This document provides an overview of immigration to the United States throughout history. It discusses several key points:
1) Immigration has been driven by push and pull factors and has occurred in waves, with the largest sources of immigrants changing over time from Northern and Western Europe to Latin America and Asia.
2) Attitudes toward immigrants have fluctuated from acceptance to restriction based on fears around job competition and xenophobia, with discriminatory policies enacted against specific ethnic groups like the Chinese and Japanese.
3) Today, about 12% of the US population is foreign-born, primarily from Latin America, though debates continue around topics like illegal immigration, economic impacts, and the challenges faced by women immigrants.
This document discusses legal and illegal immigration statistics in the United States. It provides data on legal immigration such as over 990,000 people receiving green cards in 2013, with the largest groups coming from Mexico, China, India, and the Philippines. For illegal immigration, it estimates 11.4 million unauthorized immigrants reside in the US as of 2012, mostly from Mexico. It also outlines President Obama's executive order to allow temporary status for some illegal immigrants and Donald Trump's stricter immigration plan.
The document summarizes the key positions and viewpoints of Republican presidential candidates on important issues like social security, national security, immigration, healthcare, and the budget. The candidates generally support privatizing or restructuring social security, continuing military efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, tightening border security and restricting immigration, repealing the Affordable Care Act, and reducing taxes and government spending to balance the budget. Their stances reflect divisions between social and economic conservatives within the party.
The document summarizes perspectives on immigration from various groups. It provides statistics on legal and illegal immigration in the US and California. It also outlines the positions of companies like Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard who support expanding visa programs to address skilled labor needs. Presidential candidates' stances on immigration and border security are also presented. General public opinion polls show mixed views but overall support for a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants.
Costa Rica has a collectivistic and highly feminist society with strong social welfare programs. It has transitioned to a service and tourism-based economy from agriculture and focuses on environmental sustainability and renewable energy. Exports have grown significantly since the 1960s through trade agreements and foreign investment in sectors like medical devices and agriculture. The population is well-educated and urbanized with strong social values around environmental protection, education, and gender equality.
The document discusses several myths and facts related to undocumented immigration to the United States. It notes that undocumented immigrants are not criminals for being in the country without documentation, and provides statistics on the undocumented immigrant population in the US. It also discusses the economic impacts of immigration and costs associated with immigration enforcement policies.
FMO has adopted the definition of ‘forced migration’ promoted by the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) which describes it as ‘a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.’ FMO views forced migration as a complex, wide-ranging and pervasive set of phenomena. The study of forced migration is multidisciplinary, international, and multisectoral, incorporating academic, practitioner, agency and local perspectives. FMO focuses on three separate, although sometimes simultaneous and inter-related, types of forced migration. These three types are categorized according to their causal factors: conflict, development policies and projects, and disasters.
This document discusses human rights and war victims. It begins by introducing that war and human rights are inherently in conflict, though there are international laws intended to protect rights during wartime. It then defines human rights and describes who can be considered war victims, primarily civilians. The main body examines how various human rights are regularly violated during wartime, such as the rights to life and freedom from torture. It also reviews international laws and organizations working to support war victims' rights.
This document discusses legal and illegal immigration statistics in the United States. It provides data on legal immigration such as over 990,000 people receiving green cards in 2013, with the largest groups coming from Mexico, China, India, and the Philippines. For illegal immigration, it estimates 11.4 million unauthorized immigrants reside in the US as of 2012, mostly from Mexico. It also outlines President Obama's executive order to allow temporary status for some illegal immigrants and Donald Trump's stricter immigration plan.
The document summarizes the key positions and viewpoints of Republican presidential candidates on important issues like social security, national security, immigration, healthcare, and the budget. The candidates generally support privatizing or restructuring social security, continuing military efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, tightening border security and restricting immigration, repealing the Affordable Care Act, and reducing taxes and government spending to balance the budget. Their stances reflect divisions between social and economic conservatives within the party.
The document summarizes perspectives on immigration from various groups. It provides statistics on legal and illegal immigration in the US and California. It also outlines the positions of companies like Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard who support expanding visa programs to address skilled labor needs. Presidential candidates' stances on immigration and border security are also presented. General public opinion polls show mixed views but overall support for a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants.
Costa Rica has a collectivistic and highly feminist society with strong social welfare programs. It has transitioned to a service and tourism-based economy from agriculture and focuses on environmental sustainability and renewable energy. Exports have grown significantly since the 1960s through trade agreements and foreign investment in sectors like medical devices and agriculture. The population is well-educated and urbanized with strong social values around environmental protection, education, and gender equality.
The document discusses several myths and facts related to undocumented immigration to the United States. It notes that undocumented immigrants are not criminals for being in the country without documentation, and provides statistics on the undocumented immigrant population in the US. It also discusses the economic impacts of immigration and costs associated with immigration enforcement policies.
FMO has adopted the definition of ‘forced migration’ promoted by the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) which describes it as ‘a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.’ FMO views forced migration as a complex, wide-ranging and pervasive set of phenomena. The study of forced migration is multidisciplinary, international, and multisectoral, incorporating academic, practitioner, agency and local perspectives. FMO focuses on three separate, although sometimes simultaneous and inter-related, types of forced migration. These three types are categorized according to their causal factors: conflict, development policies and projects, and disasters.
This document discusses human rights and war victims. It begins by introducing that war and human rights are inherently in conflict, though there are international laws intended to protect rights during wartime. It then defines human rights and describes who can be considered war victims, primarily civilians. The main body examines how various human rights are regularly violated during wartime, such as the rights to life and freedom from torture. It also reviews international laws and organizations working to support war victims' rights.
This document provides information about citizenship and world citizenship. It begins by defining citizenship as membership in a community that governs with associated privileges, freedoms, and duties. It then discusses how one becomes a citizen of a country through birth within borders, birth to citizen parents, or naturalization. The document contrasts citizens and subjects, with citizens owing allegiance to a nation and entitled to its protection. It defines world citizenship as everyone being a citizen of both their nation and the world. The document explains the importance of world citizenship for issues like world trade, peace, and human rights. It concludes by outlining the responsibilities of world citizens according to Scout values like respecting diversity and understanding other nations and citizens.
The document summarizes the history and objectives of the UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti known as MINUSTAH. It began in 2004 to provide security and stability after a coup. However, MINUSTAH is seen by some as meddling in Haitian politics and failing to address the root causes of issues. While it achieved some stability, human rights violations by troops were reported. A major earthquake in 2010 exacerbated Haiti's problems. There are calls for MINUSTAH to withdraw and for its budget to be reallocated to development needs identified by Haitians.
The UN established the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) in 2004 to stabilize the country following a rebellion that resulted in President Aristide's ousting. MINUSTAH was authorized to address issues like democracy and economic/social problems with an initial three month mandate. In 2010, MINUSTAH suffered significant losses when its headquarters collapsed in the Haitian earthquake, killing nearly 100 peacekeepers. However, its mandate has been extended to support Haiti's recovery and reconstruction efforts despite some controversies over its actions.
President Bill Clinton served from 1993-2001 and pursued a domestic policy of cutting federal spending while raising taxes on the rich. His attempt at healthcare reform failed to pass. The US experienced economic prosperity in the 1990s due to the computer industry's success and the "peace dividend" from the end of the Cold War. Clinton was impeached in his second term for lying under oath about an affair with a White House intern, but was acquitted by the Senate. In foreign policy, Clinton passed NAFTA and supported global trade agreements.
This document provides information on various political topics including:
- Types of political and economic systems (e.g. democracy, capitalism)
- Differences between Democrats and Republicans in the US in terms of ideology and policy positions on issues like taxes, healthcare, environment, and role of government
- Key US elections and electoral maps showing voting trends over time
- An overview of the Tea Party movement including its core beliefs
- Background on illegal and legal immigration statistics and debates around related policies
- Details on abortion laws and debates, gun control issues and debates, and same-sex marriage legislation
This document provides information on various political and economic systems including types of governments (e.g. democracy, monarchy), political parties in the US, the Tea Party movement, and core concepts (e.g. liberal, conservative). It also covers presidential election maps from 1960-2012 and controversial issues like immigration, gun control, abortion, the environment, and healthcare.
Powerpoint on immigration executive ordersCyrus Mehta
PLI - Immigration Executive Orders: What You and Your Clients Need to Know by Cyrus D. Mehta
http://www.pli.edu/Content/Seminar/Immigration_Executive_Orders_What_You_and/_/N-4kZ1z10blz?Ns=sort_date%7C0&ID=311599
Argentina has experienced considerable political instability over the last century, alternating between periods of democracy and military rule. Juan Peron rose to power in 1943 as a colonel and mobilized the working class, transforming Argentina's political landscape for decades. However, he was ousted in 1955 which began a period of economic and political chaos. Military governments intervened in the 1970s and 1980s before civilian democratic rule was restored in 1983, but hyperinflation and unrest plagued governments. Carlos Menem stabilized the economy in the 1990s through free market reforms before public dissatisfaction with corruption and unemployment led to political upheaval and the resignation of President Fernando de la Rua in 2001.
This document discusses forced migration using the examples of Rohingya refugees and Syrian refugees. It defines forced migration as migration caused by conflicts, persecution, disasters or development projects. The Rohingya crisis is discussed, explaining how Rohingya faced discrimination in Burma based on their ethnicity, language and religion, forcing hundreds of thousands to flee to Bangladesh and India. The Syrian refugee crisis is also summarized, outlining how the Syrian civil war since 2011 has displaced millions of Syrians internally and to neighboring countries like Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. In both cases, refugees face challenges in meeting basic needs and lack of protection in host countries.
Internal migration and the development nexus,the case of bangladeshZakiul Alam
Internal migration in Bangladesh has greatly impacted development. Rural-urban migration is a major driver of urban growth and demographic change. Migrants are predominantly young, low-income individuals from rural areas who move to cities for work. They face numerous challenges including lack of affordable housing, poor access to basic services, and health issues. While migration provides economic opportunities, policies are needed to maximize its benefits and protect migrants' rights.
The document discusses several causes and effects of terrorism. Terrorism can occur due to religious purposes, groups wanting political change, or a ruling power oppressing people. It causes deaths, economic problems, loss of tourism, and distrust in government. Governments try to prevent terrorism through security measures like screening at airports. However, terrorism sometimes targets innocent civilians rather than those truly in power. Overall, terrorism usually involves loss of life and economic damage rather than achieving political goals.
This document summarizes political developments in the United States from the 1870s to the 1890s. It discusses the rise of political machines led by city bosses who gained power by providing services to immigrant communities. Farmers faced economic hardship which led to the growth of the Populist movement calling for financial reforms to help farmers. The key political issue became the debate over the gold standard versus bimetallism and free silver coinage. The election of 1896 was a showdown on this issue, with William McKinley and the Republicans supporting the gold standard, facing off against William Jennings Bryan who campaigned on free silver coinage to help farmers and debtors.
The document discusses Australian policy on asylum seekers and mandatory detention. It outlines that Australian law requires the detention of all non-citizens without a valid visa, including asylum seekers who arrive without proper documentation. However, mandatory detention policies have been criticized for violating human rights and inflicting physical and mental health problems on detainees due to long detention periods. The document also examines different theories on refugee migration and the definition of refugees under international law.
No Transit: The Criminal Treatment of Transgender Asylum Seekers in the Unite...Robert Stribley
This document summarizes the criminal treatment of transgender asylum seekers in the United States. Under the Trump administration, asylum admissions have reached historic lows. Transgender asylum seekers face worse conditions in detention than other groups, with longer detention times, housing not according to their gender identity, and lack of healthcare. Stories are shared of transgender individuals who have died in custody due to lack of medical care. Advocates call for housing and treatment that respects transgender identities, speedy legal review, healthcare access, and accountability for those violating asylum laws.
The document summarizes key events surrounding the drafting of the US Constitution, including the economic difficulties following the Revolutionary War, Shays' Rebellion, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It describes the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, with delegates including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. The Virginia and New Jersey Plans were debated, with compromises including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
In the United States of America, women’s suffrage is the lawful right of women population for voting in the nation. The right had been established over the period of various decades, first across several localities and states, at times for a limited period of time, and then all across the nation in the year 1920. The demand for this legal right started gathering strength in the years of 1840s, when it emerged from the wide movement for rights of women (Kevin, 973).
The 18th Amendment prohibited alcohol in the United States from 1920 to 1933, known as the Prohibition era. It was ratified due to pressure from the temperance movement and concerns over alcohol-related problems. However, it ultimately led to increased crime and corruption as mobsters and gangsters smuggled and sold alcohol illegally. Bootlegging and underground speakeasies became widespread as people openly flouted the law. Prohibition was later repealed due to these issues and its general failure to achieve its goals of reducing crime and social problems.
Immigration patterns in the US have fluctuated over time due to changing government policies. Settlement has been uneven, concentrated in certain regions and cities, and the source of immigrants has shifted from Europeans to Latin Americans. Immigration policies have restricted some groups, like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, while family reunification and protecting US labor are goals of the 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act. Illegal immigration and its economic and social impacts remain controversial issues today.
This document discusses illegal immigration in the United States and the controversy around how to address it. It notes that around 12 million illegal immigrants currently live and work in the U.S. The document outlines two opposing views: one side believes illegal immigrants should not receive help or amnesty and be deported, while the other side argues amnesty is necessary and mass deportation is impractical. It concludes by noting immigration's impact on population growth and its importance as an election issue.
I do not actually have any legal or ethical obligations in this scenario. I am an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest.
This document provides information about citizenship and world citizenship. It begins by defining citizenship as membership in a community that governs with associated privileges, freedoms, and duties. It then discusses how one becomes a citizen of a country through birth within borders, birth to citizen parents, or naturalization. The document contrasts citizens and subjects, with citizens owing allegiance to a nation and entitled to its protection. It defines world citizenship as everyone being a citizen of both their nation and the world. The document explains the importance of world citizenship for issues like world trade, peace, and human rights. It concludes by outlining the responsibilities of world citizens according to Scout values like respecting diversity and understanding other nations and citizens.
The document summarizes the history and objectives of the UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti known as MINUSTAH. It began in 2004 to provide security and stability after a coup. However, MINUSTAH is seen by some as meddling in Haitian politics and failing to address the root causes of issues. While it achieved some stability, human rights violations by troops were reported. A major earthquake in 2010 exacerbated Haiti's problems. There are calls for MINUSTAH to withdraw and for its budget to be reallocated to development needs identified by Haitians.
The UN established the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) in 2004 to stabilize the country following a rebellion that resulted in President Aristide's ousting. MINUSTAH was authorized to address issues like democracy and economic/social problems with an initial three month mandate. In 2010, MINUSTAH suffered significant losses when its headquarters collapsed in the Haitian earthquake, killing nearly 100 peacekeepers. However, its mandate has been extended to support Haiti's recovery and reconstruction efforts despite some controversies over its actions.
President Bill Clinton served from 1993-2001 and pursued a domestic policy of cutting federal spending while raising taxes on the rich. His attempt at healthcare reform failed to pass. The US experienced economic prosperity in the 1990s due to the computer industry's success and the "peace dividend" from the end of the Cold War. Clinton was impeached in his second term for lying under oath about an affair with a White House intern, but was acquitted by the Senate. In foreign policy, Clinton passed NAFTA and supported global trade agreements.
This document provides information on various political topics including:
- Types of political and economic systems (e.g. democracy, capitalism)
- Differences between Democrats and Republicans in the US in terms of ideology and policy positions on issues like taxes, healthcare, environment, and role of government
- Key US elections and electoral maps showing voting trends over time
- An overview of the Tea Party movement including its core beliefs
- Background on illegal and legal immigration statistics and debates around related policies
- Details on abortion laws and debates, gun control issues and debates, and same-sex marriage legislation
This document provides information on various political and economic systems including types of governments (e.g. democracy, monarchy), political parties in the US, the Tea Party movement, and core concepts (e.g. liberal, conservative). It also covers presidential election maps from 1960-2012 and controversial issues like immigration, gun control, abortion, the environment, and healthcare.
Powerpoint on immigration executive ordersCyrus Mehta
PLI - Immigration Executive Orders: What You and Your Clients Need to Know by Cyrus D. Mehta
http://www.pli.edu/Content/Seminar/Immigration_Executive_Orders_What_You_and/_/N-4kZ1z10blz?Ns=sort_date%7C0&ID=311599
Argentina has experienced considerable political instability over the last century, alternating between periods of democracy and military rule. Juan Peron rose to power in 1943 as a colonel and mobilized the working class, transforming Argentina's political landscape for decades. However, he was ousted in 1955 which began a period of economic and political chaos. Military governments intervened in the 1970s and 1980s before civilian democratic rule was restored in 1983, but hyperinflation and unrest plagued governments. Carlos Menem stabilized the economy in the 1990s through free market reforms before public dissatisfaction with corruption and unemployment led to political upheaval and the resignation of President Fernando de la Rua in 2001.
This document discusses forced migration using the examples of Rohingya refugees and Syrian refugees. It defines forced migration as migration caused by conflicts, persecution, disasters or development projects. The Rohingya crisis is discussed, explaining how Rohingya faced discrimination in Burma based on their ethnicity, language and religion, forcing hundreds of thousands to flee to Bangladesh and India. The Syrian refugee crisis is also summarized, outlining how the Syrian civil war since 2011 has displaced millions of Syrians internally and to neighboring countries like Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. In both cases, refugees face challenges in meeting basic needs and lack of protection in host countries.
Internal migration and the development nexus,the case of bangladeshZakiul Alam
Internal migration in Bangladesh has greatly impacted development. Rural-urban migration is a major driver of urban growth and demographic change. Migrants are predominantly young, low-income individuals from rural areas who move to cities for work. They face numerous challenges including lack of affordable housing, poor access to basic services, and health issues. While migration provides economic opportunities, policies are needed to maximize its benefits and protect migrants' rights.
The document discusses several causes and effects of terrorism. Terrorism can occur due to religious purposes, groups wanting political change, or a ruling power oppressing people. It causes deaths, economic problems, loss of tourism, and distrust in government. Governments try to prevent terrorism through security measures like screening at airports. However, terrorism sometimes targets innocent civilians rather than those truly in power. Overall, terrorism usually involves loss of life and economic damage rather than achieving political goals.
This document summarizes political developments in the United States from the 1870s to the 1890s. It discusses the rise of political machines led by city bosses who gained power by providing services to immigrant communities. Farmers faced economic hardship which led to the growth of the Populist movement calling for financial reforms to help farmers. The key political issue became the debate over the gold standard versus bimetallism and free silver coinage. The election of 1896 was a showdown on this issue, with William McKinley and the Republicans supporting the gold standard, facing off against William Jennings Bryan who campaigned on free silver coinage to help farmers and debtors.
The document discusses Australian policy on asylum seekers and mandatory detention. It outlines that Australian law requires the detention of all non-citizens without a valid visa, including asylum seekers who arrive without proper documentation. However, mandatory detention policies have been criticized for violating human rights and inflicting physical and mental health problems on detainees due to long detention periods. The document also examines different theories on refugee migration and the definition of refugees under international law.
No Transit: The Criminal Treatment of Transgender Asylum Seekers in the Unite...Robert Stribley
This document summarizes the criminal treatment of transgender asylum seekers in the United States. Under the Trump administration, asylum admissions have reached historic lows. Transgender asylum seekers face worse conditions in detention than other groups, with longer detention times, housing not according to their gender identity, and lack of healthcare. Stories are shared of transgender individuals who have died in custody due to lack of medical care. Advocates call for housing and treatment that respects transgender identities, speedy legal review, healthcare access, and accountability for those violating asylum laws.
The document summarizes key events surrounding the drafting of the US Constitution, including the economic difficulties following the Revolutionary War, Shays' Rebellion, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. It describes the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, with delegates including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. The Virginia and New Jersey Plans were debated, with compromises including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
In the United States of America, women’s suffrage is the lawful right of women population for voting in the nation. The right had been established over the period of various decades, first across several localities and states, at times for a limited period of time, and then all across the nation in the year 1920. The demand for this legal right started gathering strength in the years of 1840s, when it emerged from the wide movement for rights of women (Kevin, 973).
The 18th Amendment prohibited alcohol in the United States from 1920 to 1933, known as the Prohibition era. It was ratified due to pressure from the temperance movement and concerns over alcohol-related problems. However, it ultimately led to increased crime and corruption as mobsters and gangsters smuggled and sold alcohol illegally. Bootlegging and underground speakeasies became widespread as people openly flouted the law. Prohibition was later repealed due to these issues and its general failure to achieve its goals of reducing crime and social problems.
Immigration patterns in the US have fluctuated over time due to changing government policies. Settlement has been uneven, concentrated in certain regions and cities, and the source of immigrants has shifted from Europeans to Latin Americans. Immigration policies have restricted some groups, like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, while family reunification and protecting US labor are goals of the 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act. Illegal immigration and its economic and social impacts remain controversial issues today.
This document discusses illegal immigration in the United States and the controversy around how to address it. It notes that around 12 million illegal immigrants currently live and work in the U.S. The document outlines two opposing views: one side believes illegal immigrants should not receive help or amnesty and be deported, while the other side argues amnesty is necessary and mass deportation is impractical. It concludes by noting immigration's impact on population growth and its importance as an election issue.
I do not actually have any legal or ethical obligations in this scenario. I am an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest.
Since the 1970s, Georgia has experienced significant social, economic, and political changes. The county unit system was replaced by a "one person, one vote" standard, increasing representation. Jimmy Carter was elected as the first Democratic president from Georgia in 1976. The rise of the two-party system altered Georgia's dominant single-party politics. Hosting the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta provided an enormous economic boost through new infrastructure and tourism. Immigration, especially from Latin America, has contributed greatly to Georgia's growing population and workforce.
This document provides an overview of migration analysis, including the major types and forms of migration as well as explanations for why migration occurs. It discusses international, internal, local, voluntary, and involuntary migration. It also examines selective migration patterns based on age, sex, and education. Another section explores the concept of "brain drain" and how skilled labor movements impact countries. Economic push-pull factors and labor mobility theories are presented to explain migration from an economic perspective. Behavioral factors like life stages are also cited as influences on migration decisions.
The document discusses the history of immigration and citizenship laws in the United States from the 18th century to present day. It notes that early laws only granted citizenship to "free white persons" and that various laws throughout American history placed restrictions on immigrants from Asia and Latin America. While some policies tried to encourage European immigration, others essentially banned immigration from China and criminalized Mexican migrant workers. The document argues that current policies under Biden have not meaningfully addressed the root causes of migration and have continued harsh enforcement approaches.
Fernanda Santos prepared this handout to accompany a presentation for journalists on "What's missing in border and immigration coverage" at APME's Phoenix NewsTrain on April 6-7, 2018. It includes tips from the team at Migratory Notes, a weekly newsletter highlighting exceptional immigration coverage. Santos is the Southwest Borderlands Initiative professor of practice at Arizona State University's Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. NewsTrain is a training initiative of Associated Press Media Editors (APME). More info: http://bit.ly/NewsTrain
This document summarizes key policies and events related to Mexican immigration to the United States from the early 20th century to recent years. It outlines increasing restrictions on immigration through U.S. laws from 1903 to 1924. It then examines Mexican immigration and migration patterns from 1900-1930, the Great Depression and mass deportations, and the Bracero program from 1942-1964. The document also discusses immigration reform and control acts of 1986 and 1996, as well as more recent changes including DACA.
English colonial rule in America followed policies of mercantilism that granted monopolies and imposed tariffs to benefit English industries, while prohibiting colonial exports and manufacturing. This system of control was relaxed under a policy of "salutary neglect", allowing the colonies more autonomy. However, the appointment of Governor Andros led to stricter enforcement of trade laws and suppression of colonial rights, angering the colonists. Further centralization under the Dominion of New England consolidated control and imposed the Church of England, causing the colonies to resent losing their traditional self-governance. These aggressive policies reversed the earlier neglect and inflamed colonial opposition that eventually led to the American Revolution.
English colonial rule in America followed policies of mercantilism that granted monopolies and imposed tariffs to benefit English industries, while prohibiting colonial exports and manufacturing. This system of control was relaxed under a policy of "salutary neglect", whereby the British avoided strict enforcement of laws in the colonies. However, the appointment of Governor Andros led colonists to resent the Crown's overbearing control as he suppressed colonial assemblies and enforced taxation. This resentment grew with the imposition of the Dominion of New England, which centralized authority over the colonies. The American colonists' opposition to these impositions on their autonomy ultimately led to the American Revolution and independence from Britain.
The document discusses the history of immigration to the United States from the colonial period to present day. It notes the various waves of immigrants and changes to immigration policy over time. It argues for comprehensive immigration reform, including providing a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants currently in the country.
This document discusses illegal immigration and border security. It covers several topics including the current situation of illegal immigration in the US, drug wars at the border, human trafficking, and gangs. It estimates there are around 7 million illegal immigrants currently living in the US. It also discusses efforts to curb drug trafficking and human smuggling across borders, and the roles of various government agencies in border enforcement and national security.
14. citizenship and equal justice and 17.elections and votingjtoma84
This document discusses citizenship and immigration in the United States. It describes the different classifications of aliens such as resident aliens, non-resident aliens, refugees, and illegal aliens. It then outlines the rights of aliens, including constitutional protections. The document proceeds to discuss the history of immigration laws and policies in the US from the 1800s to modern day, including the Chinese Exclusion Act and national quotas of the 1920s. It also covers the various paths to citizenship through birthright, naturalization, and the responsibilities of citizens.
This document discusses illegal immigration policy, outlining causes of illegal migration like poverty, education, and trade liberalization. It notes problems illegal immigrants face such as lack of access to services, slavery, death, and kidnapping. The economic impact is explored, including consumer demand, budgetary impacts, and wage impacts. Undocumented immigrants contribute to the economy and jobs while some studies find a small adverse wage impact for lower-skilled native workers.
The document discusses the history of immigration to the United States from 1607 to the present. It covers major periods and surges of immigration, changes to immigration policy over time, concerns with the current immigration system, and arguments for immigration reform including providing a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. The document concludes by recommending reforms such as allowing amnesty, requiring immigrants to register, improving humane treatment, and providing legal status or visas to immigrants who register and pay fines.
This document discusses different types of immigrants and integration policies. It defines economic migrants as being "pulled" to new countries for opportunities and describes immigrants as members of plural societies. The document then examines integration ideologies like pluralism, civic, assimilation, and ethnist approaches and provides examples. It also discusses factors that influence immigrant adaptation such as attitudes, discrimination, and social support systems.
1. Migration is defined as the movement of people between locations. It can be internal within a country or international across country borders.
2. The key causes of migration include economic, social, political, and environmental factors. Economic migration occurs to find work, while political migration happens to escape conflict or persecution.
3. Migration is influenced by "push" factors that encourage people to leave an area, and "pull" factors that attract people to a new location. Rural-urban migration in developing countries is often driven by lack of jobs and land in rural areas.
The slide is mainly related to the PESTLE analysis of America. It is useful in setting up of business. We are analyzing every aspect which can create an impact on the business.
This document discusses several issues related to illegal immigration, including:
1) Illegal immigration poses challenges to a nation's legal policies, culture, and sovereignty. If left unchecked, it could destabilize a country and erase its history and traditions.
2) Illegal immigration is a global problem, as people move across borders in search of better opportunities. Several European and Western nations face large immigrant populations that are changing their demographics and cultures.
3) California has experienced a large increase in illegal immigration and its Hispanic population is growing rapidly, changing the state's demographics and culture. If trends continue, Hispanics will become the majority in California.
4) There are reasonable arguments on both sides of the
The document discusses aggregate supply and how it relates to the price level and output in an economy. It defines aggregate supply as the relationship between the price level and the quantity of output firms are willing to supply. Aggregate supply depends on factors like resource prices, technology, and production incentives. Labor is a key resource, and the supply of labor depends on the size of the workforce and preferences for work versus leisure. The price level affects real wages, which impacts the quantity of labor supplied. The document also discusses short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves and how shocks can shift these curves, impacting price levels and output.
The document discusses the history and experiences of Jewish Americans. It notes that the United States has the second largest Jewish population in the world, around 5 million people. While anti-Semitism has existed, discrimination is less severe than in Europe where two-thirds of Jews were killed in the Holocaust between 1933-1945. Today, Jewish Americans continue traditions but also assimilate aspects of American culture, with identity expressed through religion, family, education, organizational involvement and support for Israel. Debates remain around maintaining Jewish identity and traditions while participating fully in American society.
1) Muslim and Arab Americans are diverse minority groups that overlap, but are distinct - Arabs are an ethnic group and Muslims define a religious group, so one cannot assume an Arab is necessarily Muslim.
2) Arab Americans have a population of up to 3 million with origins in various Middle Eastern countries, exhibiting diversity in arrival times, origins, and religious traditions.
3) Muslim Americans number over 3 million and are growing through immigration and conversion, with origins across Africa, Asia, and the Arab world. They strive to balance religious and cultural identities with their status as American residents.
The document summarizes the history and experiences of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans in the United States. It discusses how the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established citizenship for Mexican Americans but they still faced loss of land and lack of legal protections. Large-scale Mexican immigration was driven by economic factors on both sides of the border. Puerto Ricans became US citizens in 1917 but still face issues of unequal representation and economic dependence on the US. Both groups experience higher levels of poverty and unemployment than white Americans.
This document provides an overview of immigration to the United States throughout history. It discusses several key points:
1) Immigration has been driven by push and pull factors and has occurred in waves, with the largest sources of immigrants changing over time from Northern and Western Europe to Latin America and Asia.
2) Attitudes toward immigrants have fluctuated from acceptance to restriction based on fears around job competition and xenophobia, with discriminatory policies enacted against certain groups like the Chinese and Japanese.
3) Today, about 12% of the US population is foreign-born, primarily from Latin America, though debates continue around topics like illegal immigration, economic impacts, and the roles of women immigrants.
Nearly 32 million Hispanics in the US are of Mexican descent, and the majority worry about deportation. Latino identity encompasses terms like Hispanic, Latino, and country of origin, and preferences vary across generations and locations. The borderlands region shares cultural exchange between the US and Mexico due to immigration, trade, and media. Central and South Americans have diverse backgrounds but little shared identity beyond language, though they have increased US presence in recent decades.
The document summarizes the history and experiences of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans in the United States. It discusses how the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established citizenship for Mexican Americans but they still faced loss of land and lack of legal protections. Large-scale Mexican immigration was driven by economic factors on both sides of the border. Puerto Ricans became US citizens in 1917 but still face colonial status without full representation. Both groups experience higher poverty and unemployment than white Americans.
This document contains multiple choice questions about Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans. It asks about 19th century legislation prohibiting Chinese immigration, characteristics of Chinatowns, roles of women in Chinatowns, acculturation among Chinese American families, terminology for Japanese immigrants, a 1913 California land act impacting Japanese farmers, the president who ordered Japanese American internment in WWII, the order that led to internment, the group that received reparations in 1988, and comparisons of educational attainment and jobs between Japanese Americans and whites.
The document appears to be a chapter from a textbook about Asian American growth and diversity. It contains multiple choice questions about Asian American demographics, stereotypes, and experiences immigrating to the United States. Specifically, it asks about the "model minority" stereotype applied to Asian Americans, their portrayal as high-achieving minorities, and the implicit critique of other minorities in the model minority framework. It also contains questions about the experiences of specific ethnic groups like Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, and Hmong Americans.
This document discusses fiscal policy and its effects on the economy. It provides an overview of expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy tools and how governments can use changes in spending, taxes, and borrowing to stimulate or contract aggregate demand. The document also reviews the history of fiscal policy approaches, including the classical laissez-faire view, Keynesian policies developed during the Great Depression, and the use of automatic stabilizers to smooth economic fluctuations.
Ma ch 13 money and the financial system (1)Uconn Stamford
This document discusses the history and functions of money. It begins by explaining how barter systems worked and the origins of commodity money. Commodities like grains, salt, shells and metals were some of the earliest forms of money. The document then outlines the three main functions of money as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. It also discusses the ideal properties of money and gives examples. The document provides details on banking history and the development of paper money and fiat currency not backed by gold. It also describes the underground economy that developed in U.S. prisons using commodities like cigarettes and canned mackerel as currency.
This document discusses banking and the money supply. It begins by asking several questions about how banks create money and why banking is important. It then defines different money aggregates (M1 and M2) and describes what types of assets and liabilities are included in each measure. The document also discusses how banks work as financial intermediaries, taking in deposits and issuing loans, and how they aim to balance liquidity and profitability. It provides examples of bank balance sheets and reserve requirements. Overall, the document provides an overview of key concepts regarding how banks operate and influence the money supply.
This document contains review questions about the making of African Americans in white America. It asks multiple choice questions about topics like:
- The status of the children of early African indentured servants in colonial America.
- What slave codes referred to and how they defined the social position of slaves.
- How Christianity was used to stress obedience and damnation for slaves.
- Key events and movements in the history of slavery and civil rights like the Emancipation Proclamation and abolitionism.
- Court cases that upheld racial segregation and denied voting rights to African Americans.
- Apologies that the U.S. government has and has not issued for injustices.
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The document appears to be a chapter from a textbook about African Americans today that contains multiple choice review questions covering various topics. The questions address issues such as factors contributing to inadequate schooling for blacks, types of school segregation, barriers to black progress in higher education, causes of high unemployment among young blacks, salary disparities between black and white men in prestigious jobs, definitions of set-asides in government contracts, similarities between the rhythm-and-blues and rap music industries, characteristics of black family life, common family structures for two-parent black families, and findings about racial disparities in death penalty cases.
The document summarizes key population trends among the U.S. foreign-born population based on Census Bureau data. It finds that as of 2002, 32 million people (12% of the U.S. population) were foreign-born, with the largest numbers coming from Latin America. Over the past decade, the foreign-born population has grown significantly in many Southern and Western states. The American Community Survey provides annually updated data that allows for more detailed analysis of immigrant populations than previous data sources.
2. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn:: AA GGlloobbaall
PPhheennoommeennoonn
• Can be a result of Push and Pull factors
• CChhaaiinn MMiiggrraattiioonn
• RReeffeerrss ttoo aann iimmmmiiggrraanntt wwhhoo ssppoonnssoorrss sseevveerraall
ootthheerr iimmmmiiggrraannttss wwhhoo uuppoonn tthheeiirr aarrrriivvaall mmaayy
ssppoonnssoorr ssttiillll mmoorree
• Potent factor contributing to immigration globally
• Most important aspect is that the immigrant
anticipates knowing someone that can help in
adjustment
3. Patterns ooff IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn ttoo tthhee
UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess
• Three unmistakable patterns
• Number of immigrants has fluctuated
dramatically over time due to government
policy changes
• Settlement has not been uniform across the
country but centered in certain regions and
cities
• The source of immigrants has changed over
time
4. F Today’s Foorreeiiggnn--BBoorrnn PPooppuullaattiioonn
• About 12% are foreign born
• Six states account for 70% of total foreign
born population
• California, New York, Florida, Texas, New
Jersey, Illinois
• Approximately 32.5 million foreign born
people are from Latin America
• Primarily Central America and Mexico
• Europeans account for less than 6% foreign
born today
5. EEaarrllyy IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn
• In 1790 English immigrants were the
dominant group, numerically 60% of the
population, socially and politically
• 35% of all immigrants to US eventually
emigrated back to their home country
• Not all new arrivals were welcome
• XXeennoopphhoobbiiaa
• FFeeaarr ooff hhaattrreedd ooff ssttrraannggeerrss
• NNaattiivviissmm
• BBeelliieeffss aanndd ppoolliicciieess ffaavvoorriinngg nnaattiivvee--bboorrnn cciittiizzeennss oovveerr
iimmmmiiggrraannttss
6. TThhee AAnnttii--CChhiinneessee MMoovveemmeenntt
• Lured by discovery of gold and opening of job
opportunities in the West
• Railroad provided the greatest demand
• White settlers found Chinese customs and
religion difficult to understand
• SSiinnoopphhoobbeess
• PPeeooppllee wwiitthh aa ffeeaarr ooff aannyytthhiinngg aassssoocciiaatteedd wwiitthh
CChhiinnaa
• Fear of ““yyeellllooww ppeerriill””
• Threat they posed as laborers
7. • Though many arguments were voiced, racial
fears motivated the anti-Chinese movement
and race was the critical issue
• Conflict Theory
• Chinese were welcomed only when their labor
was necessary
• Restrictions were not applied evenly
• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
• Denied naturalization rights to Chinese in the US
• Decline in legal immigration
• Dramatically effected the structure of the Chinese
community and family
8. Restrictionist SSeennttiimmeenntt IInnccrreeaasseess
• The extension of restrictions from the anti-
Asian movement to European nationalities
• 1908 – TThhee GGeennttlleemmaann’’ss AAggrreeeemmeenntt was
signed
• Prodded by anti-Japanese feelings
• Japan agreed to halt further immigration to US
and US agreed end discrimination of Japanese
in US
• Immigration ended but anti-Japanese feelings
continued
9. • Two types of immigrants: old and new
• New immigrants were seen as a threat to
democracy and the American way of life
• 1917 Congressional Bill on immigration
• Included controversial literacy test
• Prohibited immigration from South Sea Islands
and other parts of Asia not already excluded
• Curiously, law that closed the door on non-
Anglo-Saxons yet permitted a waiver of the
test if the immigrants came because of racial
discrimination from their home governments
10. TThhee NNaattiioonnaall OOrriiggiinn SSyysstteemm
• NNaattiioonnaall OOrriiggiinnss ssyysstteemm 11992200--11992211 eessttaabblliisshheedd
qquuoottaass bbaasseedd oonn tthhee ppeerrcceenntt ooff eeaacchh ((NNaattiioonnaalliittyy))
eetthhnniicc ggrroouupp ffrroomm tthhee 11991100 cceennssuuss
• Drawn to block growing immigration from Southern
Europe, such as Greece and Italy
• TThhee NNaattiioonnaall OOrriiggiinn SSyysstteemm
• Favored Northern and Western European
immigrants over Southern and Eastern European
immigrants
• Quotas went unfilled and immigration dropped
• Backlog in other countries
• Shaped the ethnic landscape of America
11. IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn aanndd NNaattuurraalliizzaattiioonn
AAcctt ooff 11996655
• Primary goals of the act was to reunite families and
protect American labor market
• Also initiated restrictions on immigration from Latin
America
• NNaattuurraalliizzaattiioonn
• TThhee ccoonnffeerrrriinngg ooff cciittiizzeennsshhiipp oonn aa ppeerrssoonn aafftteerr bbiirrtthh
• Rules for naturalization
• 18 years of age
• Continuous resident for 5 years (3 years for spouses of
citizens)
• Good moral character (absence of criminal offenses)
• Ability to read and write ordinary English
• Pass a test in U.S. government and history
12. In 2000 and 2004,850,000 and 1,100,000 were legally
admitted annually for the following reasons:
• Citizen Family unification
• Spouses of citizens (11%)
• Children and adoptees (11%)
• Parents (8%)
• Other residents (10%)
• Spouses of legal residents (10%)
• Employment based (16%)
• Refugees/political asylum seekers (7%)
• Diversity (lottery among applicants from nations
historically sending few immigrants (5%)
• Other (6%)
14. • CCoonnfflliicctt TThheeoorryy
• Views brain drain as another symptom of the
unequal distribution of world resources
• By relying on foreign talent, US does not need
to take the steps necessary to encourage native
members of subordinate groups to enter
desirable fields of employment
15. • PPooppuullaattiioonn GGrroowwtthh
• US is continues to accept large numbers of
permanent immigrants
• Nation’s birth rate has decreased so consequently,
contribution of immigration is more significant
• Legal immigration accounts for about 45-60% of
nation’s growth
• To some, US is overpopulated
• SSiieerrrraa CClluubb took official position restricting
immigration, recognizing more people puts greater
strain on nation’s natural resources
• Patterns of uneven settlement in US expected to
increase so impact on population growth will be
felt more in certain areas
16. IIlllleeggaall IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn
• Control of illegal or undocumented immigrants
most bitterly debated aspect of US
immigration policy
• Exact number of undocumented or
unauthorized workers is subject to estimates
and disputes
• Illegal and even legal immigrants tied by the
public to almost every social problem in the
nation
• SSccaappeeggooaattss ffoorr uunneemmppllooyymmeenntt,, ““ddrruugg rruunnnneerrss”” &&
““tteerrrroorriissttss””
17. • Cost of policing borders and locating illegal
immigrants is sizable
• Immigration aanndd RReeffoorrmm AAcctt ooff 11998866 ((IIRRCCAA))
• Historic change in immigration policy
• Amnesty granted to 1.7 million illegal immigrants
who could document long term residency
• CCoonnfflliicctt TThheeoorryy
• Immigrants, primarily poor and Hispanic or Asian,
are being lodged at the bottom of the nation’s
social and economic hierarchies
18. • FFuunnccttiioonnaalliisstt TThheeoorryy
• Employers, by paying low wages, are able to
produce goods and services that are profitable for
industry and affordable to consumers
• Despite poor working conditions often experienced
by illegal immigrants, continue to come because it
is in their best economic interest
• IIlllleeggaall IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn RReeffoorrmm aanndd IImmmmiiggrraanntt
RReessppoonnssiibbiilliittyy AAcctt ooff 11999966
• Emphasized more effort to keep immigrants from
entering the country illegally
• No access to social security and welfare
19. Economic IImmppaacctt ooff IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn
• Much public and scholarly debate
• Most significant factor is whether a study
examines national impact of immigration or
only its effect on a local area
• Many hold stereotypical belief that immigrants
end up on welfare and cause increase in taxes
20. • RReemmiittttaanncceess ((MMiiggrraaddoollllaarrss))
• MMoonneeyy tthhaatt iimmmmiiggrraannttss rreettuurrnn ttoo tthheeiirr ccoouunnttrryy ooff
oorriiggiinn
• Widely recognized as critical to the survival to
millions of households worldwide
• States have sought legal redress because federal
government has not seriously considered granting
impact aid to heavily burdened states
• Paradoxical situation
• Strong economy and concerns about immigration
• Suggests other concerns
• Ethnic and racial tension more important in explaining
current attitudes toward immigration in US
21. Women aanndd IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn
• Men dominate much of labor migration
worldwide
• Diversified labor force in US and policies that
facilitate relatives coming
• US immigration has been fairly balanced
• Second-class status of women in society is
reflected in immigration
• 1907-1922
• Women who married immigrants who were not citizens
lost their US citizenship – did not apply to men
22. • Immigrant women face additional
challenges
• Responsibility of navigating the new society
when it comes to services for their family
• Males are more consumed with work leaving
adult women to navigate bureaucracies
• City services, schools, medical facilities, stores, and
markets
• Less likely to seek outside help for medical
care or issues of domestic violence
• More likely to be the liaison for the household
24. RReeffuuggeeeess
• PPeeooppllee lliivviinngg oouuttssiiddee tthheeiirr ccoouunnttrryy ooff
cciittiizzeennsshhiipp ffoorr ffeeaarr ooff ppoolliittiiccaall oorr rreelliiggiioouuss
ppeerrsseeccuuttiioonn
• Enough exist to populate an entire nation
• US makes the largest contribution of any
nation to worldwide assistance programs
• Resettles 70,000 refugees annually and
cumulatively hosted 1 million between 1990 and
2003
25. • Despite periodic public opposition, US
government is officially committed to
accepting refugees from other nations
• 1968 United Nations ttrreeaattyy oonn rreeffuuggeeeess
• CCoouunnttrriieess aarree oobblliiggeedd ttoo rreeffrraaiinn ffrroomm ffoorrcciibbllyy
rreettuurrnniinngg ppeeooppllee ttoo tteerrrriittoorriieess wwhheerree tthheeiirr lliivveess oorr
lliibbeerrttyy mmiigghhtt bbee eennddaannggeerreedd
• AAssyylleeeess
• FFoorreeiiggnneerrss wwhhoo hhaavvee aallrreeaaddyy eenntteerreedd tthhee UUSS aanndd
nnooww sseeeekk pprrootteeccttiioonn bbeeccaauussee ooff ppeerrsseeccuuttiioonn oorr aa
wweellll--ffoouunnddeedd ffeeaarr ooff ppeerrsseeccuuttiioonn bbaasseedd oonn rraaccee,,
rreelliiggiioonn,, nnaattiioonnaalliittyy,, ssoocciiaall ggrroouupp,, oorr ppoolliittiiccaall
ooppiinniioonn
27. • What are the functions and dysfunctions of
immigration?
28. • What were the social and economic issues
when public opinion mounted against
Chinese immigration into the United States?
29. • Ultimately, what do you think is the major
concern people have about contemporary
immigration to the United States, the
numbers of immigrants, their legal status, or
their nationality?