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Chapter 07 Apparatus
- 1. Aircraft Rescue andFire Fighting, 5th Edition Chapter 7 — Apparatus
- 2. ARFF 7–2 Chapter 7 LessonGoal • After completing this lesson, the student shall be able to describe ARFF apparatus and how it is used in fire fighting operations.
- 3. ARFF 7–3 Objectives 1. Discuss ARFFapparatus. 2. Describe the types of ARFF apparatus. 3. Identify ARFF apparatus features and options. (Continued)
- 4. ARFF 7–4 Objectives 4. Describe ARFFapparatus fire suppression equipment. 5. Explain ARFF apparatus agent resupply methods. 6. Discuss ARFF apparatus maintenance.
- 5. ARFF 7–5 ARFF Apparatus Requirements •Airports — identify required ARFF protection • ARFF personnel — identify level of protection/examine standards – FAA – ICAO – NFPA®
- 6. ARFF 7–6 Levels of Protection •Index or category determines ARFF apparatus – Number – Type (Continued) Courtesy of Edwin A. Jones, USAFR.
- 7. ARFF 7–7 Levels of Protection •Airports categories/indexed based on factors – Type or length of aircraft – Daily average number of departures (Continued)
- 8. ARFF 7–8 Levels of Protection •Different rating systems – FAA – NFPA® – U.S. military – Canada – ICAO (Continued)
- 9. ARFF 7–9 Levels of Protection •ARFF requirements — based on index, set, category – Maintain minimum protection – Follow procedures for protection (Continued)
- 10. ARFF 7–10 Levels of Protection •Methods to determine number of vehicles and amount of extinguishing agent are similar – NFPA® – FAA – ICAO (Continued)
- 11. ARFF 7–11 Levels of Protection •U.S. Department of Defense — specific requirements pertaining to aircraft sizes and configurations – NFPA® 403 – Aircraft being protected (Continued)
- 12. ARFF 7–12 Levels of Protection •NFPA® 403 — requirements for airports based on NFPA® categories – Amount of foam and auxiliary extinguishing agents – Number of ARFF apparatus
- 13. ARFF 7–13 Apparatus Design • Agenciesand standards cover ARFF apparatus – FAA – ICAO – NFPA® 403 – NFPA® 412 – NFPA® 414 (Continued)
- 14. ARFF 7–14 Apparatus Design • ARFFapparatus – Painted/marked to optimize visibility – Equipped with appropriate emergency lights
- 15. ARFF 7–15 Aircraft Rescue andFire Fighting Apparatus • Designed to meet aviation/airport needs • Must operate in paved/unpaved areas • Mass application of agents required (Continued)
- 16. ARFF 7–16 Aircraft Rescue andFire Fighting Apparatus • ARFF vehicles equipped with features – Turrets – Handlines – Ground sweeps – Undertruck nozzles – Extendable turrets (Continued)
- 17. ARFF 7–17 Aircraft Rescue andFire Fighting Apparatus • Carry medical supplies, ladders, rescue tools and equipment • NFPA® 414 divides into three groups • FAA rating system — based on amount of water and dry chemical or clean agent
- 18. ARFF 7–18 Combined Agent Vehicles (RapidIntervention Vehicles) • Smaller than typical ARFF vehicles • Outfitted with combined agent systems • Designed for rapid response (Continued)
- 19. ARFF 7–19 Combined Agent Vehicles (RapidIntervention Vehicles) • Can operate in areas unsuitable for larger ARFF vehicles • Can be equipped with a water pump and tank or skid unit
- 20. ARFF 7–20 Structural Apparatus • Maybe adapted and equipped for ARFF • Fixed foam proportioning system — trend in structural fire fighting Courtesy of Edwin A. Jones, USAFR. (Continued)
- 21. ARFF 7–21 Structural Apparatus • Canbe ordered with various features • Difficult to meet NFPA® 414 • Hose threads/couplings must be same as ARFF apparatus • Batch mixing can be used
- 22. ARFF 7–22 Support Vehicles and Equipment •Vehicles/equipment – Command vehicles – Command post vehicles – Mobile water supply vehicles – Foam supply vehicles and trailers (Continued)
- 23. ARFF 7–23 Support Vehicles and Equipment •Vehicles/equipment – Hazardous materials vehicles/trailers – Ambulances – Mass-casualty vehicles/trailers – Decontamination trailers – Heavy rescue apparatus – Buses (Continued)
- 24. ARFF 7–24 Support Vehicles and Equipment •Interior access vehicles – Adapted for use as elevated platforms – Can be quickly positioned – Can be custom designed
- 25. ARFF 7–25 Antilock Brake Systems •Required by NFPA® 414 • Monitors and controls wheel speed during braking • Improves vehicle stability and control (Continued)
- 26. ARFF 7–26 Antilock Brake Systems •Provide driver with greater control • Keep vehicle wheels from skidding • Can give false sense of security
- 27. ARFF 7–27 Central Inflation/Deflation System (CIDS) •Allows driver to deflate tires to improve vehicle traction • Can be operated without interrupting fire fighting capability (Continued)
- 28. ARFF 7–28 Central Inflation/Deflation System (CIDS) •Deflation – Increases traction – Greater maneuverability – Aids in removing mud and debris from tread (Continued)
- 29. ARFF 7–29 Central Inflation/Deflation System (CIDS) •Operated from control panel in cab • Four terrain settings – Highway – Off-road – Soft terrain – Emergency (Continued)
- 30. ARFF 7–30 Central Inflation/Deflation System (CIDS) •WARNING! It is dangerous to be driving an ARFF vehicle at faster speeds with tires inadequately inflated or with different pressures. An accident may occur resulting in vehicle damage and injury to personnel.
- 31. ARFF 7–31 Driver’s Enhanced Vision System(DEVS) • Allows drivers to use modern technology to make a safer response • Cameras mounted on apparatus; display screens in cab (Continued)
- 32. ARFF 7–32 Driver’s Enhanced Vision System(DEVS) • Three subsystems – Night vision – Navigation – Tracking
- 33. ARFF 7–33 Vehicle Rear ViewBackup Camera Systems • Assists drivers in backing safely • Includes a camera and monitor
- 34. ARFF 7–34 Apparatus Mounted Video Cameras •Front-mounted video cameras and remote recording units • Record throughout emergency response • Provide documentation
- 35. ARFF 7–35 High-Mobility Suspension Systems • GivesARFF vehicles greater mobility • Keeps wheels in as much contact with the surface as possible • Each wheel and axle is independent from the others
- 36. ARFF 7–36 Monitoring and Data AcquisitionSystem (MADAS) • Collects minimum vehicle performance measurements • Must store information at least 120 seconds before and 15 seconds after accident
- 37. ARFF 7–37 Lateral Acceleration Indicator (LAI) •Early alert system to assist drivers in recognizing when vehicle is approaching maneuvering limits • Will not prevent vehicle from rolling over
- 38. ARFF 7–38 Fire Pumps • Everymajor ARFF vehicle has a fire pump • All ARFF vehicles are capable of delivering large quantities of water • Can operate while vehicle is in motion (Continued)
- 39. ARFF 7–39 Fire Pumps • Methodof transferring power between pump and engine for pump- and-roll varies • Switch or buttons activate fire pump from cab (Continued)
- 40. ARFF 7–40 Fire Pumps • SomeARFF apparatus have structural fire fighting capability • Advantages to structural systems on an ARFF vehicle
- 41. ARFF 7–41 Turrets • Should haveone or more turrets for application of agents • Auto-oscillating turrets — allow operator to set range of sweep (Continued)
- 42. ARFF 7–42 Turrets • Bumper turrets— allow for improved visibility for driver/operator • “Dual flow” — allows selection of low or high flow (Continued)
- 43. ARFF 7–43 Turrets • Two turrets— allow for backup in case of failure • Primary turrets — must be power- assisted
- 44. ARFF 7–44 Handlines • Needed forseveral reasons in fire fighting operations – Extinguish interior fires in fuselage – Provide protection for rescue personnel – Extinguish peripheral fires (Continued)
- 45. ARFF 7–45 Handlines • Most ARFFvehicles are equipped with handlines – Preconnected noncollapsible booster hose stored on a reel – Standard collapsible hose stored in a hose bed (Continued)
- 46. ARFF 7–46 Handlines • Larger hoserequire two personnel • Preconnect discharge valves require valve turned on • Additional features available
- 47. ARFF 7–47 Ground-Sweep and Undertruck Nozzles •Ground sweep nozzles — lay a blanket or path of foam in front of vehicle (Continued)
- 48. ARFF 7–48 Ground-Sweep and Undertruck Nozzles •Undertruck nozzles — discharge extinguishing agents directly beneath the vehicle chassis
- 49. ARFF 7–49 Extendable Turrets • Capableof attacking a fire at the base of the flames • Features – Piercing nozzle – Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) – Color video
- 50. ARFF 7–50 Elevated Waterways • Articulatingboom design — most common • Can be manipulated and agent discharged while apparatus is in motion • Leftover agent in piping system creates problems (Continued)
- 51. ARFF 7–51 Elevated Waterways • Variousnozzles used • Boom allows – Greater visibility – Greater control – Efficient application of agent • ASPN — can be installed on end of boom
- 52. ARFF 7–52 Agent Resupply Methods •ARFF vehicles — should have ability to resupply with water and foam concentrate (Continued) Courtesy of John Demyan, LVI Airport.
- 53. ARFF 7–53 Agent Resupply Methods •Methods to resupply – Rapid resupply – Sustained resupply – Resupply point • Resupply procedures should incorporate all three methods
- 54. ARFF 7–54 Water-fill Methods • Primarymethod — through hose intake connections on side or rear of apparatus (Continued)
- 55. ARFF 7–55 Water-fill Methods • Methodsof resupplying water to tank inlets – Directly from fire hydrant, mobile water supply, supply line – Fixed, overhead-fill hose –Not as fast or safe (Continued)
- 56. ARFF 7–56 Water-fill Methods • Autoshut-off system — automatically closes tank fill valve when tank is full • Water tank level control — available on newer apparatus
- 57. ARFF 7–57 Foam Resupply • Methodsof resupply – Direct filling from 5-gallon (20 L) containers – Overhead gravity filling – Mechanical or hand foam concentrate pump transfer (Continued)
- 58. ARFF 7–58 Foam Resupply • Leastdesired method — direct filling with 5-gallon (20 L) containers • Filling with foam tenders – More convenient – Allows servicing closer to incident site • Follow proper procedures
- 59. ARFF 7–59 Auxiliary Agent System Servicing •Agent stored in pressurized containers • Personnel must know type(s) of agent • Follow manufacturer’s directions (Continued)
- 60. ARFF 7–60 Auxiliary Agent System Servicing •Dry-chemical systems – Serviced in well- ventilated area – Respiratory protection used • Flush agent systems after use (Continued)
- 61. ARFF 7–61 Auxiliary Agent System Servicing •Completely flush dry-chemical piping and hoselines after discharge
- 62. ARFF 7–62 Maintenance Requirements • Apparatusmust be maintained – Always in operational condition during air carrier operations – Regularly inspected and serviced (Continued)
- 63. ARFF 7–63 Maintenance Requirements • Fireapparatus mechanic — occasionally monitor routine preventive maintenance inspections (Continued)
- 64. ARFF 7–64 Maintenance Requirements • Maintainadequate reserve apparatus • Keep complete record of vehicle information
- 65. ARFF 7–65 Summary • There aremany types of ARFF vehicles. ARFF departments should consider all applicable regulations and standards when designing the type of ARFF apparatus required for their jurisdiction. (Continued)
- 66. ARFF 7–66 Summary • ARFF departmentsshould take an all hazards approach to determine what support vehicles and equipment are necessary for a successful response outcome. (Continued)
- 67. ARFF 7–67 Summary • ARFF jurisdictionsmust provide adequate resources and establish agreements with other agencies as necessary to meet the needs of their airfields. (Continued)
- 68. ARFF 7–68 Summary • ARFF departmentsshould also develop appropriate procedures and training evaluations to ensure personnel are proficient with ARFF vehicle operations. (Continued)
- 69. ARFF 7–69 Summary • ARFF personnelmust become proficient in the operation of each assigned vehicle; having a thorough understanding of the vehicle and associated systems is vital for successful response and operations.
- 70. ARFF 7–70 Review Questions 1. Whatdetermines the minimum types of aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus required at an airport? 2. What are the specifications of a Capacity II aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus? 3. What is batch mixing? (Continued)
- 71. ARFF 7–71 Review Questions 4. Whatis the purpose of an antilock brake system? 5. What are the three subsystems of a driver’s enhanced vision system (DEVS)? 6. What is the purpose of a turret? (Continued)
- 72. ARFF 7–72 Review Questions 7. Howare pre-connect discharge valves operated? 8. What is sustained resupply? 9. In what ways can aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus be resupplied with foam concentrate? 10. When should aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus be inspected?