The document provides an overview of the periodic table and classification of elements and matter. It discusses how elements are classified based on their properties, including metals and nonmetals. Key periodic patterns are described, such as how the chemical behavior of elements is determined by their electron configuration. The periodic law is explained, as well as the development of the modern periodic table with periods and families.
Periodic Classification of Elements and PeriodicityNEHANEHA67
PPT will cover all the history of periodic table and periodic properties of elements and their trends as well as Oxides, Halides, Hydrides and Position of Hydrogen
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is about the historical perspectives of the discovery of atoms and subatomic particles. The later part of the presentation describes various atomic models and the properties of subatomic particles with a description of commonly used terms like molecules, ions and compounds.
Periodic Classification of Elements and PeriodicityNEHANEHA67
PPT will cover all the history of periodic table and periodic properties of elements and their trends as well as Oxides, Halides, Hydrides and Position of Hydrogen
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is about the historical perspectives of the discovery of atoms and subatomic particles. The later part of the presentation describes various atomic models and the properties of subatomic particles with a description of commonly used terms like molecules, ions and compounds.
CH1000
Fundament
als of
Chemistry
Module 1 – Chapter 3
Elements and Atoms
• What is an element?
• An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical
means into a simpler substance.
• Elements are the building blocks of matter.
• Elements can occur naturally or be synthesized in labs.
• The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties and chemical
behavior is called an atom.
• Atoms are made up of subatomic particles, but they do not have the properties of the
element
Elements
•Ten elements make up
almost 99 % of the mass of
the Earth’s crust, seawater
and atmosphere.
•Oxygen accounts for about
20 % of the atmosphere
and is found in nearly all
rocks, sand and soil.
Symbols
of the
Elements
•Each element has an
abbreviation called a symbol.
•The first letter of a symbol
must always be capitalized.
•If a second letter is needed, it
should be lowercase.
Introduction to
the Periodic Table
•Elements with similar
chemical properties are placed
in columns called groups.
•Four groups have special
identifying names, like Noble
Gases, in group 8A, which are
all unreactive gases.
Introduction to
the Periodic
Table
•The eight tall columns are called representative elements, or main group
elements. These are shown in red.
•The elements in the center are called the transition metals, or sometimes
the “inner transition metals.” These are shown in purple.
Introduction to the Periodic
Table
•Elements can be further classified
as metals, metalloids and
nonmetals.
•Notice the bold, black “staircase”
on the table. Everything to the left
of the staircase is a metal and
everything to the right of the
staircase is a non metal.
• The exception is Hydrogen,
which is why some periodic
tables will show hydrogen
disconnected from the main
body of the table.
•The elements in grey touching the
“staircase” are called metalloids, or
semiconductor metals. These metals
are used in the semiconductor
industry.
Metals,
Nonmetal
s and
Metalloids
• Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
• Shiny
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Malleable (can be shaped)
• Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
• Most metals have a high melting point and density
Metals
• Not shiny
• Have fairly low melting points and densities
• Are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Non
Metals
• Metalloids have properties between metals and
nonmetals.
• These elements are positioned diagonally on the Periodic
Table separating the metals and nonmetals.
Metalloid
s
Diatomic Elements
•Diatomic molecules
contain exactly two atoms
•Seven elements exist as
diatomic molecules and are
shown in the table to the
left
•Diatomic elements can be
separated.
Compounds
•A compound is a substance
containing two or more
elements that are chemically
combined in a definite
proportion by mass
•Compounds, unlike elements,
can be decomposed chemically
into simpler substances
...
Periodic Classification Of Elements Class 10thNehaRohtagi1
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Periodic Classification Of Elements'.
For Class:- 10th
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'.
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Please give feedbacks and suggestions to get presentations on more interesting topics.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter.
Chemistry is also called the science of atoms and molecules.
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Nursing
Nursing is a profession within the healthcare sector focused on the care of individuals, families and communities so they may attain, maintain or recover optimal health and quality of life.
Nurses may be differentiated from the other healthcare providers by their approach to patient care, training and scope of practice.
Chemistry in nursing is very important, as it sets the basis for understanding the medications that are being administered to certain patients
Nurses must understand how particular medicines will react in different patients. This helps to avoid wrong combinations of drugs that can lead to adverse effects.
Nursing programs feature different chemistry courses, including biochemistry, pharmacology, general level chemistry and organic chemistry. All of these courses play an important role in helping nurses understand different organic compounds, chemical equations, chemical reactions and chemical processes.
Therefore, chemistry knowledge allows nurses to understand the effects of different medicines when used alone or in combination with others.
The nurse must understand the present condition of the patient, importance and difference in sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, oxygen and many other elements and electrolytes in the body. This understanding will guide the nurse to identify if there is an electrolyte imbalance.
Thus, it is vital for nurses to have the skills to take care of their patients emotionally, but it is also important that the nurse have the necessary knowledge to interpret data regarding the patient condition to treat physically accurately and in a timely manner.
The term matter refers to anything that occupies space and has mass. All matter is made up of substances called elements, which have specific chemical and physical properties and cannot be broken down into other substances through ordinary chemical reactions.
There are two ways of classifying the matter:
(A) Physical Classification
Matter can exist in three physical states:
Solids
Liquids
Gases.
(B) Chemical classification
Based upon the composition, matter can be divided into two main types:
Pure Substances
Mixtures.
1. Solids
The solid state is one of the fundamental states of matter.
Solids differ from liquids and gases by the characteristic of rigidity.
The molecules of solids are tightly packed because of strong intermolecular forces; they only oscillate about their mean positions.
Whereas, liquids and gases possess the property of fluidity and can easily flow.
Solids can be defined as the state of matter which has definite shape and volume and has a rigid structure.
Solids possess the least compressibility and thermal expansion.Example: Iron (Fe)
2. Liquid
The molecules in a liquid are
Chapter - 5, Periodic Classification of Elements, Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter-5, Periodic Classification of Elements, Science Class10
CLASSIFICATION
DOBEREINER’S TRIAD
LIMITATIONS
NEWLAND’S LAW OF OCTAVES
CHARACTERISTICS OF LAW OF OCTAVES
LIMITATIONS OF NEWLANDS LAW OF OCTAVES
MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE
PROPERTIES OF GROUPS STUDIED BY MENDELEEV
LIMITATIONS OF MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE
MERITS OF MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION
MODERN PERIODIC LAW
PROPERTIES OF MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
NOBLE GASES
POSITION OF ELEMENTS IN THE MODERN PERIODIC -TABLE
METALS
NON-METALS
METALLOIDS
TRENDS IN MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur & Teacher)
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. • Classification is arranging items into groups
or categories according to some criteria.
• The act of classifying creates a pattern that
helps you recognize and understand the
behavior of fish, chemicals, or any matter in
your surroundings.
3. • These fish, for
example, are
classified as
salmon because
they live in the
northern Pacific
Ocean, have
pinkish colored
flesh, and
characteristically
swim from salt to
fresh water to
spawn.
5. • Matter is usually defined as anything that has mass
and occupies space.
• Metals and Nonmetals
– A metal had the following properties.
• Metallic luster
• High heat and electrical conductivity.
• Malleability, able to be rolled or pounded into a thin sheet.
• Ductile, can be pulled into a wire.
6. – A nonmetal has the following properties
• No metallic luster
• Poor conductor of heat and electricity.
• When it is a solid it is brittle so it cannot be pounded
or pulled into a wire.
7. • Most matter can be classified
as metals or nonmetals
according to physical
properties. Aluminum, for
example, is a lightweight kind
of matter that can be melted
and rolled into a thin sheet or
pulled into a wire. Here you
see aluminum pop cans that
have been compressed
into1,600 lb bales for
recycling, destined to again be
formed into new pop cans,
aluminum foil, or perhaps
aluminum wire.
8. • Solids, Liquids, and Gases
– Gases have no defined shape or defined volume
• Low density
– Liquids flow and can be poured from one container to
another
• Indefinite shape and takes on the shape of the container.
– Solids have a definite volume
• Have a definite shape.
9. • (A)A gas dispenses throughout a container, taking the shape
and volume of the container. (B) A liquid takes the shape of
the container but retains its own volume. (C) A solid retains
its own shape and volume.
10. • Mixtures and Pure Substances
– A mixture has unlike parts and a composition that varies
from sample to sample
– A heterogeneous mixture has physically distinct parts
with different properties.
– A homogeneous mixture is the same throughout the
sample
– Pure substances are substances with a fixed composition
12. – A physical change is a change that does not alter the
identity of the matter.
– A chemical change is a change that does alter the
identity of the matter.
– A compound is a pure substance that can be decomposed
by a chemical change into simpler substances with a
fixed mass ratio
– An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken
down into anything simpler by either physical or
chemical means.
13. • Sugar (A) is a compound that can be easily
decomposed to simpler substances by heating. (B)
One of the simpler substances is the black element
carbon, which cannot be further decomposed by
chemical or physical means.
15. • Reconsidering the Fire Element
– The phlogiston theory viewed phlogiston as a
component of all matter.
– The burning of a material was considered to be the
escaping of phlogiston from the matter.
– If a material did not burn, it was considered to contain no
phlogiston.
16. • The phlogiston theory.
(A) In this theory,
burning was considered
to be the escape of
phlogiston into the air.
(B) Smelting combined
phlogiston-poor ore with
phlogiston from a fire to
make a metal. (C) Metal
rusting was considered to
be the slow escape of
phlogiston from a metal
into the air.
17. • Discovery of Modern Elements
– Antoine Lavoisier suggested that burning was actually a
chemical combination with oxygen.
– Lavoisier realized that there needed to be a new concept
of elements, compounds, and chemical change.
– We now know that there are 89 naturally-occurring
elements and at least 23 short-lived and artificially
prepared.
18. • Priestley produced a gas (oxygen) by using sunlight to heat
mercuric oxide kept in a closed container. The oxygen
forced some of the mercury out of the jar as it was
produced, increasing the volume about five times.
19. • Lavoisier heated a measured amount of mercury to
form the red oxide of mercury. He measured the
amount of oxygen removed from the jar and the
amount of red oxide formed. When the reaction was
reversed, he found the original amounts of mercury
and oxygen.
20. • The number of known elements increased as new
chemical and analytical techniques were developed.
21. • Names of Elements
– The first 103 elements have internationally accepted
names, which are derived from:
• The compound or substance in which the element was
discovered
• An unusual or identifying property of the element
• Places, cities, and countries
• Famous scientists
• Greek mythology
• Astronomical objects.
22. • Here are some of the symbols Dalton used for atoms
of elements and molecules of compounds. He
probably used a circle for each because, like the
ancient Greeks, he thought of atoms as tiny, round
hard spheres.
23. • The elements of aluminum, Iron, Oxygen, and Silicon make
up about 88 percent of the earth's solid surface. Water on
the surface and in the air as clouds and fog is made up of
hydrogen and oxygen. The air is 99 percent nitrogen and
oxygen. Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon make up 97 percent
of a person. Thus almost everything you see in this picture
us made up of just six elements.
24. – Chemical Symbols
• There are about a dozen common elements that have s
single capitalized letter for their symbol
• The rest, that have permanent names have two letters.
–the first is capitalized and the second is lower case.
• Some elements have symbols from their Latin names.
• Ten of the elements have symbols from their Latin or
German names.
25. – Symbols and Atomic Structure
• A molecule is a particle that is composed of two or
more atoms held together by a chemical bond.
• Isotopes are atoms of an element with identical
chemical properties, but different masses due to a
difference in the number of neutrons.
• The atomic mass of an element is the average of all
the atomic masses of the isotopes.
–an isotopes contribution is determined by its
relative abundance.
26. • Using information from the fixed mass ratios of
combining elements, Dalton was able to calculate
the relative atomic masses of some of the elements.
Many of his findings were wrong, as you can see
from this sample of his table.
27. • The mass of an element is the mass of the element
compared to an isotope of carbon Carbon 12.
–Carbon 12 is assigned an atomic mass of 12.00 g.
–12.00 is one atomic mass unit
• The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its
mass number.
• Atomic numbers are whole numbers
• Mass numbers are whole numbers
• The atomic mass is not a whole number.
28. • A schematic of a mass spectrometer. The atoms of a sample
of gas become positive ions after being bombarded by a
beam of electrons. The ions are deflected into a curved path
by a magnetic field, which separates them according to their
charged-to-mass ratio. Less massive ions are deflected the
most, so the device identifies different groups of particles
with different masses.
29. • A mass spectrum of chlorine from a mass
spectrometer. Note that that two separate masses of
chlorine atoms are present, and their abundance can
be measured from the signal intensity. The greater
the signal intensity, the more abundant the isotope.
31. • Dmitri Medeleev gave us a functional scheme with
which to classify elements.
– Mendeleev’s scheme was based on chemical properties
of the elements.
– It was noticed that the chemical properties of elements
increased in a periodic manner.
– The periodicity of the elements was demonstrated by
Medeleev when he used the table to predict to occurrence
and chemical properties of elements which had not yet
been discovered.
32. • Mendeleev left blank
spaces in his table when
the properties of the
elements above and
below did not seem to
match. The existence of
unknown elements was
predicted by Mendeleev
on the basis of the blank
spaces. When the
unknown elements were
discovered, it was found
that Mendeleev had
closely predicted the
properties of the elements
as well as their discovery.
33. • The Periodic Law
– Similar physical and chemical properties recur
periodically when the elements are listed in order of
increasing atomic number.
35. • Introduction
– The periodic table is made up of rows of elements and
columns.
– An element is identified by its chemical symbol.
– The number above the symbol is the atomic number
– The number below the symbol is the rounded atomic
weight of the element.
– A row is called a period
– A column is called a family
36. • (A) Periods of the periodic table, and (B) families of
the periodic table.
37. • Periodic Patterns
– The chemical behavior of elements is determined by its
electron configuration
– Energy levels are quantized so roughly correspond to
layers of electrons around the nucleus.
– A shell is all the electrons with the same value of n.
• n is a row in the periodic table.
– Each period begins with a new outer electron shell
38. – Each period ends with a completely filled outer shell that
has the maximum number of electrons for that shell.
– The number identifying the A families identifies the
number of electrons in the outer shell, except helium
– The outer shell electrons are responsible for chemical
reactions.
– Group A elements are called representative elements
– Group B elements are called transition elements.
39. • Chemical Families
– IA are called alkali metals because the react with water
to from an alkaline solution
– Group IIA are called the alkali earth metals because
they are reactive, but not as reactive as Group IA.
• They are also soft metals like Earth.
– Group VIIA are the halogens
• These need only one electron to fill their outer shell
• They are very reactive.
– Group VIIIA are the noble gases as they have
completely filled outer shells
• They are almost non reactive.
40. • Four chemical families of the
periodic table: the alkali metals
(IA), the alkaline earth metals
(IIA), halogens (VII), and the
noble gases (VIIIA).
41. • Metals, Nonmetals, and Semiconductors
– Chemical behavior is determined by the outer electrons.
• These are called valence electrons
– These outer shell electrons are represented using electron
dot diagrams.
– The noble gases have completely filled outer shells and
are therefore stable.
• All other elements react so as to fill their outer shell and
become more stable.
42. • Electron dot notation for the representative
elements.
43. – When an atom or molecule gain or loses an electron it
becomes an ion.
• A cation has lost an electron and therefore has a
positive charge
• An anion has gained an electron and therefore has a
negative charge.
44. – Elements with 1, 2, or 3 electrons in their outer shell tend
to lose electrons to fill their outer shell and become
cations.
• These are the metals which always tend to lose electrons.
– Elements with 5 to 7 electrons in their outer shell tend to
gain electrons to fill their outer shell and become anions.
• These are the nonmetals which always tend to gain electrons.
– Semiconductors (metalloids) occur at the dividing line
between metals and nonmetals.
45. • The location of metals, nonmetals, and
semiconductors in the periodic table.
46. • (A) Metals lose their outer electrons to acquire a
noble gas structure and become positive ions. (B)
Nonmetals gain electrons to acquire an outer noble
gas structure and become negative ions.