This document defines multimedia and describes its key components. Multimedia is defined as a combination of text, graphics, sound, animation and video delivered interactively via electronic means. The document discusses various multimedia elements including video, audio, images, maps and documents. It also covers multimedia applications, systems architecture, data interface standards and storage media. Common input devices for multimedia like pen, light pen, image scanners and MIDI are explained. Display and printing technologies such as CRT, LCD, inkjet and laser printers are also outlined.

2. What is Multimedia
• Derived from the word “Multi” and “Media”
Multi
• Many, Multiple
 Media
• Medium
• Multiple means by which information is
stored, transmitted, presented or perceived.
• E.g. text, photographs, maps, sound, video etc.

3. Definition of multimedia
• Multimedia is a combination information in
the form of
text, graphic, sound, animation, and video
that is delivered interactively to the user by
electronic means.TEXT
AUDIO
GRAPHIC
VIDEO
ANIMATION
Color
Charts
Voice
Sound Effect Music
Maps
Photograph
Type faces
Motion
Pictures
Animation

4. Goals & Objectives
• Re-engineering of existing application.
• Interactive tools
• Open solutions (portable).
• Bidirectional communication.
• To produce cost effective solutions.
• More work in less time.
• Centralized information.

5. •TEXT Example

6. •GRAPHICS Example

7. •AUDIO Example

8. •ANIMATION example

9. Multimedia System
• System capable of processing multimedia data
and applications.
• Characteristics:
– Must be computer controlled.
– Integrated components.
– Information must be represented digitally.
• Components:
– Computer system, commn. n/w, display
devices, capture devices, storage devices.

10. Limitation of Traditional Input Device
• Keyboard most common input device
– evolution  simple , numeric  alphanumeric and multifunction
• GUI pointing device mouse or pen
– essential for selecting and moving graphical objects.
• Traditional multimedia variety of other types of input.
• Only Text initially no measure of quality  normal dot
matrix printer
• high quality of text, text color, text attributes advanced
printer like laser printer.
• Data inputs like audio or voice, full motion video, still
photos and images etc  require special device like digital
pens ,video cameras , image scanners

11. Digital v/s Analog
• Need to convert analog to digital.
– E.g. scanning image
• For full-motion video and audio, most i/p
devices produce analog while computer can
process only digital. (e.g. microphone)
• Coding & Decoding process.
• Hardware devices and software programs that
perform this function are called codecs.
– It includes compression and decompression algos.

12. Pen Input
• An input device that allows the user to point, write, draw
and gesture.
• Gesture allows user to select and act upon the object.
• Features:
– Natural device for unskilled or partly skilled person.
– Can be used as a pointing device.
– Small in size
– Can be used for palmtop computers (PDAs), notebooks etc.
– Allows adding annotations to forms and documents.

13. The digital pen captures and stores writing.
The writing is sent via USB or Bluetooth

14. Light Pen Structure

15. Light Pen
• Light pen input device  used with  CRT
display to point at items on the screen or to
draw new items or modify existing ones.
• The light pen had a photo sensor at the tip.
• Photo sensor o/p  amplified shaped fed
to  flip flop whose status is (set)
• Whenever status flip flop is !comp is
interrupted and reads coordinates of points
where light is touched on screen

16. Uses of light pen
• Can use instead of keyboard to request further
info
• Provide quick response to operator inquiry
• Used as input device in CAD application
• Write and sketch on the screen of CRT

17. Image Scanner
• Types of scanner:
– Flatbed Scanner
– Sheet fed Scanner
– Drum Scanner
– Hand held Scanner

18. Flatbed Scanner

19. Sheet fed Scanner

20. Hand held Scanner

21. Working of Scanner

22. Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(MIDI)
• Protocol that enables computer, synthesizers, keyboards
and other musical device to communicate with each
other.
• Has been widely accepted and utilized by musicians and
composers.
• 16 channels of information, each of which can be routed
to a separate device.
• MIDI messages are unidirectional.
• An extra sound cable is necessary for 2-way
communication.
• No error detection capability.
• Max cable limit is 15 meter

23. • MIDI connector
• MIDI ports
– IN
– OUT
– THRU (allows data to be forwarded to another instrument)
• Multiply devices can be connected in a daisy chain maner

24. • MIDI components:
– Channel
– Voice
– Sequencer (storage server / s/w music editor)
– Synthesizer
– Track
– Pitch
• MIDI Message
Status byte Data byte
Data byte 1 Data byte 2
Channel number
and Function to be
performed
Additional
parameter
Additional
parameter

25. • Classification of MIDI messages
MIDI
messages
Channel
messages
Voice
messages
Mode
messages
System
messages
Common
messages
Rea-time
messages
Exclusive
messages

26. • Channel Messages:
– Applied to specific channel
– Channel number is included in the status byte for these messages
– Classified into:
• Voice Messages:
– Carry musical performance data
– Instruct the receiving instrument to assign particular sounds to its voice
• Mode Messages:
– Affects the way the receiving instrument responds to incoming channel voice
messages
• System Messages:
– Not channel specific, affect the system as a whole, e.g. timing signal for
synchronization.
– No channel number is specified in their status byte
– Classified into:
• Common Messages:
– Intended for all receivers in the system
• Real-Time Messages:
– related to synchronization
– To synchronize all of the MIDI clock-based equipments within a system, like
Sequencer.
• Exclusive Messages:
– Related to things that cannot be standardized, like patch parameters or
sample data

27. Video Display Technology
• Display Terminologies:
– Triad
– Pixel
– Drift (image moves up in a very slow motion)
– Jitter (image jumps at high rate)
– Swim (a sort of shadow image move from top to
bottom)
– Convergence
– pincushioning

28. Block diagram of a CRT monitor

29. Monochrome CRT

30. Construction of LCD

31. Working of LCD

32. Printers
• Types of printers:
– Dot Matrix
– Ink Jet
– Laser

33. Ink Jet Printer

34. Laser Printer

35. Multimedia Elements
1. Facsimile
• first practical means of transmitting document images
over a telephone line.
• The basic technology, now widely used, has evolved to
allow higher scanning density for better-quality fax.
• standardized at a very early stage to CCITl Group 3
compression standards (RLL).
• Typical pixel densities used for facsimile are in
the 100 to 200 dpi (pixels/inch) range.

36.  Document images
• used for storing business documents that must be
retained for long periods of time or may need to
be accessed by a large number of people.
• Removes the need for making several copies of
the original for storage or distribution.
• Usually 300 dpi
• For gray scale or color, the sizes are larger to
accommodate the color information.
– Normally 400 dpi

37. Geographic information system maps (GIS)
• being used widely for natural resource and
wildlife
management.
• Two kinds of technologies are used for storage
and display of geographic maps.
• Raster storage allows a map to be displayed on a
graphical display system just like any other GUI
application

38. • applications consist of road maps and area maps (used to
track natural resources).
• Attribute data is assigned and identified, usually by map
coordinates.
• Another application combines raster images that have the
basic color map and a vector overlay showing the railroads
or highways and other human-made structures, and text
display showing attributes of features in the map.

39. • Full-motion Stored and Live Video
• Holographic Images
• Audio messages
• Video messages

40. Holographic image

41. Multimedia Applications
• Document Image
• Image Processing and Image Recognition
– Image recognition
– Image enhancement
– Image reconstruction
– Image animation
– Image annotation
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• Handwriting Recognition
• Full Motion Digital video applications
• Electronic Messaging

42. Multimedia Systems Architecture
APPLICATIONS
Graphical User Multimedia
Interface Extensions
O.S. Software Multimedia
Drivers Driver Support
System hardware Add-on multimedia
(Multimedia-enabled) devices and peripherals

43. Fig: Multilevel architecture based on interface bus
Application Application
Application
compatibility
Layer
Systems
Compatibility
Layer
Hardware
layer
Application
compatibility
Layer
Systems
Compatibility
Layer
Hardware
layer
Network
File Server
Analog
devices
Analog
devices
Multimedia Interface bus
Object
file
serverWAN
CD-ROM
LAN
Juke
box

44. Multimedia Data Interface Standards
• Earliest and simplest formats used were:
– Intel’s DVI (Digital Video Interface)
– Apple’s Quicktime
– Microsoft’s AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
• Intel’s DVI
– Processor-independent specification for video interface
• Apple’s Quicktime
– Designed by Apple computers, to support multimedia applications
– Capable of handling various formats of digital
videos, pictures, sounds, panoramic images.
– Video file formats
• QuickTime movie (mov), MPEG-2,4 , AVI, 3GPP
– Audio file formats
• iTunes audio, MP3, WAV, AMR.

45. • Microsoft AVI:
– Offers low-cost, low-resolution video processing
– Suitable for average desktop users

46. Storage Media
• Primary Storage Media:
– Temporary storage
– Types: RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
• Random Access Memory:
– Temporary storage
– Programs can be loaded from outside and executed.
– Larger the RAM better the performance.
– Volatile memory.
– Stores data and instructions that are frequently used by the
CPU.
– Instructions in RAM constantly changes, depending on the
need of the CPU.
– Types:
• DRAM and SRAM.

47. • ROM
– Contains inst. Which are activated each time the computer is
turned on.
– ROM inst. Performs POST check.
– Instruction can not usually be changed.
– Instructions are built into the electronic circuits of the chips.
– non-volatile.
– Access to info is random.
• Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)
– Not economically feasible.
– Are blank ROM that can be programmed using special
programming apparatus.
– Suitable for development work.
– Not programmed during manufacturing but are custom
programmed by the user
– One time programmable
– More flexible and convenient than ROM.