Cloud infrastructure mechanisms are foundational building blocks of cloud environments that establish primary artifacts to form the basis of fundamental cloud technology architecture.
“This chapter provide an overview of introductory cloud computing topics. It begins with a brief history of cloud computing along with short descriptions of its business and technology drivers. This is followed by definitions of basic concepts and terminology, in addition to explanations of the primary benefits and challenges of cloud computing adoption.”
Provides a simple and unambiguous taxonomy of three service models
- Software as a service (SaaS)
- Platform as a service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, and Hybrid cloud)
Cloud-based IT resources need to be set up, configured, maintained, and monitored. The systems covered in this chapter are mechanisms that encompass and enable these types of management tasks.
“This chapter provide an overview of introductory cloud computing topics. It begins with a brief history of cloud computing along with short descriptions of its business and technology drivers. This is followed by definitions of basic concepts and terminology, in addition to explanations of the primary benefits and challenges of cloud computing adoption.”
Provides a simple and unambiguous taxonomy of three service models
- Software as a service (SaaS)
- Platform as a service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, and Hybrid cloud)
Cloud-based IT resources need to be set up, configured, maintained, and monitored. The systems covered in this chapter are mechanisms that encompass and enable these types of management tasks.
Cloud deployment models: public, private, hybrid, community – Categories of cloud computing: Everything as a service: Infrastructure, platform, software - Pros and Cons of cloud computing – Implementation levels of virtualization – virtualization structure – virtualization of CPU, Memory and I/O devices – virtual clusters and Resource Management – Virtualization for data center automation.
This presentation will help you all a lot.
because this is not from a particular text book or a reference guide it is a collection of several web sites.
“The upcoming sections cover introductory topic areas pertaining to the fundamental models used to categorize and define clouds and their most common service offerings, along with definitions of organizational roles and the specific set of characteristics that collectively distinguish a cloud.”
This chapter introduces and describes several of the more common foundational cloud architectural models, each exemplifying a common usage and characteristic of contemporary cloud-based environments. The involvement and importance of different combinations of cloud computing mechanisms in relation to these architectures are explored.
Cloud Computing Mechanisms
Chapter 7 – Infrastructure
Chapter 8 – Specialized
Chapter 9 – Management
Chapter 10 – Security (Will be discussed doing the security module)
What is a mechanism?
a system of parts working together in a machine; a piece of machinery.
Learning Outcomes
Understand basic concepts and terminology relating to cloud computing
Understand virtualization technology
Cloud Characteristics mentioned in Chapter 4
The following six specific characteristics are common to the majority of cloud environments:
• on-demand usage
• ubiquitous access
• multitenancy (and resource pooling)
• elasticity
• measured usage
• resiliency
Cloud CharacteristicsCloud Mechanisms
On – Demand UsageHypervisorVirtual ServerReady-Made EnvironmentResource ReplicationRemote Administration EnvironmentResource Management SystemSLA Management SystemBilling Management SystemUbiquitous AccessLogical Network PerimeterMulti-Device Broker
Multitenancy / Resource PoolingLogical Network PerimeterHypervisorResource ReplicationResource ClusterResource Management System
ElasticityHypervisorCloud Usage MonitorAutomated Scaling ListenerResource ReplicationLoad BalancerResource Management System
Measured UsageHypervisorCloud Usage MonitorSLA MonitorPay-Per-Use MonitorAudit MonitorSLA Management SystemBilling Management System
ResiliencyHypervisorResource ReplicationFailover SystemResource ClusterRemote Management System
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Chapter 7
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
7.1 Logical Network Perimeter
7.2 Virtual Server
7.3 Cloud Storage Device
7.4 Cloud Usage Monitor
7.5 Resource Replication
7.6 Ready-Made Environment
7.1 Logical Network Perimeter
Logical Network Perimeter
Defined as the isolation of a network environment from the rest of a communications network, the logical network perimeter establishes a virtual network boundary that can encompass and isolate a group of related cloud-based IT resources that may be physically distributed
This mechanism can be implemented to:
isolate IT resources in a cloud from non-authorized users
isolate IT resources in a cloud from non-users
isolate IT resources in a cloud from cloud consumers
control the bandwidth that is available to isolated IT resources
Logical Network Perimeter
Logical network perimeters are typically established via network devices that supply and control the connectivity of a data center and are commonly deployed as virtualized IT environments that include:
• Virtual Firewall – An IT resource that actively filters network traffic to and from the isolated network while controlling its interactions with the Internet.
• Virtual Network – Usually acquired through VLANs, this IT resource isolates the network environment within the data center infrastructure.
7.2 Virtual Server
Virtual Server
A virtual server is a form of virtualization software that emulates a physical server. Virtual servers are used by cloud providers to share the sa.
Cloud deployment models: public, private, hybrid, community – Categories of cloud computing: Everything as a service: Infrastructure, platform, software - Pros and Cons of cloud computing – Implementation levels of virtualization – virtualization structure – virtualization of CPU, Memory and I/O devices – virtual clusters and Resource Management – Virtualization for data center automation.
This presentation will help you all a lot.
because this is not from a particular text book or a reference guide it is a collection of several web sites.
“The upcoming sections cover introductory topic areas pertaining to the fundamental models used to categorize and define clouds and their most common service offerings, along with definitions of organizational roles and the specific set of characteristics that collectively distinguish a cloud.”
This chapter introduces and describes several of the more common foundational cloud architectural models, each exemplifying a common usage and characteristic of contemporary cloud-based environments. The involvement and importance of different combinations of cloud computing mechanisms in relation to these architectures are explored.
Cloud Computing Mechanisms
Chapter 7 – Infrastructure
Chapter 8 – Specialized
Chapter 9 – Management
Chapter 10 – Security (Will be discussed doing the security module)
What is a mechanism?
a system of parts working together in a machine; a piece of machinery.
Learning Outcomes
Understand basic concepts and terminology relating to cloud computing
Understand virtualization technology
Cloud Characteristics mentioned in Chapter 4
The following six specific characteristics are common to the majority of cloud environments:
• on-demand usage
• ubiquitous access
• multitenancy (and resource pooling)
• elasticity
• measured usage
• resiliency
Cloud CharacteristicsCloud Mechanisms
On – Demand UsageHypervisorVirtual ServerReady-Made EnvironmentResource ReplicationRemote Administration EnvironmentResource Management SystemSLA Management SystemBilling Management SystemUbiquitous AccessLogical Network PerimeterMulti-Device Broker
Multitenancy / Resource PoolingLogical Network PerimeterHypervisorResource ReplicationResource ClusterResource Management System
ElasticityHypervisorCloud Usage MonitorAutomated Scaling ListenerResource ReplicationLoad BalancerResource Management System
Measured UsageHypervisorCloud Usage MonitorSLA MonitorPay-Per-Use MonitorAudit MonitorSLA Management SystemBilling Management System
ResiliencyHypervisorResource ReplicationFailover SystemResource ClusterRemote Management System
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Chapter 7
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
7.1 Logical Network Perimeter
7.2 Virtual Server
7.3 Cloud Storage Device
7.4 Cloud Usage Monitor
7.5 Resource Replication
7.6 Ready-Made Environment
7.1 Logical Network Perimeter
Logical Network Perimeter
Defined as the isolation of a network environment from the rest of a communications network, the logical network perimeter establishes a virtual network boundary that can encompass and isolate a group of related cloud-based IT resources that may be physically distributed
This mechanism can be implemented to:
isolate IT resources in a cloud from non-authorized users
isolate IT resources in a cloud from non-users
isolate IT resources in a cloud from cloud consumers
control the bandwidth that is available to isolated IT resources
Logical Network Perimeter
Logical network perimeters are typically established via network devices that supply and control the connectivity of a data center and are commonly deployed as virtualized IT environments that include:
• Virtual Firewall – An IT resource that actively filters network traffic to and from the isolated network while controlling its interactions with the Internet.
• Virtual Network – Usually acquired through VLANs, this IT resource isolates the network environment within the data center infrastructure.
7.2 Virtual Server
Virtual Server
A virtual server is a form of virtualization software that emulates a physical server. Virtual servers are used by cloud providers to share the sa.
“The chapter is organized into two primary sections that explore cloud delivery model issues pertaining to cloud providers and cloud consumers respectively.”
Abstract--The paper identifies the issues and the solution to overcome these problems. Cloud computing is a subscription based service where we can obtain networked storage space and computer resources. This technology has the capacity to admittance a common collection of resources on request. It is the application provided in the form of service over the internet and system hardware in the data centers that gives these services. But having many advantages for IT organizations cloud has some issues that must be consider during its deployment. The main concern is security privacy and trust. There are various issues that need to be dealt with respect to security and privacy in a cloud computing scenario [4].
Keywords--Cloud, Issues, Security, Privacy, Resources, Technology.
Analyzing the Difference of Cluster, Grid, Utility & Cloud ComputingIOSRjournaljce
: Virtualization and cloud computing is creating a fundamental change in computer architecture,
software and tools development, in the way we store, distribute and consume information. In the recent era of
autonomic computing it comes the importance and need of basic concepts of having and sharing various
hardware and software and other resources & applications that can manage themself with high level of human
guidance. Virtualization or Autonomic computing is not a new to the world, but it developed rapidly with Cloud
computing. In this paper there give an overview of various types of computing. There will be discussion on
Cluster, Grid computing, Utility & Cloud Computing. Analysis architecture, differences between them,
characteristics , its working, advantages and disadvantages
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
1. Cloud Infrastructure
Mechanisms
Sartaj Fatima
Lecturer,
Place photo here
“Reference: Cloud Computing Concepts, Technology & Architecture.
Thomas Erl, Zaigham Mahmood and Richardo Puttini.”
1
Mohammed Sajjad Ali
PMP, CCNP, E-commerce
2. Contents :
7.1 Logical Network Perimeter
7.2 Virtual Server
7.3 Cloud Storage Device
7.4 Cloud Usage Monitor
7.5 Resource Replication
7.6 Ready-Made Environment
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
“Cloud infrastructure mechanisms are foundational building blocks of cloud environments
that establish primary artifacts to form the basis of fundamental cloud technology
architecture.”
2
3. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
The following cloud infrastructure mechanisms are described in
this chapter:
• Logical Network Perimeter
• Virtual Server
• Cloud Storage Device
• Cloud Usage Monitor
• Resource Replication
• Ready-Made Environment
Not all of these mechanisms are necessarily broad-reaching, nor does each establish
an individual architectural layer. Instead, they should be viewed as core components
that are common to cloud platforms.
3
4. 7.1. Logical Network Perimeter
Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Defined as the isolation of a network environment from the rest of a
communications network, thelogical network perimeter establishes a virtual network
boundary that can encompass and isolate a group of related cloud-based IT
resources that may be physically distributed.
(Figure 7.1).
Figure 7.1. The dashed line notation used to indicate the boundary of a logical network
perimeter.
This mechanism can be implemented to:
• Isolate IT resources in a cloud from non-authorized users
• Isolate IT resources in a cloud from non-users
• Isolate IT resources in a cloud from cloud consumers
• Control the bandwidth that is available to isolated IT resources
Logical network perimeters are typically established via network devices that supply
and control the connectivity of a data center and are commonly deployed as
virtualized IT environments that include:
• Virtual Firewall – An IT resource that actively filters network traffic to and from the
isolated network while controlling its interactions with the Internet.
4
5. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
• Virtual Network – Usually acquired through VLANs, this IT
resource isolates the network environment within the data
center infrastructure.
Figure 7.2 introduces the notation used to denote these two IT
resources. Figure 7.3 depicts a scenario in which one logical
network perimeter contains a cloud consumer’s on-premise
environment, while another contains a cloud provider’s cloud-based
environment. These perimeters are connected through a
VPN that protects communications, since the VPN is typically
implemented by point-to-point encryption of the data packets
sent between the communicating endpoints.
Figure 7.2. The symbols used to represent a virtual firewall (top) and a virtual network (bottom).
5
6. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.3. Two logical network perimeters surround the cloud consumer and cloud provider environments.
6
7. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.4. A logical network layout is established through
a set of logical network perimeters using various firewalls
and virtual networks.
7
8. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
A virtual server is a form of virtualization software that
emulates a physical server.
Virtual servers are used by cloud providers to share the
same physical server with multiple cloud consumers by
providing cloud consumers with individual virtual server
instances.
Figure 7.5 shows three virtual servers being hosted by two
physical servers. The number of instances a given physical
server can share is limited by its capacity.
The virtual server represents the most foundational building
block of cloud environments. Each virtual server can host
numerous IT resources, cloud-based solutions, and various
other cloud computing mechanisms.
Cloud consumers that install or lease virtual servers can
customize their environments independently from other
cloud consumers that may be using virtual servers hosted
by the same underlying physical server.
Figure 7.6 depicts a virtual server that hosts a cloud service
being accessed by Cloud Service Consumer B, while Cloud
Service Consumer A accesses the virtual server directly to
perform an administration task.
7.2. Virtual Server
Figure 7.5. The first physical server hosts two virtual servers,
while the second physical server hosts one virtual server. 8
9. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.7. Virtual servers are created via the physical servers’ hypervisors and a central VIM
9
10. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.6. A virtual server hosts an active cloud service and is further accessed by a cloud consumer for
administrative purposes.
10
11. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.8. The cloud consumer uses the self-service
portal to select a template virtual server
for creation
(1). A copy of the corresponding VM image is
created in a cloud consumer-controlled cloud
storage device
(2). The cloud consumer initiates the virtual
server using the usage and administration
portal.
(3), which interacts with the VIM to create the
virtual server instance via the underlying
hardware.
(4). The cloud consumer is able to use and
customize the virtual server via other features on
the usage and administration portal .
(5). (Note that the self-service portal and usage
and administration portal are explained in
chapter – 9.
.
11
12. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
7.3. Cloud Storage Device
The cloud storage device mechanism represents storage devices that are designed
specifically for cloud-based provisioning. Instances of these devices can be virtualized, similar
to how physical servers can spawn virtual server images.
Cloud storage devices are commonly able to provide fixed-increment capacity allocation in
support of the pay-per-use mechanism. Cloud storage devices can be exposed for remote
access via cloud storage services.
A primary concern related to cloud storage is the security, integrity, and confidentiality of
data, which becomes more prone to being compromised when entrusted to external cloud
providers and other third parties.
Cloud Storage Levels
Cloud storage device mechanisms provide common logical units of data storage, such as:
• Files – Collections of data are grouped into files that are located in folders.
• Blocks – The lowest level of storage and the closest to the hardware, a block is the smallest
unit of data that is still individually accessible.
• Datasets – Sets of data are organized into a table-based, delimited, or record format.
• Objects – Data and its associated metadata are organized as Web-based resources.
12
13. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Each of these data storage levels is commonly associated with a certain type of technical
interface which corresponds to a particular type of cloud storage device and cloud storage
service used to expose its API (Figure 7.9).
Figure 7.9. Different cloud service consumers utilize
different technologies to interface with virtualized
cloud storage devices. (Adapted from the CDMI
Cloud Storage Reference Model.)
13
14. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Network Storage Interfaces
Legacy network storage most commonly falls under the category of network storage
interfaces.
It includes storage devices in compliance with industry standard protocols, such as SCSI for
storage blocks and the server message block (SMB), common Internet file system (CIFS), and
network file system (NFS) for file and network storage.
File storage entails storing individual data in separate files that can be different sizes and
formats and organized into folders and subfolders. Original files are often replaced by the new
files that are created when data has been modified.
Storage processing levels and thresholds for file allocation are usually determined by the file
system itself. Block storage requires data to be in a fixed format (known as a data block),
which is the smallest unit that can be stored and accessed and the storage format closest to
hardware
Object Storage Interfaces
Various types of data can be referenced and stored as Web resources. This is referred to as
object storage, which is based on technologies that can support a range of data and media
types.
The Storage Networking Industry Association’s Cloud Data Management Interface (SNIA’s
CDMI) supports the use of object storage interfaces.
14
15. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Database Storage Interfaces
Cloud storage device mechanisms based on database storage interfaces typically support a
query language in addition to basic storage operations.
Storage management is carried out using a standard API or an administrative user-interface.
This classification of storage interface is divided into two main categories according to storage
structure, as follows :
I. Relational Data Storage
Relational databases (or relational storage devices) rely on tables to organize similar data into
rows and columns. Tables can have relationships with each other to give the data increased
structure, to protect data integrity, and to avoid data redundancy (which is referred to as
data normalization).
II. Non-Relational Data Storage
Non-relational storage (also commonly referred to as NoSQL storage) moves away from the
traditional relational database model in that it establishes a “looser” structure for stored data
with less emphasis on defining relationships and realizing data normalization.
15
16. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.10. The cloud consumer
interacts with the usage and
administration portal to create a cloud
storage device and define access
control policies
(1). The usage and administration
portal interact with the cloud storage
software to create the cloud storage
device instance and apply the
required access policy to its data
objects
(2). Each data object is assigned to a
cloud storage device and all of the
data objects are stored in the same
virtual storage volume. The cloud
consumer uses the proprietary cloud
storage device UI to interact directly
with the data objects
(3). (Note that the usage and
administration portal is explained
in Chapter 9.)
16
17. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.11. The cloud consumer uses the
usage and administration portal to
create and assign a cloud storage
device to an existing virtual server.
(1). The usage and administration portal
interacts with the VIM software.
(2a), which creates and configures the
appropriate LUN
(2b). Each cloud storage device uses a
separate LUN controlled by the
virtualization platform. The cloud
consumer remotely logs into the virtual
server directly .
(3a) to access the cloud storage device
3b).
17
18. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
7.4. Cloud Usage Monitor
The cloud usage monitor mechanism is a lightweight and autonomous software
program responsible for collecting and processing IT resource usage data.
Cloud usage monitors can exist in different formats. The upcoming sections describe
three common agent-based implementation formats.
Each can be designed to forward collect usage data to a log database for post-processing
and reporting purposes.
Monitoring Agent
A monitoring agent is an intermediary, event-driven program that exists as a service
agent and resides along existing communication paths to transparently monitor and
analyze data flows (Figure 7.12).
This type of cloud usage monitor is commonly used to measure network traffic and
message metrics.
18
19. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.12. A cloud service consumer sends a request message to a cloud service
(1). The monitoring agent intercepts the message to collect relevant usage data
(2) before allowing it to continue to the cloud service (3a). The monitoring agent stores the collected
usage data in a log database
(3b). The cloud service replies with a response message
(4) that is sent back to the cloud service consumer without being intercepted by the monitoring
agent (5).
19
20. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Resource Agent
A resource agent is a processing module that collects usage data by having event-driven
interactions with specialized resource software (Figure 7.13). This module is used
to monitor usage metrics based on pre-defined, observable events at the resource
software level, such as initiating, suspending, resuming, and vertical scaling.
Figure 7.13. The resource agent is actively monitoring a virtual server and detects an increase in
usage (1). The resource agent receives a notification from the underlying resource management
program that the virtual server is being scaled up and stores the collected usage data in a log
database, as per its monitoring metrics (2).
20
21. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Polling Agent
A polling agent is a processing module that collects cloud service usage data by
polling IT resources. This type of cloud service monitor is commonly used to periodically
monitor IT resource status, such as uptime and downtime (Figure 7.14).
Figure 7.14. A polling agent monitors the status of a cloud service hosted by a virtual server by
sending periodic polling request messages and receiving polling response messages that report
usage status “A” after a number of polling cycles, until it receives a usage status of “B” (1), upon
which the polling agent records the new usage status in the log database (2).
21
22. 7.5. Resource Replication
Defined as the creation of multiple instances of the same IT resource, replication is
typically performed when an IT resource’s availability and performance need to be
enhanced.
Virtualization technology is used to implement the resource replication mechanism to
replicate cloud-based IT resources (Figure 7.16).
Figure 7.16. The hypervisor replicates several instances of a virtual server,
using a stored virtual server image. 22
23. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.17. A high-availability virtual server is running in
Data Center A. VIM instances in Data Centers A and B
are executing a coordination function that allows
detection of failure conditions.
Stored VM images are replicated between data centers
as a result of the high-availability architecture
23
24. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
7.6. Ready-Made Environment
The ready-made environment mechanism (Figure 7.20) is a defining component of the
PaaS cloud delivery model that represents a pre-defined, cloud-based platform
comprised of a set of already installed IT resources, ready to be used and customized
by a cloud consumer.
These environments are utilized by cloud consumers to remotely develop and deploy
their own services and applications within a cloud. Typical ready-made environments
include pre-installed IT resources, such as databases, middleware, development tools,
and governance tools.
Figure 7.20. A cloud consumer accesses a
ready-made environment hosted on a
virtual server.
A ready-made environment is generally equipped with a complete software
development kit (SDK) that provides cloud consumers with programmatic access to the
development technologies that comprise their preferred programming stacks. 24
25. Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms
Figure 7.21. The developer uses the provided SDK to develop the Part Number Catalog Web application
(1). The application software is deployed on a Web platform that was established by two ready-made
environments called the front-end instance
(2a) and the back-end instance
(2b). The application is made available for usage and one end-user accesses its front-end instance
(3). The software running in the front-end instance invokes a long-running task at the back-end instance that
corresponds to the processing required by the end-user
(4). The application software deployed at both the front-end and back-end instances is backed by a cloud
storage device that provides persistent storage of the application data (5).
25
26. Hope this is been informative and I would like to thank you for viewing.