invista provides block-level storage virtualization in
heterogeneous storage environments. It also supports dynamic
volume mobility for volume extension and data migration between
different storage tiers without any downtime. Invista supports local
and remote replication functionality; and it integrates with the
existing SAN infrastructure and uses the full fabric bandwidth for
high-speed I/O processing. Invista provides separate data and
control paths for easy management and faster I/O processing.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 32
33. 10.6.2 Rainfinity
Rainfinity is a dedicated hardware/software solution for file-level
virtualization. The Rainfinity Global File Virtualization (GFV)
appliance (see Figure 10-11) provides an abstraction of file-based
storage transparently to users. Files can be moved from one file
server to another even when clients are reading and writing their
data.
• Rainfinity Components
• Rainfinity Operations
• Global Namespace Management
• Rainfinity AdvantagesAli Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 33
35. Summary
Virtualization provides flexibility while easing management of the
existing infrastructure. Virtualization enables users to optimally
utilize current processes, technologies, and systems. It allows for the
addition, modification, or replacement of physical resources without
affecting application availability. Virtualization technology offers
high security and data integrity, which are mandatory for centralized
computing environments. It also reduces performance degradation
issues and unplanned downtime due to faults, and ensures increased
availability of hardware resources. This chapter detailed the different
forms of virtualization and their benefits.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 35
36. It also covered block-level and file-level storage virtualization and
provided associated product examples, explaining their processes. The
data mobility features in virtualization ensure uninterrupted storage
operation and prevent application outages due to any resource conflict or
unavailability. Resources and data are still vulnerable to natural disasters
and other planned and unplanned outages, which can affect data
availability. The next chapter covers business continuity and describes
disaster recovery solutions that ensure high availability and uninterrupted
business operations.
Ali Broumandnia, Broumandnia@gmail.com 36
