This chapter discusses safety hazards for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It describes personal protective equipment that should be worn, including protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus, and other gear. Hazards associated with aircraft components, cargo, and emergencies are explained. The chapter also covers safety procedures for aircraft rescues and incidents involving dangerous goods, military aircraft, and agricultural application. Personnel are advised to gather information, select appropriate protective equipment, and establish control zones for hazardous situations.
This document discusses aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) apparatus. It describes the different types of ARFF vehicles and their required features based on regulatory standards. Proper maintenance and regular inspections are important to ensure all apparatus are always operational. ARFF departments must consider applicable regulations when determining vehicle needs and develop procedures for effective operation.
ACO-3 Rescue and Firefighting Personnel SafetyBrock Jester
- Airport firefighters must be trained in using personal protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus to safely perform their jobs. They should understand firefighter safety at the fire station, during response, and on scene.
- ARFF personnel should anticipate hazards to mutual aid firefighters and be well-versed in general aircraft hazards as well as hazards from systems, materials, cargo, and military aircraft. They should also be able to identify and appropriately respond to potential terrorist incidents.
This document discusses extinguishing agents used in aircraft rescue and firefighting operations. It describes water and foam as the primary agents, explaining their uses, application methods, and equipment. Water is useful for cooling aircraft and controlling interior fires but not large fuel fires. Foam forms a blanket to smother fires by excluding oxygen and provides cooling. The document outlines various foam types (AFFF, F3), proportioning systems, application techniques, and portable equipment like nozzles. It also briefly mentions dry chemicals and clean agents.
Chapter 11 Stategic and Tactical OperationsTraining1PFD
This chapter discusses strategic and tactical operations for aircraft rescue and firefighting. It covers incident management using NIMS-ICS, types of in-flight and ground emergencies, low and high impact crashes, response procedures, and considerations for responding to military aircraft accidents. The key aspects of NIMS-ICS including common terminology, modular organization, and unified command structure are described. Response priorities, size-up procedures, positioning apparatus based on wind and terrain are also outlined.
An Airport/Community Emergency Plan (A/CEP) should address multiple considerations and hazards at an airport. It should identify all agencies and organizations involved in emergency response, the roles and resources each can provide, and plans for coordinating communications and response. The A/CEP also needs to consider specific emergency scenarios like aircraft accidents, fires, and hazardous materials. Regular training exercises are important so all groups are prepared to fulfill their roles according to the A/CEP in an actual emergency.
Chapter 04 Safety and Aircraft HazardsTraining1PFD
This chapter discusses safety hazards for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It describes personal protective equipment like protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus, and alert systems that firefighters must use. Hazards associated with aircraft components, cargo, and emergencies are explained. Proper safety procedures are outlined for responding to crashes, operating at the scene, and handling dangerous goods. Critical incident stress and hazards specific to military, cargo, and helicopter incidents are also covered.
This document discusses communications for airport rescue and firefighting. It covers different types of airport alerts, functions of an Emergency Operations Center, and identifying airport communication systems and procedures. Key points include that emergency alerts may differ by airport, communication centers are important for dispatch, and ARFF personnel must be trained to proficiently use various communication methods like radios, computers, and light or hand signals depending on airport systems and noise levels during emergencies.
This chapter discusses fire suppression, ventilation, and overhaul techniques for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It covers identifying suppression methods, applying extinguishing agents such as foam and dry chemicals, conducting interior attack, and ventilating aircraft during fires. Personnel must extinguish all fires, prevent re-ignition, and preserve evidence during overhaul operations following an incident. Safety precautions are emphasized, such as avoiding agitating fuels, using self-contained breathing apparatus, and preventing interference with passenger evacuation.
This document discusses aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) apparatus. It describes the different types of ARFF vehicles and their required features based on regulatory standards. Proper maintenance and regular inspections are important to ensure all apparatus are always operational. ARFF departments must consider applicable regulations when determining vehicle needs and develop procedures for effective operation.
ACO-3 Rescue and Firefighting Personnel SafetyBrock Jester
- Airport firefighters must be trained in using personal protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus to safely perform their jobs. They should understand firefighter safety at the fire station, during response, and on scene.
- ARFF personnel should anticipate hazards to mutual aid firefighters and be well-versed in general aircraft hazards as well as hazards from systems, materials, cargo, and military aircraft. They should also be able to identify and appropriately respond to potential terrorist incidents.
This document discusses extinguishing agents used in aircraft rescue and firefighting operations. It describes water and foam as the primary agents, explaining their uses, application methods, and equipment. Water is useful for cooling aircraft and controlling interior fires but not large fuel fires. Foam forms a blanket to smother fires by excluding oxygen and provides cooling. The document outlines various foam types (AFFF, F3), proportioning systems, application techniques, and portable equipment like nozzles. It also briefly mentions dry chemicals and clean agents.
Chapter 11 Stategic and Tactical OperationsTraining1PFD
This chapter discusses strategic and tactical operations for aircraft rescue and firefighting. It covers incident management using NIMS-ICS, types of in-flight and ground emergencies, low and high impact crashes, response procedures, and considerations for responding to military aircraft accidents. The key aspects of NIMS-ICS including common terminology, modular organization, and unified command structure are described. Response priorities, size-up procedures, positioning apparatus based on wind and terrain are also outlined.
An Airport/Community Emergency Plan (A/CEP) should address multiple considerations and hazards at an airport. It should identify all agencies and organizations involved in emergency response, the roles and resources each can provide, and plans for coordinating communications and response. The A/CEP also needs to consider specific emergency scenarios like aircraft accidents, fires, and hazardous materials. Regular training exercises are important so all groups are prepared to fulfill their roles according to the A/CEP in an actual emergency.
Chapter 04 Safety and Aircraft HazardsTraining1PFD
This chapter discusses safety hazards for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It describes personal protective equipment like protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus, and alert systems that firefighters must use. Hazards associated with aircraft components, cargo, and emergencies are explained. Proper safety procedures are outlined for responding to crashes, operating at the scene, and handling dangerous goods. Critical incident stress and hazards specific to military, cargo, and helicopter incidents are also covered.
This document discusses communications for airport rescue and firefighting. It covers different types of airport alerts, functions of an Emergency Operations Center, and identifying airport communication systems and procedures. Key points include that emergency alerts may differ by airport, communication centers are important for dispatch, and ARFF personnel must be trained to proficiently use various communication methods like radios, computers, and light or hand signals depending on airport systems and noise levels during emergencies.
This chapter discusses fire suppression, ventilation, and overhaul techniques for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It covers identifying suppression methods, applying extinguishing agents such as foam and dry chemicals, conducting interior attack, and ventilating aircraft during fires. Personnel must extinguish all fires, prevent re-ignition, and preserve evidence during overhaul operations following an incident. Safety precautions are emphasized, such as avoiding agitating fuels, using self-contained breathing apparatus, and preventing interference with passenger evacuation.
ACO-6 Application of Extinguishing Agents Brock Jester
- ARFF personnel should be familiar with common extinguishing agents used to fight aircraft fires such as water, foam, dry chemical, dry powder, and clean agents. Foam applications are most widely used due to their greater ability to extinguish hydrocarbon and polar solvent fuel fires.
- ARFF personnel must understand the foam proportioning process and various eductors and equipment used. They should also understand the four methods to apply foam and common foam application equipment on ARFF apparatus.
- ARFF firefighters must have knowledge of dry chemical, dry powder, and clean agent extinguishing agents as well as the best uses of agents and application equipment.
ACO- 9 Adapting and Using Structural and Firefighting Equipment for Aircraft ...Brock Jester
Driver/operators of ARFF vehicles are responsible for vehicle inspection and maintenance to ensure systems are functioning properly. They must also safely drive vehicles to emergency scenes, positioning the vehicle considering the terrain and limitations of ARFF apparatus. Driver/operators are responsible for operating agent discharge systems and administering foam and water, practicing frequently to master agent management.
ACO-5 Use of Handlines, Turrets, and other Appliances Brock Jester
This chapter discusses aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) apparatus. It explains that airports are categorized based on factors like aircraft size and daily departures, which determines the number and types of ARFF vehicles required. The chapter describes various types of ARFF apparatus and their features, including fire suppression equipment, safety systems, and methods for resupplying water and foam. It stresses the importance of ARFF vehicles being well-maintained and operational during airport operations.
- Airport firefighters must thoroughly familiarize themselves with the airport layout and surroundings in order to safely and efficiently perform their jobs. This includes understanding the airport type, classification, runway and taxiway systems, signs, and other key areas.
- Familiarity with these airport features can save valuable time during an emergency response and help protect both crash victims and the responders themselves. The design and infrastructure of the airport can significantly impact firefighting operations.
This chapter discusses aircraft familiarization for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It covers different types of aircraft including commercial, military, cargo, and general aviation. It describes major aircraft components like the fuselage, wings, engines, and tail. It also discusses different aircraft systems including fuel, hydraulic, electrical and auxiliary systems. The goal is for students to understand basic aircraft information and how it relates to aircraft rescue and firefighting operations.
ACO- 11 Familiarization with Firefighter Duties Under the Airport Emergency P...Brock Jester
An Airport/Community Emergency Plan (A/CEP) should address multiple considerations and hazards at an airport. It should identify all agencies and organizations involved in emergency response, the roles and resources each can provide, and plans for coordinating communications and response. The A/CEP also needs to consider specific emergency scenarios like aircraft accidents, fires, and hazardous materials. Regular training exercises are important so all groups are prepared to fulfill their roles according to the A/CEP in case of an actual emergency at the airport.
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance Brock Jester
This chapter of the document discusses aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF). It covers safety considerations and proper use of ARFF tools and equipment. A wide variety of hand tools and power tools are used, including saws, spreaders, and lighting/electrical equipment. The document outlines procedures for accessing aircraft interiors, operating in different environments, conducting rescues, and shutting down aircraft systems. It emphasizes doing all operations safely and prioritizing victim rescue and care.
Chapter 01 Qualification for Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Personnel Brock Jester
- ARFF personnel have three main priorities - rescue occupants, extinguish fires, and remove debris. They must be highly trained to carry out these time-critical missions.
- The history of ARFF dates back to the early days of aviation and has evolved with developments in aircraft technology. Significant milestones include regulations established during WWII and improvements in response to the advent of commercial jet travel.
- ARFF training programs cover skills like aircraft familiarization, emergency response techniques, and operating specialized vehicles and equipment that are required to effectively respond to airport incidents and crashes.
Chapter 05 Fire and Rescue Communications Training1PFD
This chapter discusses communications systems and procedures used in aviation fire and rescue operations. It covers airport communication systems including audible alarms, direct-line phones, radio systems, and frequencies. Proper communication procedures and terminology such as the ICAO phonetic alphabet and aviation terms are presented. The chapter also discusses the use of computers, light signals, and hand signals in airport and aircraft rescue firefighting communications.
ACO-10 Aircraft Cargo Hazards, Including Haz-Mat and Dangerous Goods Brock Jester
- The chapter discusses strategies and tactics for responding to various aircraft emergencies and accidents. It covers components of the National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-ICS) and how it provides an organizational structure for emergency responses.
- The document outlines procedures for responding to different types of in-flight emergencies, ground emergencies, and crashes including low-impact and high-impact scenarios. It stresses the importance of understanding response protocols, following appropriate safety warnings, and working within the chain of command during aircraft incident responses.
- ARFF personnel are instructed on factors to consider when sizing up an aircraft emergency scene and properly initiating rescue operations while prioritizing life safety above all else
Chapter 08 Rescue Tools and Equipment Training1PFD
This chapter discusses rescue tools and equipment used in aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) operations. It describes both hand tools and power tools used to cut, pry, and stabilize aircraft during rescue efforts. Safety is the top priority when using tools near flammable fuels or unstable aircraft. A variety of lifting, pulling and lighting equipment is also used to assist with rescues. Proper training is needed to safely use all rescue tools during ARFF operations.
The document discusses strategies and tactics for using aerial apparatus, including:
1. Victim removal priorities, such as rescuing those most threatened first.
2. Techniques for raising the aerial device to reach a victim, positioning it for window or roof rescues, and removing victims from elevated positions.
3. Safety issues associated with using aerial devices for water rescues, aircraft rescues, below-grade operations, and ventilation. Positioning the aerial device properly is important for exposure protection and ventilation operations.
This document discusses considerations for airport emergency plans including defining primary and secondary response, identifying resources and agencies involved, addressing different types of accidents and incidents, and the importance of training. An effective airport emergency plan accounts for the unique characteristics of each airport and coordinates all responding entities.
This document covers chapter 16 on fire streams from a firefighter training manual. It discusses the properties of water and steam that make them effective extinguishing agents. It also explains the different types of fire stream nozzles, including smoothbore, fog, and broken stream nozzles. The key factors that determine fire stream patterns and effectiveness are also examined, such as water pressure, nozzle design, and distance from the target. Proper operation and maintenance of handline nozzles is emphasized.
This document provides a chart summarizing dangerous goods classes and their associated hazards and immediate actions. It lists 10 classes of dangerous goods including explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizers, toxins, radioactive materials and corrosives. For each class, it describes the hazard such as fire, explosion or toxicity risks. It also provides immediate action steps to minimize leakage, contact with other cargo, notify authorities and take other protective measures depending on the material.
This document provides an overview of NFPA 402 standards for airport firefighting and rescue. It discusses requirements for pre-incident planning, emergency response, aircraft construction and fuels, evacuation and rescue procedures, and fire control and extinguishment. Key aspects covered include delineating emergency response areas, types of aircraft alerts, hazards for firefighters, recommended extinguishing agents, and the importance of size-up assessments to make operational decisions during an incident.
- Airport firefighters must be thoroughly familiar with various types of civilian and military aircraft to safely operate during emergencies and recognize unique features of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.
- ARFF personnel need to understand the types of engines used to power aircraft and how to function safely around aircraft during normal and emergency conditions.
- Firefighters should be trained to recognize materials used in aircraft construction to understand how materials behave during crashes and fires, and identify and address fuel, power, and safety systems aboard aircraft.
This document discusses the impact of fire on building construction. It covers various building materials like wood, masonry, metal, concrete, gypsum and others, and how each is affected by heat. It also addresses construction classifications, occupancy types, and basic components of buildings like foundations, floors, walls, roofs, doors and windows. The document emphasizes that understanding building construction is essential for firefighter safety and effectively fighting fires.
To safely perform their jobs, airport firefighters should be well-trained in using personal protective equipment. They should also be familiar with firefighter safety practices at emergency scenes, during responses, and at fire stations. ARFF personnel need knowledge of general aircraft hazards as well as specific dangers posed by different types of aircraft, military aircraft, cargo, and potential terrorist incidents. Proper identification and mitigation of hazards is important for their protection.
This document provides an overview of aircraft inspection, documentation, ground handling, and maintenance training. It discusses safety procedures for aircraft inspection, ground handling, towing, taxiing, parking, marshalling, fueling, jacking, and servicing. Precautions are outlined for propeller safety, towing and taxiing rules, control surface locking, tie-downs, jack points, and fuel identification. Ground support equipment for electrical and hydraulic power is also summarized. The goal is to train students on aircraft inspection and ground operations according to proper procedures.
ACO-6 Application of Extinguishing Agents Brock Jester
- ARFF personnel should be familiar with common extinguishing agents used to fight aircraft fires such as water, foam, dry chemical, dry powder, and clean agents. Foam applications are most widely used due to their greater ability to extinguish hydrocarbon and polar solvent fuel fires.
- ARFF personnel must understand the foam proportioning process and various eductors and equipment used. They should also understand the four methods to apply foam and common foam application equipment on ARFF apparatus.
- ARFF firefighters must have knowledge of dry chemical, dry powder, and clean agent extinguishing agents as well as the best uses of agents and application equipment.
ACO- 9 Adapting and Using Structural and Firefighting Equipment for Aircraft ...Brock Jester
Driver/operators of ARFF vehicles are responsible for vehicle inspection and maintenance to ensure systems are functioning properly. They must also safely drive vehicles to emergency scenes, positioning the vehicle considering the terrain and limitations of ARFF apparatus. Driver/operators are responsible for operating agent discharge systems and administering foam and water, practicing frequently to master agent management.
ACO-5 Use of Handlines, Turrets, and other Appliances Brock Jester
This chapter discusses aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) apparatus. It explains that airports are categorized based on factors like aircraft size and daily departures, which determines the number and types of ARFF vehicles required. The chapter describes various types of ARFF apparatus and their features, including fire suppression equipment, safety systems, and methods for resupplying water and foam. It stresses the importance of ARFF vehicles being well-maintained and operational during airport operations.
- Airport firefighters must thoroughly familiarize themselves with the airport layout and surroundings in order to safely and efficiently perform their jobs. This includes understanding the airport type, classification, runway and taxiway systems, signs, and other key areas.
- Familiarity with these airport features can save valuable time during an emergency response and help protect both crash victims and the responders themselves. The design and infrastructure of the airport can significantly impact firefighting operations.
This chapter discusses aircraft familiarization for aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel. It covers different types of aircraft including commercial, military, cargo, and general aviation. It describes major aircraft components like the fuselage, wings, engines, and tail. It also discusses different aircraft systems including fuel, hydraulic, electrical and auxiliary systems. The goal is for students to understand basic aircraft information and how it relates to aircraft rescue and firefighting operations.
ACO- 11 Familiarization with Firefighter Duties Under the Airport Emergency P...Brock Jester
An Airport/Community Emergency Plan (A/CEP) should address multiple considerations and hazards at an airport. It should identify all agencies and organizations involved in emergency response, the roles and resources each can provide, and plans for coordinating communications and response. The A/CEP also needs to consider specific emergency scenarios like aircraft accidents, fires, and hazardous materials. Regular training exercises are important so all groups are prepared to fulfill their roles according to the A/CEP in case of an actual emergency at the airport.
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance Brock Jester
This chapter of the document discusses aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF). It covers safety considerations and proper use of ARFF tools and equipment. A wide variety of hand tools and power tools are used, including saws, spreaders, and lighting/electrical equipment. The document outlines procedures for accessing aircraft interiors, operating in different environments, conducting rescues, and shutting down aircraft systems. It emphasizes doing all operations safely and prioritizing victim rescue and care.
Chapter 01 Qualification for Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Personnel Brock Jester
- ARFF personnel have three main priorities - rescue occupants, extinguish fires, and remove debris. They must be highly trained to carry out these time-critical missions.
- The history of ARFF dates back to the early days of aviation and has evolved with developments in aircraft technology. Significant milestones include regulations established during WWII and improvements in response to the advent of commercial jet travel.
- ARFF training programs cover skills like aircraft familiarization, emergency response techniques, and operating specialized vehicles and equipment that are required to effectively respond to airport incidents and crashes.
Chapter 05 Fire and Rescue Communications Training1PFD
This chapter discusses communications systems and procedures used in aviation fire and rescue operations. It covers airport communication systems including audible alarms, direct-line phones, radio systems, and frequencies. Proper communication procedures and terminology such as the ICAO phonetic alphabet and aviation terms are presented. The chapter also discusses the use of computers, light signals, and hand signals in airport and aircraft rescue firefighting communications.
ACO-10 Aircraft Cargo Hazards, Including Haz-Mat and Dangerous Goods Brock Jester
- The chapter discusses strategies and tactics for responding to various aircraft emergencies and accidents. It covers components of the National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-ICS) and how it provides an organizational structure for emergency responses.
- The document outlines procedures for responding to different types of in-flight emergencies, ground emergencies, and crashes including low-impact and high-impact scenarios. It stresses the importance of understanding response protocols, following appropriate safety warnings, and working within the chain of command during aircraft incident responses.
- ARFF personnel are instructed on factors to consider when sizing up an aircraft emergency scene and properly initiating rescue operations while prioritizing life safety above all else
Chapter 08 Rescue Tools and Equipment Training1PFD
This chapter discusses rescue tools and equipment used in aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) operations. It describes both hand tools and power tools used to cut, pry, and stabilize aircraft during rescue efforts. Safety is the top priority when using tools near flammable fuels or unstable aircraft. A variety of lifting, pulling and lighting equipment is also used to assist with rescues. Proper training is needed to safely use all rescue tools during ARFF operations.
The document discusses strategies and tactics for using aerial apparatus, including:
1. Victim removal priorities, such as rescuing those most threatened first.
2. Techniques for raising the aerial device to reach a victim, positioning it for window or roof rescues, and removing victims from elevated positions.
3. Safety issues associated with using aerial devices for water rescues, aircraft rescues, below-grade operations, and ventilation. Positioning the aerial device properly is important for exposure protection and ventilation operations.
This document discusses considerations for airport emergency plans including defining primary and secondary response, identifying resources and agencies involved, addressing different types of accidents and incidents, and the importance of training. An effective airport emergency plan accounts for the unique characteristics of each airport and coordinates all responding entities.
This document covers chapter 16 on fire streams from a firefighter training manual. It discusses the properties of water and steam that make them effective extinguishing agents. It also explains the different types of fire stream nozzles, including smoothbore, fog, and broken stream nozzles. The key factors that determine fire stream patterns and effectiveness are also examined, such as water pressure, nozzle design, and distance from the target. Proper operation and maintenance of handline nozzles is emphasized.
This document provides a chart summarizing dangerous goods classes and their associated hazards and immediate actions. It lists 10 classes of dangerous goods including explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizers, toxins, radioactive materials and corrosives. For each class, it describes the hazard such as fire, explosion or toxicity risks. It also provides immediate action steps to minimize leakage, contact with other cargo, notify authorities and take other protective measures depending on the material.
This document provides an overview of NFPA 402 standards for airport firefighting and rescue. It discusses requirements for pre-incident planning, emergency response, aircraft construction and fuels, evacuation and rescue procedures, and fire control and extinguishment. Key aspects covered include delineating emergency response areas, types of aircraft alerts, hazards for firefighters, recommended extinguishing agents, and the importance of size-up assessments to make operational decisions during an incident.
- Airport firefighters must be thoroughly familiar with various types of civilian and military aircraft to safely operate during emergencies and recognize unique features of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.
- ARFF personnel need to understand the types of engines used to power aircraft and how to function safely around aircraft during normal and emergency conditions.
- Firefighters should be trained to recognize materials used in aircraft construction to understand how materials behave during crashes and fires, and identify and address fuel, power, and safety systems aboard aircraft.
This document discusses the impact of fire on building construction. It covers various building materials like wood, masonry, metal, concrete, gypsum and others, and how each is affected by heat. It also addresses construction classifications, occupancy types, and basic components of buildings like foundations, floors, walls, roofs, doors and windows. The document emphasizes that understanding building construction is essential for firefighter safety and effectively fighting fires.
To safely perform their jobs, airport firefighters should be well-trained in using personal protective equipment. They should also be familiar with firefighter safety practices at emergency scenes, during responses, and at fire stations. ARFF personnel need knowledge of general aircraft hazards as well as specific dangers posed by different types of aircraft, military aircraft, cargo, and potential terrorist incidents. Proper identification and mitigation of hazards is important for their protection.
This document provides an overview of aircraft inspection, documentation, ground handling, and maintenance training. It discusses safety procedures for aircraft inspection, ground handling, towing, taxiing, parking, marshalling, fueling, jacking, and servicing. Precautions are outlined for propeller safety, towing and taxiing rules, control surface locking, tie-downs, jack points, and fuel identification. Ground support equipment for electrical and hydraulic power is also summarized. The goal is to train students on aircraft inspection and ground operations according to proper procedures.
This chapter discusses driver and operator safety for aircraft rescue and fire fighting vehicles. It covers vehicle inspection and maintenance procedures, safe driving principles like controlling skids and rollovers, and operational considerations specific to airports like avoiding driving under aircraft wings. The chapter also provides guidance on operating vehicles off-road in loose soil or mud and navigating steep grades and obstacles.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) for first responders. It describes the typical components of PPE including respiratory equipment and protective clothing. Structural fire-fighting clothing provides limited protection from hazardous materials while chemical-protective clothing offers more protection but requires additional training. Positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is commonly used but has advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate level of PPE depends on the specific hazardous materials incident and risks involved.
Airside Occupational Health and Safety Procedure - 2015Andrew Louis
The document outlines PX Airside Health and Safety procedures for personnel working in airside operations. It discusses four key procedures: 1) hearing conservation and use of protective equipment, 2) hygiene and handwashing, 3) proper use of protective clothing and equipment, and 4) safe manual handling and lifting techniques to prevent back injuries. Personnel must adhere to noise protection, hygiene, and safety clothing standards. They must also follow lifting guidelines which include testing weight, proper posture, and getting assistance for heavy loads. Non-compliance with these procedures could result in injuries or penalties.
1. The document discusses emergency response procedures for dangerous goods incidents on aircraft. It outlines the information that must be provided to pilots regarding dangerous cargo and emergency procedures.
2. It describes the different classes of cargo compartments on aircraft and emergency equipment located on board. Checklists are provided for pilots and cabin crew to follow in case of a dangerous goods fire, spill, or leakage in the passenger cabin or cargo areas.
3. An emergency response chart is presented listing different drill codes corresponding to the risks of various dangerous goods and outlining spill and firefighting procedures for each.
This chapter of the driver/operator handbook discusses operating articulating aerial equipment, including raising and lowering the device. It outlines the proper procedures for deploying the aerial device, which involves a series of motions like elevating, rotating, and extending. The document also addresses operating the equipment under adverse conditions such as high winds, low temperatures, or ice formation, and the safety guidelines that should be followed.
This chapter of the driver/operator handbook discusses operating articulating aerial equipment, including raising and lowering the device, and operating under adverse conditions such as wind, ice, and heat. It provides procedures for deploying and returning the aerial device, and safety guidelines, noting that failure can usually be blamed on improper maintenance or lack of operator knowledge and awareness.
This chapter discusses communications systems and procedures used in aviation fire and rescue operations. It covers airport communication systems including audible alarms, direct-line phones, radio systems, and frequencies. Proper communication procedures and terminology such as the ICAO phonetic alphabet and aviation terms are presented. The chapter also discusses the use of computers, light signals, and hand signals used in aircraft accident operations.
This document outlines two hazardous materials transportation classes - an initial 2-day class covering DOT and IATA regulations for $325 per person, and a 1-day recurrent class for $200 per person. The initial class includes an introduction to regulations, navigation of requirements, and topics like classification, packaging, and emergency response. The instructor, Alaina Yockey, has over six years of experience conducting hazardous materials trainings. Additional services include customized trainings, needs assessments, and training record systems.
IFSTA Aerial apparatus driver-operator handbook 2Ed ch 02 Apparatus safetyYorman J. Mari Peraza
This chapter of the Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook discusses apparatus safety. It identifies the five main causes of fire apparatus collisions as reckless driving, excessive speed, lack of driving skills, improper backing, and poor vehicle design. The chapter emphasizes the importance of driver readiness and attitude, as well as ensuring the safety of all apparatus riders. When backing, drivers should follow general safety rules including using spotters and backing lights or cameras. The goal is for drivers to have excellent understanding of apparatus capabilities and safety regulations.
This chapter of the Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook discusses apparatus safety. It identifies the five main causes of fire apparatus collisions as reckless driving, excessive speed, lack of driving skills, improper backing, and poor vehicle design. The chapter emphasizes the importance of driver readiness and attitude, as well as ensuring the safety of all apparatus riders. When backing, drivers should follow general safety rules including using spotters and backing cameras if available.
Ifsta aerial apparatus driver operator handbook 2 ed ch 02 apparatus safetyYorman J. Mari Peraza
This chapter of the Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook discusses apparatus safety. It identifies the five main causes of fire apparatus collisions as reckless driving, excessive speed, lack of driving skills, improper backing, and poor vehicle design. The chapter emphasizes the importance of driver readiness and attitude, as well as ensuring the safety of all apparatus riders. When backing, drivers should use spotters and follow general safety rules such as using backup cameras or lights and sounding the air horn before moving.
The document provides guidance on safely conducting helicopter flights. It outlines the necessary personal protective equipment, passenger briefing topics, in-flight discipline rules, and emergency procedures. Passengers must be briefed on equipment, smoking bans, loading/unloading procedures, door/exit locations, following pilot instructions, securing loose items, and emergency seating/egress. The goal is to ensure all personnel understand how to safely conduct themselves during helicopter operations.
This document provides an overview of safety measures for aircraft refueling, including required personal protective equipment (PPE), ground safety equipment, and elements of a proper refueling environment. PPE that must be worn includes steel-toed boots, hearing protection, eye protection, and gloves to protect from injuries. Necessary ground safety equipment includes a portable fire extinguisher and wheel chocks. A proper refueling environment has the aircraft parked in an approved spot, with all required PPE and safety equipment in use.
This document discusses limitations and objectives regarding dangerous goods transportation by air. It defines limitations as goods that are too dangerous to carry on aircraft or can only be carried on cargo aircraft. The objectives are to identify goods that are forbidden, permitted as cargo, or excepted from regulations. It also covers dangerous goods in excepted and limited quantities, as well as state and operator variations. The main types of dangerous goods are listed as forbidden, to be sent as cargo, or acceptable. Hidden dangerous goods and those carried by passengers or crew are also addressed.
This chapter discusses inspection, maintenance, and testing procedures for aerial fire apparatus. It describes the importance of establishing a systematic maintenance program to dictate responsibilities. Proper procedures are outlined for inspecting and cleaning both the interior and exterior of the apparatus. The chapter also provides detailed guidance on performing walk-around, in-cab, and engine compartment inspections. Finally, it discusses various testing methods for aerial devices, including visual, operational, load, and nondestructive inspections.
This chapter discusses inspection, maintenance, and testing procedures for aerial fire apparatus. It describes the importance of establishing a systematic maintenance program to dictate responsibilities. Proper procedures are outlined for inspecting and cleaning both the interior and exterior of the apparatus. The chapter also provides detailed guidance on performing walk-around, in-cab, and engine compartment inspections. Finally, it discusses various testing methods for aerial devices, including visual, operational, load, and nondestructive inspections.
Similar to Chapter 04 Safety and Aircraft Hazards (20)
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
1. Aircraft Rescue and Fire
Fighting,
5th
Edition
Chapter 4 — Safety and Aircraft
Hazards
2. ARFF
4–2
Chapter 4 Lesson Goal
• After completing this lesson, the student
shall be able to recognize safety and
aircraft hazards and explain appropriate
actions to take to avoid those hazards.
3. ARFF
4–3
Objectives
1. Discuss personal protective
equipment.
2. Recognize the importance of
firefighter safety.
3. Explain hazards associated
with aircraft rescue and fire fighting.
(Continued)
4. ARFF
4–4
Objectives
4. Describe hazards associated
with aircraft cargo.
5. Discuss military aircraft hazards.
6. Discuss the occurrence of
terrorist incidents at airports.
5. ARFF
4–5
Personal Protective Clothing
and Equipment
• Protective clothing
– Provides various types of protection
– Must fit properly
• Protective equipment
– Serves various functions
– Must be used properly
6. ARFF
4–6
Personal Protective Clothing
• Wear full protective clothing ensemble
and SCBA during operations
• Proximity suits — may be worn
depending upon fire conditions
9. ARFF
4–9
Structural Fire Fighting
Protective Clothing
• May respond in
structural clothing
• Consists of various
components
• Protects from all but
extreme conditions
(Continued)
10. ARFF
4–10
Structural Fire Fighting
Protective Clothing
• Limited in some applications
• Proximity suits — recommended for
aircraft fire fighting by NFPA®
1500
• Has both positive characteristics and
limited abilities
• Requirements stated in NFPA®
1971
11. ARFF
4–11
Chemical Protective Clothing
• Aircraft accidents may contain
hazardous materials
• Not all ARFF firefighters specialize in
haz-mat operations
• Requirements stated in NFPA®
472
13. ARFF
4–13
Proximity Fire Fighting
Protective Clothing
• Has unique characteristics
• Don’t confuse with fire entry suits
• Must wear SCBA with both proximity
clothing and fire entry suits
• Requirements stated in NFPA®
1971
16. ARFF
4–16
Personal Alert Safety Systems
(PASS)
• Must wear a PASS device in hazardous
atmospheres
• Standards are found in NFPA®
1982
• Alarm sounds when wearer is
incapacitated
(Continued)
17. ARFF
4–17
Personal Alert Safety Systems
(PASS)
• May have other
characteristics
• Increases chances of
being found
• Can have problems
– Dead batteries
– Not being activated
Courtesy of Doddy Photography.
18. ARFF
4–18
Hearing Protection
• Required because of
noise levels
• Standards — NFPA®
1500
• Should be available to
firefighters
• Establish hearing
awareness program
19. ARFF
4–19
Eye Protection
• Many sources of eye
injury for ARFF
personnel
• Wear safety glasses
combined with other
means of eye
protection
(Continued)
22. ARFF
4–22
Fire Station Safety
• Practice good housekeeping
• Keep floors and walking surfaces clean,
dry, and clear of clutter
• Ensure exit areas are lighted and free
of obstructions
• Store all hazardous materials properly
(Continued)
24. ARFF
4–24
Fire Station Safety
• Follow and post tool and equipment
safety rules
• Place portable heaters out of travel
routes/away from combustibles
• Use only portable heaters that
deactivate if knocked over
25. ARFF
4–25
Emergency Response
• Be properly dressed and buckled prior
to departing
• Do NOT attempt to don protective
clothing enroute
• Secure loose items in cab
(Continued)
27. ARFF
4–27
Scene Management
• Secure scene perimeter and limit entry
• Establish operating zones
– Hot zone
– Warm zone
– Cold zone
• Smaller incidents — cordoned area
(Continued)
29. ARFF
4–29
Personnel Accountability
• System of accountability must track all
personnel
• Two-in/two-out policy
– All interior fire fighting operations
– Required by both OSHA and NFPA®
• Become familiar with aircraft
30. ARFF
4–30
Personnel Decontamination
• Accident sites contain
hazards
– Hazardous materials
– Biohazards
• Always need
decontamination Courtesy of Brian Canady, DFWIA
Department of Public Safety.
31. ARFF
4–31
Critical Incident Stress
Management (CISM)
• Aircraft incidents can be more stressful
– Hazardous conditions
– Large number of injuries/fatalities
• AHJ teams assist in debriefing
• Know when to ask for help
32. ARFF
4–32
Critical Incident Stress
Debriefing (CISD)
• Peer-group or professional interaction
immediately after incident
• Should begin as soon as fires
extinguished at major fatality incidents
• Participation should NOT be optional
(Continued)
33. ARFF
4–33
Critical Incident Stress
Debriefing (CISD)
• Process should sometimes start before
firefighters enter scene
• Defusing — done at end of shifts of
major operations
• Participate in a full debriefing within 72
hours
34. ARFF
4–34
Aircraft Fire Fighting Hazards
• Accidents should be treated as potential
hazardous materials incidents
• Military incidents involve hazardous
materials
• Enormous quantities of fuel
(Continued)
35. ARFF
4–35
Aircraft Fire Fighting Hazards
• Use proper PPE and decontaminate
• Other hazards in accidents
– Agricultural spraying
– Maintenance facilities
– Hazardous cargo
36. ARFF
4–36
Hazardous Conditions at the
Emergency Scene
• Wreckage of the aircraft
• Confined space hazards
• Heat stress
• Fuel hazards
40. ARFF
4–40
Engine Hazards
• WARNING! Even if a propeller has
stopped, do not move it under any
conditions. Piston engines that have
recently stopped can sometimes cycle,
violently rotate, or restart if the propeller
is moved.
(Continued)
42. ARFF
4–42
Helicopter Hazards
• Approach with caution
• Rotors present greatest hazard
• Pilot must signal safe for approach
• Never approach from rear
(Continued)
43. ARFF
4–43
Helicopter Hazards
• Approach and leave helicopter
– In a crouched position
– In view of pilot
• Carry all equipment and tools
– Horizontally
– Below the waist
(Continued)
45. ARFF
4–45
Helicopter Hazards
• WARNING! Firefighters should wear
eye protection, hearing protection, coat
or jacket, bright colored or reflective
clothes, and helmets ANY TIME they
are around helicopters with running
engines, regardless of circumstances.
46. ARFF
4–46
Ballistic Recovery Systems
(BRS)
• Used in general aviation aircraft, ultra-
lights, and experimental aircraft
• Designed to rapidly deploy a parachute
that stabilizes aircraft
• Save lives but also present hazard to
ARFF personnel
(Continued)
48. ARFF
4–48
Ballistic Recovery Systems
(BRS)
• WARNING! Ballistic recovery
parachutes can be fired vertically or
horizontally and are not always readily
visible on the aircraft or location from
where they are fired. Do not use
ordinary bolt cutters or side cutters to
cut the activation housing.
49. ARFF
4–49
Air Cargo Transport
• Transport of cargo
– Large companies
– Commercial flights
• Cargo
– Often harmless
– Also frequently classified as hazardous or
dangerous
(Continued)
50. ARFF
4–50
Air Cargo Transport
• Any aircraft crash could be considered
to involve dangerous goods
• Use proper procedures to protect from
effects of dangerous goods
51. ARFF
4–51
Air Cargo Transport — Laws
and Regulations
• Highly regulated
• Air carriers inspect
packages and
documents
• “Undeclared”
shipments of
hazardous
materials occur (Continued)
Courtesy of John Demyan, LVI
Airport.
52. ARFF
4–52
Air Cargo Transport — Laws
and Regulations
• Hazardous materials may be involved in
any crash
• CFR Title 14 Part 139 requires training
53. ARFF
4–53
Classification of Dangerous
Goods
• Class 1 — Explosives
• Class 2 — Gases
• Class 3 — Flammable liquids
• Class 4 — Flammable solids
• Class 5 — Oxidizing substances
(Continued)
54. ARFF
4–54
Classification of Dangerous
Goods
• Class 6 — Poisonous
(toxic) and infectious
substances
• Class 7 — Radioactive
materials
• Class 8 — Corrosives
• Class 9 —
Miscellaneous
dangerous goods
Courtesy of Doddy Photography.
55. ARFF
4–55
Shipment of Dangerous Goods
• Usually placed in
containers called unit load
devices
• Devices are then loaded
onto aircraft
• Certain dangerous goods
must be accessible to crew
(Continued)
57. ARFF
4–57
Product Identification
• May be difficult in air transport
situations
• Several means of identifying dangerous
goods
• Documentation varies with carrier
(Continued)
61. ARFF
4–61
Personal Protective Equipment
• Be familiar with PPE used
• AHJ ensures NFPA®
1500 compliance
• Select PPE based on several factors
– SOPs
– Nature of incident
– Resources available
(Continued)
62. ARFF
4–62
Personal Protective Equipment
• Personnel should NOT be assigned
tasks for which they
– Do not have adequate training
– Do not have adequate PPE
• ARFF role may be limited in situations
involving unknown materials
63. ARFF
4–63
Dangerous Goods Operations
• First responsibility of units responding
to dangerous goods incidents
– Isolate the scene
– Deny entry
(Continued)
65. ARFF
4–65
Dangerous Goods Operations
• ARFF personnel trained as technicians
or specialists on hazmat operations
should NOT be engaged in
– Rescues
– Body recoveries
66. ARFF
4–66
Lavatory Waste Spills
• Waste tanks have a wide range of
capacity
• Spills may occur in various areas
– Aircraft ramp
– Enroute to disposal
68. ARFF
4–68
Agricultural Application
• Usually have support vehicles
• Must be applied at low altitudes
• Often fly close to obstructions
• Crash sites difficult to reach
• No indication of what is being carried
(Continued)
71. ARFF
4–71
Special Hazards Associated
With Military Aircraft
• Chaff
• Flares
• Pyrotechnics
Courtesy of LCPL Andrew Williams
(USMC), Defense Visual Information
Center (DVIC). (Continued)
73. ARFF
4–73
Emergency Ejection Systems
• Accidentally activating ejection seats
and canopies may be extremely
dangerous
• Personnel must know how to safely
secure or avoid
• NEVER jettison indoors
74. ARFF
4–74
Ejection Seats
• Rocket- or gas-powered
• Fired in different manners
• Crew members fire seats
• Opening a hatch could cause seat to
fire
(Continued)
75. ARFF
4–75
Ejection Seats
• Civilian ARFF personnel should not
attempt to disarm system
• Military personnel must be contacted to
disarm systems
(Continued)
76. ARFF
4–76
Ejection Seats
• WARNING! Safetying an ejection
system is a hazardous operation.
Rescue personnel should not attempt to
safety an ejection system if they do not
have the proper training and equipment
necessary for the specific model of
aircraft.
77. ARFF
4–77
Canopies
• Canopy — encloses the cockpit
• Designed to protect the pilot and crew
• Three main types
– Clamshell
– Sliding
– Hinged
(Continued)
78. ARFF
4–78
Canopies
• Clamshell and sliding — most common
• Sliding — easier to operate during
rescues
• Actuated in various ways
(Continued)
79. ARFF
4–79
Canopies
• Some are disintegrated with explosives
built into the shell or along frame
• Most have an external means of
jettisoning
• Should be jettisoned only if absolutely
necessary
80. ARFF
4–80
Propellant Actuating Devices
• Canopy removers
• Initiators
• Rotary actuators
• Thrusters
• Explosive squibs
• Seat catapults
Courtesy of SSgt Bennie J. Davis III
(USAF), Defense Visual Information
Center (DVIC).
82. ARFF
4–82
Military Weapons and Weapon
Systems
• Carry a broad range of weapons and
explosives
• Unless external may not know if
weapons are on board
• Primary effort in a fire
– Quick knockdown of fire
– Cooling of munitions
(Continued)
83. ARFF
4–83
Military Weapons and Weapon
Systems
• In a fire, weapon or explosive may
detonate within 45 seconds to 4 or 5
minutes
(Continued)
84. ARFF
4–84
Military Weapons and Weapon
Systems
• WARNING! Do not attempt to fight a
fire in which a weapon is involved if it is
not possible to extinguish the fire
quickly. Because of the likelihood of
detonation, all firefighters should
withdraw at least 2,000 feet (600 m). If
a rescue is in progress, continue to
apply water in copious amounts until
rescue is complete.
85. ARFF
4–85
Types of Weapons on Military
Aircraft
• High explosive
(HE)
• Ammunition
• Rockets and
missiles
• Gravity bombs
• Nuclear weapons
Courtesy of SrA Sean Sides (USAF),
Defense Visual Information Center
(DVIC).
86. ARFF
4–86
Terrorist Incidents
• Airports are prime targets for terrorist
acts involving CBRNE weapons of
mass destruction
• Need to be trained and prepared to
respond
87. ARFF
4–87
Indications of Terrorist Incident
• Explosions that disperse liquids, mists,
vapors, or gas
• Explosions that only destroy a package
or bomb device
• Unscheduled and unusual
dissemination of aerosol sprays
(Continued)
88. ARFF
4–88
Indications of Terrorist Incident
• Abandoned spray devices or
unexplained odors
• Mass casualties without obvious cause
or trauma
(Continued)
89. ARFF
4–89
Indications of Terrorist Incident
• Definite pattern of casualties and
common symptoms
• Civilian panic in a high-profile target
area
90. ARFF
4–90
Signs and Symptoms of Agents
• Nuclear and biological agents —
appear hours to days after incident
• Chemical agents — rapid onset of
symptoms in minutes or hours; easily
observed indicators
93. ARFF
4–93
Summary
• To be able to perform their jobs safely,
airport firefighters should be trained in
the types and uses of personal
protective equipment.
(Continued)
94. ARFF
4–94
Summary
• Firefighters should be thoroughly
familiar with firefighter safety while at
the fire station, responding to, and at
the scene of an emergency.
(Continued)
95. ARFF
4–95
Summary
• ARFF personnel should be well versed
in the general hazards associated with
ARFF and the specific hazards aircraft
pose to the airport firefighters.
(Continued)
96. ARFF
4–96
Summary
• ARFF personnel should have working
knowledge of military aircraft hazards.
Finally, airport firefighters should be
able to identify and respond to terrorist
incidents.
97. ARFF
4–97
Review Questions
1. When does wicking occur?
2. Who should be allowed into the
hot zone?
3. When should critical incident
stress debriefing (CISD) begin?
4. How might the instability of
wreckage affect normally ordinary
tasks?
(Continued)
98. ARFF
4–98
Review Questions
5. When is it acceptable to
approach a helicopter from the rear?
6. What is the purpose of a
ballistic recovery system (BRS)?
7. What are unit load devices?
(Continued)
99. ARFF
4–99
Review Questions
8. What is the first responsibility of
units responding to dangerous goods
incidents?
9. How do flares work on military
aircraft as countermeasures to heat
seeking missiles?
10. What are explosive squibs?