Chapter 09
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This document discusses fire safety issues across various modes of transportation. It examines challenges with passenger vehicles, motor homes, buses, trucks, rail vehicles, aircraft, boats and ships. Each category presents unique hazards from their fuel systems, electrical systems, cargo and construction materials. The document emphasizes the importance of pre-planning response tactics for different vehicle types based on an understanding of their designs and potential risks.
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The document discusses the history and development of drone parcel deliveries. It outlines key milestones from early FAA restrictions in 2014 to ongoing tests by Amazon, UPS, and others. Some advantages are lower delivery costs compared to ground transport. However, obstacles include weight limits, distance constraints, weather restrictions, and safety/privacy concerns. For drone delivery to be feasible at scale, companies must address regulatory hurdles while demonstrating the technology brings substantial cost savings without compromising public safety.
Vehicle Fire protection System
Vehicle fire protection systems are important for city buses, transit buses, and school buses as fires can impact passenger safety, disrupt traffic, and damage the vehicle. Firetrace systems offer protection by using a heat sensitive polymer tubing called Firetrace Detection Tubing that bursts when exposed to heat, initiating the fire suppression system. Firetrace systems have been installed in over 10,000 buses worldwide and help detect fires in areas prone to fires, like near engines. Proper maintenance and inspection of electrical systems, fuel lines, and installing fire suppression systems can help prevent vehicle fires.
Chapter 16
This document outlines considerations for incident safety officers (ISOs) responding to technical rescue incidents. It discusses regulations requiring ISO coordination with assistant safety officers-rescue technicians, safety planning, and rehab. Technical rescue incidents are classified and each classification has unique hazards. The document emphasizes that firefighters' risk-taking attitudes require mitigation and describes the LCES approach for developing effective safety briefings.
NFPA 402 -- ARFF By the Book
This document provides an overview of NFPA 402 standards for airport firefighting and rescue. It discusses requirements for pre-incident planning, emergency response, aircraft construction and fuels, evacuation and rescue procedures, and fire control and extinguishment. Key aspects covered include delineating emergency response areas, types of aircraft alerts, hazards for firefighters, recommended extinguishing agents, and the importance of size-up assessments to make operational decisions during an incident.
Fire Prevention & Fire Fighting Powerpoint (1).pptx
This document provides guidance on fire prevention and firefighting for personnel working on merchant ships. It covers key topics like fire safety, the chemistry of fire, operating portable firefighting equipment, and using breathing apparatus. The goal is to develop knowledge and skills to apply proactive fire prevention techniques and effectively respond to onboard fires. Personnel will learn about fire causes, prevention measures, emergency procedures, and hands-on training to operate equipment safely and demonstrate skills like using breathing apparatus. Assessment involves written, practical, and oral evaluation to check competency in meeting the learning outcomes.
AIR PLANE SAFETY SYSTEM
The document discusses an airplane safety system that could help save passengers in the event of a crash. It first describes a recent plane crash of a cargo flight in Norway. It then explains how planes fly using four forces: lift, thrust, drag, and weight. The document outlines ICAO statistics on accident rates during different phases of flight. It proposes an airplane safety system involving escape capsules that detach from the fuselage and float to safety, protecting passengers. Potential advantages include saving lives during crashes, while disadvantages include difficulty of implementation and high costs.
Critical Design Config Control Limitations Presentation.ppt
The document discusses fuel tank safety regulations and requirements implemented after significant fuel tank explosion accidents. It describes how investigations into accidents like TWA Flight 800 revealed that fuel tank explosions can occur when an ignition source contacts flammable fuel vapors. New regulations like SFAR 88 require design reviews to prevent ignition sources in fuel tanks and updating maintenance instructions. Manufacturers have developed compliance methods like inerting fuel tanks to reduce oxygen levels and prevent flammable mixtures.
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Chapter 13
This document discusses property security, emergency response, and fire protection systems. It covers means of egress requirements, including the three parts of egress and requirements for exit stairway doors. It also describes delayed egress locks and access controlled doors. The document outlines emergency building entrance systems and different methods for emergency responders to access property through security gates and barriers, such as siren sensors, access keys, codes and radio signals. Maintaining means of egress and balancing security and emergency access is important.
Chapter 12
Smoke control and management systems aim to contain smoke and toxic gases to the area of origin using three main methods: containment, exhaust, and opposed airflow. Key goals are to prevent smoke from spreading and to maintain tenable conditions for evacuation. Systems often integrate with fire protection, HVAC, and other building systems. Proper design, installation, and regular acceptance testing are important to ensure effective operation.
Chapter 11
Portable fire extinguishers are intended to quickly suppress small fires. They contain a fixed amount of suppression agent and require trained operators for effective use. Three common types are pumped, stored pressure, and cartridge pressure extinguishers, which use different mechanisms to expel agents matched to specific fire classes, such as water, foam, dry chemicals, or carbon dioxide. Regular inspection, maintenance, and hydrostatic testing are necessary to ensure extinguishers are in proper working order.
Chapter 08
There are different types of fire alarm and detection systems based on factors like occupancy, building characteristics, and technology. Modern systems use addressable technology and intelligent software while older systems relied on conventional technology. Fire alarm systems are classified by NFPA 72 based on how they operate, monitor signals, and report events. Proper installation, inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure reliability and prevent false alarms.
Chapter 07
Fire alarm systems serve several important functions: notifying occupants of fire conditions, notifying first responders, signaling other onsite and offsite locations, signaling other building systems, and providing information to first responders. They are comprised of various components like control panels, power sources, initiating devices, and notification appliances. Initiating devices can be manual pull stations or automatic detectors like heat, smoke, and gas detectors. Notification appliances produce audible alarms through devices like horns, speakers, or bells and visible alarms through flashing lights or strobes. Different types of alarm signals include fire alarms, supervisory signals for other system issues, and trouble signals for problems in the system.
Chapter 06
This document discusses specialized water-based fire protection systems as alternatives to standard sprinkler systems. It describes fixed foam, water spray, foam-water, and water mist systems, noting their components, applications, and inspection requirements. These systems provide targeted protection for hazards where sprinklers would be inadequate, such as flammable liquid storage, using methods like foam application or ultra-fine water mist. Proper design, installation, and maintenance are needed to ensure effective performance.
Chapter 05
This document summarizes different types of automatic fire sprinkler systems. It describes wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems, explaining their components, design concepts, and applications. The document emphasizes that sprinkler systems are effective for both property protection and life safety when fires occur. Regular inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure systems function properly.
Chapter 04
Standpipe and hose systems are required in buildings based on height, area, occupancy, and hazards. NFPA 14 establishes standards for standpipe classifications, types, components, and testing. Regular inspection and testing is essential to ensure standpipe systems will operate properly in an emergency.
Chapter 03
The document discusses water supply systems for fire protection. It describes the components of source/supply networks like water sources, intake, pumping and distribution networks including storage, mains and laterals. It also discusses the difference between public municipal systems and private systems, and types of supply systems like gravity, pumped and combined. It covers factors like pressure, flow and duration that impact water-based fire protection.
Chapter 02
Building and fire codes provide uniform standards to maintain public safety. Model codes, such as those developed by the ICC and NFPA, are adopted by governments and provide minimum requirements. These codes reference other standards and may be amended. The model code development process involves public participation and consensus to establish requirements for fire protection systems based on occupancy hazards and risks.
Chapter 01
The document discusses the basics of fire behavior including:
1) The fire triangle/tetrahedron which depicts the relationship between fuel, heat, and oxygen/chemical chain reaction required for combustion.
2) The different classes of fire (A-K) and their corresponding extinguishing agents.
3) The five types of fires - diffusion, smoldering, spontaneous combustion, self-heating, and premixed flame.
4) The five stages of fire - pre-ignition, ignition, growth, fully developed, and decay.
Chapter 10
This document describes different types of gaseous fire extinguishing systems including carbon dioxide, halons, and clean agents. Carbon dioxide works by displacing oxygen and forming a fog-like cloud to extinguish fires. Halons break down the chemical reaction of fire and were commonly used but are no longer manufactured due to environmental concerns. Clean agents like inert gases are environmentally safe alternatives to halons that effectively extinguish Class A, B, and C fires without leaving residues. All gaseous systems require regular inspection, testing and maintenance to ensure proper operation.
Chapter 12
This document discusses personnel considerations for fire prevention bureaus. It notes that bureaus are often made up of a combination of uniformed firefighters and civilian specialists. Uniformed staff bring fire service experience while civilians have specific skills and education. The document emphasizes that training and certification are critical for all positions, and it outlines various national standards and certifying organizations. Retention of qualified staff is also highlighted as important for an effective fire prevention program.
Chapter 11
Fire prevention records generated by government agencies are considered public records and subject to freedom of information laws. These records must be retained according to state-mandated schedules and are generally stored using an information management system. When developing an electronic records system, fire bureaus must carefully consider their operational needs, legal requirements, and ensure the system can integrate with standard procedures. Proper planning and implementation of a records system is crucial to the effective functioning of a fire prevention program.
Chapter 10
This document discusses the importance of public fire safety education and planning effective education programs. It outlines key aspects of developing programs including using local fire statistics to identify target audiences, designing messages tailored to those audiences, implementing programs, and evaluating their effectiveness in changing behaviors. The document also highlights the role of the media, schools, and public hearings in disseminating fire safety messages to various groups.
Chapter 8
Fire prevention bureaus have taken on additional functions beyond traditional fire prevention due to their relevant expertise in areas like construction, hazardous materials, and emergency response. These expanded roles can benefit public safety but also risk distracting from the core mission of fire prevention. Key expanded roles discussed include construction code enforcement, property maintenance inspections, investigating hazardous waste and vacant building issues, and assisting with homeland security and civil defense.
Chapter 7
This document discusses the importance of testing fire protection systems to ensure reliability. It describes how unreliable systems can negatively impact public safety and businesses. The document emphasizes that proper design, equipment, installation, and maintenance are necessary for reliability. It also explains that acceptance tests after installation, along with regular inspections and retests, are required by fire codes to maintain system integrity over time.
Chapter 6
The document discusses the importance and objectives of fire inspections. It notes that the level of acceptable risk is constantly evolving and that inspection programs have been proven effective in reducing fire incidence by around 50%. The purpose of inspections is to ensure life safety and compliance with fire codes. Jurisdictions must establish priorities for inspections based on risks associated with occupancy classes and permits required by fire codes. Inspections of existing and new buildings are necessary to identify hazards and ensure safety.
Chapter 5
The document discusses the importance of fire departments reviewing construction plans before construction begins. It outlines the key reasons for plan review, including verifying compliance with fire codes to prevent tragic incidents. The summary lists some of the main items fire departments typically review in site and building plans such as fire department vehicle access, fire protection systems, means of egress, and construction type and location. The benefits of fire department involvement in the review process for both public safety and the business community are also highlighted.
Chapter 4
The document discusses the history and development of model building and fire codes in the United States. It describes how early fire insurance organizations established codes and standards to help prevent fires. Over time, major model code organizations like BOCA, ICBO, SBCCI consolidated to form the International Code Council (ICC) in 1994. The ICC and NFPA are now the primary publishers of model codes and standards adopted by states and local governments. The code change process involves stakeholder groups proposing and voting on revisions through each organization's consensus process.
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Chapter 09
- 1. Transportation Fires and Related Safety Issues Chapter 9
- 8. Air Bags (cont’d.) Figure 9-1 An example of how a safe work zone is created on the incident scene
- 12. Motor Homes, Buses, and Recreational Vehicles (cont’d.) Figure 9-6 Class A motor home
- 24. Intermodal Equipment (cont’d.) Figure 9-11 An IMO 101 tank. Like the totes, these are bulk tanks capable of carrying a large quantity of product. They are normally placed on ships and then delivered locally by a truck, although trains can also be used.
- 53. Fire Tactics and Strategy on Boats and Ships (cont’d.) Figure 9-15 A cargo ship in port