Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
LARGE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE ,,,An Overview
Seminar done as a part of METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.
Good PPT to study,
included most of the points to study
HASEEB KM
S3 ME
MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, COCHIN
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
LARGE PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE ,,,An Overview
Seminar done as a part of METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE.
Good PPT to study,
included most of the points to study
HASEEB KM
S3 ME
MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, COCHIN
Composite Materials are widely used in day today life and as well as in automotive and aerospace industry which are monolithic composites.but most of the monolithic composites are not able to achieve required mechanical properties,so to achieve those mechanical properties Metal Matrix composites widely used in different sectors.some of Compiled information on MMC are presented in this presentation.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
Ceramics are important engineering materials from engineering applications point of view.This presentation gives briefly important properties and applications of ceramics
The fabrication methodology of a composite part depends mainly on three factors:
(i) the characteristics of matrices and reinforcements,
(ii) the shapes, sizes and engineering details of products, and
(iii) end uses.
The composite products are too many and cover a very wide domain of applications ranging from an engine valve to an aircraft wing.
The fabrication technique varies from one product to the other.
Editor: Eng. Mohamadreza Govahi
Mentor: Dr. Ehsan Borhani
Date of Presentation: Apr 2016, Semnan PN Univeristy
*Contents
~Introduction to MMCs
~Introduction to Aluminum MMCs (AMMCs)
~Ceramic Reinforcements in AMMCs
~Types and Morphology of Reinforcements
~Aluminum Nano-composites
~Producing Methods
~Comparison in Different Procedures
~Reviews of some Experiments And Researches
If we mix a group of oils with insect repellent nature with some of the pungent smell of plants and the formation of a homogeneous mixture of them will be able to repel insects with the preservation of the environment and the security of the human.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis A Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Pol...IJRES Journal
The hybrids composite has emerged and have the potential reinforcement material for composites and thus gain attraction by many researchers. This is mainly due to their applicable benefits have they offer low density, low cost, renewable, biodegradability and environmentally harmless and also comparable mechanical properties with synthetic fiber composites. In the project natural fiber and glass hybrid composites were fabricated by using epoxy resin combination of hand lay-up method and cold press method. Specimen was cut from the fabricated laminate according to the ASTM standard for different experiments for tensile test, flexural text, and impact test. A significant improvement in tensile strength was indicated by the woven fiber glass hybrid composites. In this hybrid composite laminates banana-glass-banana (BGB) and glass-banana-glass (GBG) exhibit higher mechanical properties due to chemical treatment to natural fibers. So, the hybrid composite material shows the highest mechanical properties. This High performance hybrid composite material has extensive engineering applications such as transport industry, aeronautics, naval, automotive industries.
A comparative study on the influence of MWCNT, GO, and Al(OH)3 gel matrix mo...Adib Bin Rashid
The main objective of this paper was to identify the influence of different filler materials on the properties of hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated using randomly oriented glass fiber mats, needle punched jute fiber mats, and epoxy resin as the matrix material. Three different kinds of filler materials were studied: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene Oxide (GO), and Aluminum Hydroxide (AlOH)
nanoparticles. The secondary reinforcements were dispersed in the epoxy matrix through ultrasonication. The
composites were made by conventional hand lay-up followed by applying high pressure and temperature under a hydraulic press to effectively cure and minimize voids within the final composite. These were compared with the
properties of the unmodified composite containing no filler. The influence on mechanical properties was evaluated through tensile, flexural, and impact tests. Failure modes of the fractured tensile specimen were observed
through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was done to observe
the changes in the chemical structure upon the addition of secondary reinforcements. Lastly, water absorption
behavior and flame retardancy were observed as well. The results showed that MWCNT resulted in the composite
exhibiting superior properties and GO, on the contrary, led to the deterioration of the properties. This could be
because an optimum concentration of MWCNT was used, whereas this was not the case for GO filler. The addition
of MWCNT resulted in a more substantial but brittle composite, while AlOH enhanced the ductility of the
composite by compromising the overall strength. Hence, it can be concluded that MWCNT resulted in the formation of composites with the most desired properties.
Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituents with different physical or chemical
properties, which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A fiber is a material, which is made into
a long filament with diameter generally in the order of 10 microns. The aspect ratio of length to diameter can be
ranging from thousands to infinity in continuous fibers. Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is
encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and more
sustainable construction and packing materials. For environment concern on synthetic fiber (such as glass, carbon,
ceramic gibers etc) natural fibers (such as flax, hemp, jute, kenai) etc are widely used. Industrial hemp fiber is one
of the strongest of the natural fibers available and possesses benefits such as low cost and low production energy
requirements. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate the natural fiber composites with suitable
processing/manufacturing methods and to examine the mechanical properties when subjected to Tension, Bending
and to compare & contrast the results with the available literature. In this research work, hemp fiber reinforced
Epoxy matrix composites have been developed by hand layup method with varying process parameters, such as
coupling agent(with and without compatibilizers) and different fiber percentages (10%,20% and 30% by weight).
The developed composites were then characterized by tensile test and flexural testing. Results show that the tensile
strength and flexural properties increases with the increase in fiber percentage. However after a certain percentage
the tensile strength decreases again. Compared to untreated hemp fiber, no significant changes in the tensile strength
have been observed for treated hemp fiber reinforcement. The flexural strength / modulus of the composite were
higher compared to pure epoxy for all filler/fiber loadings.
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE - A COMPARATIVE EXPER...Journal For Research
Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. The most important advantages are hindrance of macro-cracks’ development, delay in micro-cracks’ propagation to macroscopic level. In this project the flexural properties were studied for concrete prepared using different hybrid fibre combinations of glass fibres and polypropylene fibres. The volume fraction of the glass fibres and polypropylene fibres used in this study are 0.4% and 0.5% of total volume of concrete. The flexural properties were studied using centre point loading method on beam specimens. The objective of this study is to evaluate flexural strength of fibre reinforced concrete with respect to different combination of glass fibres and polypropylene fibres. It is observed that quantity of fibres both glass fibres and polypropylene fibres play significant role in increment flexural properties of concrete.
STUDIES ON METAKAOLIN BASED BANANA FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEIAEME Publication
This paper investigates the effect of using high reactivity metakaolin on the properties of
Banana fiber reinforced concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural
strength, and Impact resistance test were investigated. HRM content used in this study was 5%,
10%, 15% and 20% with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of Banana fibers by volume of concrete.
The results indicated that the reference reinforced concrete with 2% Banana fibers by volume
showed a significant increase in Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength
and impact resistance, the percentage increase after 28-day relative to reference concrete were
29.6% , 30.7% and 179% respectively.
The results also showed that the incorporation of 15% HRM as a partial replacement by weight
of cement with 0.5% Banana fibers showed considerable improvement, the percentage increase in
compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength and 2% of Banana fibre
showed improvement of Impact resistance test after 28-day compared to reference concrete were
12.3% , 46.8% , and 46.5% respectively .
Key words: Metakaolin, Compressive strength, Banana fiber, reinforced concrete
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYBRID COMPOSITE SPRINGS IAEME Publication
The automobile industry has shown increased interest in the replacement of steel spring with composite leaf spring due to high strength to weight ratio. This work deals with the replacement of steel spring with hybrid composite springs. Five different types of spring were manufactured using Epoxy, Glass fibre, and Silk with constant cross section varying volume fraction. (40 Epoxy:45 E-Glass:15 Silk, 40 Epoxy:30 E-Glass:30 Silk, 40 Epoxy:15 E-Glass:45 Silk,50 Epoxy:50E-Glass, 50 Epoxy:50 Silk fibre ). Mechanical tests are carried out to assess the credibility of the designed leaf blades.
The Study of Self Healing Properties with High Strength Concreteijtsrd
High strength concrete is indeed a new progression in concrete technology. It groups compressive strength of 40 MPa or above. Since HSC is another kind of solid, it has not been broadly utilized by the designers. Because of absence of research, it has just been utilized as a part of some reinforced concrete members and few large and precise structures. In our study, we will try to discover the ideal extent of mineral admixture with cement to accomplish most extreme packing density and make a mix design based on the obtained results. We will be utilized five mineral admixtures as a pozzolanic material in cement. The mineral admixtures utilized were Quartz powder, Fly ash, Metakaolin, Ultra fine slag and Rice husk ash. A third generation superplasticizer will also be additionally used to set up the mix design with a specific end goal to minimize the water necessity for cement hydration. Suhel Shaikh | Rajeev Singh Parihar | Barun Kumar "The Study of Self-Healing Properties with High Strength Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48012.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/48012/the-study-of-selfhealing-properties-with-high-strength-concrete/suhel-shaikh
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Application of Composite Materials for different mechanical components
1. Application of Composite materials
for different mechanical
components
Piyush Mishra (BE-Mechanical)
Sinhgad College of Engineering, Vadgaon(Bk.),Pune
3. Composite materials
Wood Cellulose fibers bound by
lignin matrix
Bones
Stiff mineral “fibers” in
a soft organic matrix
permeated with holes
filled with liquids
Granite
Granular composite of
quartz, feldspar,
and mica
Two or more chemically different constituents combined macroscopically to yield a useful material.
5. Definition:
• A material which is composed of two or more materials at a microscopic
scale and have chemically distinct phases.
• Heterogeneous at a microscopic scale but statistically homogeneous at
macroscopic scale.
• Constituent materials have significantly different properties.
• Conditions for a material to qualify as a composite:
1. Combination of materials should result in significant property changes.
2. Content of the constituents is generally more than 10 %
3. In general, property of one constituent is much greater ( ≥ 5 times) than
the other.
7. Anatomy of composite materials
What are the functions of reinforcement?
1. Contribute desired properties
2. Load carrying
3. Transfer the strength to matrix
What are the functions of a matrix?
1. Holds the fibres together
2. Protects the fibres from environment
3. Protects the fibres from abrasion (with each other)
4. Helps to maintain the distribution of fibres
5. Distributes the loads evenly between fibres
9. • High beam stiffness
• High torsional stiffness
• Low density
• Good fatigue resistance
Tailoring the elastic
properties via
control of the fibre
architecture
Problem arises due to
combined forward &
rotational motion
Necessary torsional
stiffness
Beam strength
Helicopter Rotor Blade
10. Composite Pressure Vessels
The project was launched in partnership with M/s. Kineco Pvt. Ltd.,
Panaji and with technology support from IIT-Bombay.
The project aimed at developing filament wound pressure vessels for
the following applications.
1. Undercarriage FRP tanks (450 mm diameter with 2.00 bar operating pressure to be fitted to the railway passenger
coaches for water supply to the toilets ).
2. Two sizes of pressure vessels (500 mm & 600 mm diameter) for water treatment application; operating pressure :
3.50 bar.
11. The project was launched in
partnership with M/s. Supal FRP Pvt.
Ltd, Hyderabad with design inputs
from the Industrial Design Centre (IDC)
of IIT-Bombay.
For DG sets of capacities of 15 KVA &
100 KVA to meet 25 dB noise
attenuation levels as prescribed by
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
The enclosure was supplied to M/s
Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd., Pune for
testing and its performance was found
quite satisfactory.
The composite enclosure offers
resistance to corrosion and provide
high internal damping & low noise
transmission.
Composite
modular acoustic
enclosures
12. Composite Artificial Limbs for Physically Handicapped
The project was lunched in collaboration with M/s. Mohana Orthotics &
Prosthetic Centre, Chennai and technology support from Madras Institute of
Technology (MIT), Chennai.
Below-knee endoskeleton type artificial limbs are lighter in weight and better
appearance than ever before with improved gait for the patients.
The limb consists of the following parts:
1. a FRP tubular structure,
2. top & bottom connectors,
3. PU foot with composite keel embedded in it and
4. a polypropylene socket to accommodate the amputee stump.
Such indigenously developed below-knee artificial limb is cheaper than the
important ones.
13. References
• An Introduction to Composite Materials, D.Hull & T.W.Clyne, Second
Edition, Cambridge Solid State Science series
• Introduction to Composite Materials and Structures ,
nptel.ac.in/courses/112104168/L01, Nachiketa Tiwari, Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur
• http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105108124/11#, Dr.P.C.Pandey, IISc
Bangalore, Composite materials; Civil Engineering
• https://youtu.be/tZhH2B-EI1I
