US History Classroom PowerPoint Lecture Series with Q and A points for discussion and further political and historical analysis.

1. AMERICA IN FLUXAMERICA IN FLUX
America: Past and PresentAmerica: Past and Present

2. Nation of Nations in a GlobalNation of Nations in a Global
CommunityCommunity
Preview:Preview: “A renewed wave of immigration in the last decades of the“A renewed wave of immigration in the last decades of the
century was only one way in which global ties increased both diversity in thecentury was only one way in which global ties increased both diversity in the
United States and the nation’s interdependence with the rest of the world. TheUnited States and the nation’s interdependence with the rest of the world. The
rise of the Internet signaled a revolution in global communications andrise of the Internet signaled a revolution in global communications and
commerce during the decade’s economic expansion.”commerce during the decade’s economic expansion.”
The Highlights:The Highlights:
• The New ImmigrationThe New Immigration
• The Clinton Presidency: ManagingThe Clinton Presidency: Managing
a New Global Ordera New Global Order
• The Clinton Presidency on TrialThe Clinton Presidency on Trial
• The United States in a Networked WorldThe United States in a Networked World
• Multiculturalism and ContestedMulticulturalism and Contested
American IdentityAmerican Identity
• Terrorism in a Global AgeTerrorism in a Global Age

3. The Changing AmericanThe Changing American
PopulationPopulation
• Migration South and WestMigration South and West
• Immigration from developing nationsImmigration from developing nations
1. How do immigrants from developing1. How do immigrants from developing
nations affect local culture?nations affect local culture?
2. How has American society changed2. How has American society changed
since 1970, as a result of peoplesince 1970, as a result of people
moving here and away from here?moving here and away from here?

4. A People on the MoveA People on the Move
• 1980--majority lives South and West1980--majority lives South and West
• climateclimate
• jobs in defense industryjobs in defense industry
• 1994--Texas second most populous1994--Texas second most populous
statestate
• Migration of elderly to the SunbeltMigration of elderly to the Sunbelt
increases region’s political cloutincreases region’s political clout
3. Why did a majority of people live South?3. Why did a majority of people live South?
4. How did this give more political power to4. How did this give more political power to
the South?the South?

5. Population Shifts, 1970-2000Population Shifts, 1970-2000

6. The Revival of ImmigrationThe Revival of Immigration
• Immigration and Naturalization ActImmigration and Naturalization Act ofof
1965 stimulates immigration1965 stimulates immigration
• 1970-2000--30 million legal immigrants1970-2000--30 million legal immigrants
• Latin AmericaLatin America
• AsiaAsia
• Late 1990s--Immigration restrictionsLate 1990s--Immigration restrictions
relaxedrelaxed
• Attacks of Sept. 11 prompt revision ofAttacks of Sept. 11 prompt revision of
immigration proceduresimmigration procedures

7. The Surging HispanicsThe Surging Hispanics
• 2002--Hispanics become the largest2002--Hispanics become the largest
ethnic groupethnic group
• Census Department identifies fourCensus Department identifies four
Hispanic categories: Mexican American,Hispanic categories: Mexican American,
Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and OtherPuerto Ricans, Cubans, and Other
• population spread out geographicallypopulation spread out geographically
• younger, poorer, less educatedyounger, poorer, less educated
• Growing political powerGrowing political power

8. The Surging Hispanics:The Surging Hispanics:
“Undocumented Aliens”“Undocumented Aliens”
• 1986--4 million in U.S., most from Mexico1986--4 million in U.S., most from Mexico
• 2008 – 11.6million2008 – 11.6million
• 2009 10.9 million2009 10.9 million
• Easily exploited by employersEasily exploited by employers
• Controversial in California ,Texas, ArizonaControversial in California ,Texas, Arizona
• Flow continues at up to 500,000 per yearFlow continues at up to 500,000 per year
• Concerns over illegal immigrants revives after Sept. 11 attacksConcerns over illegal immigrants revives after Sept. 11 attacks
• Global Pressures in aGlobal Pressures in a
Multicultural AmericaMulticultural America
• Proposition 187 (CA voted to deny illegal aliens education;Proposition 187 (CA voted to deny illegal aliens education;
health care, etc.); 1999 courts determine unconstitutionalhealth care, etc.); 1999 courts determine unconstitutional
• English as an official languageEnglish as an official language

9. • 2002--Blacks second largest ethnic minority2002--Blacks second largest ethnic minority
• Black middle class gains in business, educationBlack middle class gains in business, education
• Inner-city renewalInner-city renewal
• Persistent povertyPersistent poverty
• Supreme Court sends mixed signals on racialSupreme Court sends mixed signals on racial
quotasquotas
• Proposition 209Proposition 209
(NO affirmative action)(NO affirmative action)
• Hopwood v. TexasHopwood v. Texas (1996)(1996)
(successful challenge to affirmative action)(successful challenge to affirmative action)
5. How did Prop 209 and5. How did Prop 209 and
Hopwood v Texas effect the U.S.?Hopwood v Texas effect the U.S.?
Contested American IdentityContested American Identity
1998 Top 10 % TX ruling to circumvent Hopwood ; overturned 20031998 Top 10 % TX ruling to circumvent Hopwood ; overturned 2003

10. Multiculturalism & ContestedMulticulturalism & Contested
American IdentityAmerican Identity
• African Americans & the Persistence of the RacialAfrican Americans & the Persistence of the Racial
DivideDivide
• Rodney King & the 1992 Los Angeles race riotsRodney King & the 1992 Los Angeles race riots
• Complexity of the riotsComplexity of the riots
• The O.J. Simpson caseThe O.J. Simpson case
6. How did the media fuel6. How did the media fuel
public perceptionpublic perception
of racial conflict?of racial conflict?
LA fires during Rodney King Riots, 1992LA fires during Rodney King Riots, 1992

11. Americans from Asia and theAmericans from Asia and the
Middle EastMiddle East
• Asian-Americans fastest growing minority in the 1990sAsian-Americans fastest growing minority in the 1990s
• Recent origins: China, the Philippines, Japan, India, Korea, andRecent origins: China, the Philippines, Japan, India, Korea, and
VietnamVietnam
• Asian Americans well-educated, well-offAsian Americans well-educated, well-off
• Middle East American population also grew rapidly 1970-2000Middle East American population also grew rapidly 1970-2000
7. How does
media
reinforce
stereo types
of Asian
Americans?

12. The New ImmigrationThe New Immigration
What

14. • Religious DiversityReligious Diversity
• Buddhist, Hindu,Buddhist, Hindu,
and Islamic beliefsand Islamic beliefs
• Catholic ChurchesCatholic Churches
increasingly celebratedincreasingly celebrated
Mass in both EnglishMass in both English
and Spanishand Spanish
8. How has “The New8. How has “The New
Immigration” changedImmigration” changed
Religion in the U.S.?Religion in the U.S.?
The New ImmigrationThe New Immigration
Midwest Buddhist Temple, Chicago,
IL

15. Melting Pot or MultiethnicMelting Pot or Multiethnic
Diversity?Diversity?
• Melting pot ideal waningMelting pot ideal waning
• Metaphors of enduring differenceMetaphors of enduring difference
existing in harmony on the riseexisting in harmony on the rise
• Census Bureau’s ethnic categoriesCensus Bureau’s ethnic categories
incomplete and confusingincomplete and confusing
• added multiracial categories in 2000added multiracial categories in 2000
9. What is the difference between the9. What is the difference between the
““Melting PotMelting Pot” ideal and multi-ethnic” ideal and multi-ethnic
diversity? What do we really have?diversity? What do we really have?

16. The 1988 PresidentialThe 1988 Presidential
CampaignCampaign
Jesse Jackson is theJesse Jackson is the
First African AmericanFirst African American
Campaigning for presidentCampaigning for president
Mass. GovernorMass. Governor
Dukakis pickedDukakis picked
To run by DNCTo run by DNC

17. The 1988 PresidentialThe 1988 Presidential
ElectionElection
Bush v DukakisBush v Dukakis
10. Which states were the only ones that
Dukakis carried?

18. First Gulf WarFirst Gulf War
• TheThe Gulf WarGulf War (2 August(2 August
1990 – 28 February 1991)1990 – 28 February 1991)
Between Iraq and aBetween Iraq and a
coalition force of 30coalition force of 30
nations led by the Unitednations led by the United
States and “States and “mandated”mandated” byby
the United Nations in orderthe United Nations in order
to liberate Kuwait.to liberate Kuwait.
11. Under our Constitution,11. Under our Constitution,
are we required to followare we required to follow
such a mandate? Explainsuch a mandate? Explain

19. 1992 Presidential Election1992 Presidential Election

20. The Election of 1992The Election of 1992
• Bush’s weaknessesBush’s weaknesses
• increasing deficitincreasing deficit
• economic recessioneconomic recession
• Democrat Clinton runs on promise toDemocrat Clinton runs on promise to
revitalize economyrevitalize economy
• Independent Perot runs on promise toIndependent Perot runs on promise to
cut the deficitcut the deficit
12. What did Clinton promise to do that12. What did Clinton promise to do that
Bush had problems delivering?Bush had problems delivering?

21. 1992 Presidential Election:1992 Presidential Election:
Bush/Clinton/PerotBush/Clinton/Perot

22. 13. How many
more electoral
votes did Clinton
win than Bush?
14. Why do some
states have only 3
electoral votes and
others many more?

23. Economic RecoveryEconomic Recovery
• Clinton abandons campaignClinton abandons campaign
promisespromises
• no middle-class tax cutno middle-class tax cut
• no jobs program for the unemployedno jobs program for the unemployed
• Allies with Alan Greenspan toAllies with Alan Greenspan to
reduce deficitreduce deficit
15. What did Clinton promise to do15. What did Clinton promise to do
that voters were counting on?that voters were counting on?

24. President versus CongressPresident versus Congress
• 1993--Democrats split over NAFTA1993--Democrats split over NAFTA
• Clinton argues free trade would create jobsClinton argues free trade would create jobs
• labor fears cheap labor in Latin Americalabor fears cheap labor in Latin America

25. Globalism and “Free” TradeGlobalism and “Free” Trade
• Congress passes the North AmericanCongress passes the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
• US manufacturing lost over 800,000US manufacturing lost over 800,000
jobs in production plants as they movedjobs in production plants as they moved
to Mexico (automotive, appliances,to Mexico (automotive, appliances,
textiles).textiles).
• Negative environmental impactNegative environmental impact
• Canada also lost jobs.Canada also lost jobs.
16. How did NAFTA effect American16. How did NAFTA effect American
jobs?jobs?

26. NAFTA & GlobalismNAFTA & Globalism
17. What did Presidential candidate Ross Perot call
this “sound” of disappearing American jobs?

27. Contract with AmericaContract with America
• Republican “Contract with America”Republican “Contract with America”
shifted election from personalities toshifted election from personalities to
national ideologynational ideology
• Clinton scandals erode support forClinton scandals erode support for
DemocratsDemocrats
• 1994--Republicans win both houses of1994--Republicans win both houses of
CongressCongress
18. How did Republicans come back to18. How did Republicans come back to
win a majority in Congress, in 1994?win a majority in Congress, in 1994?

28. The Clinton ReboundThe Clinton Rebound
• Prosperity shores up Clinton’sProsperity shores up Clinton’s
popularitypopularity
• Clinton assuages human cost ofClinton assuages human cost of
prosperityprosperity
• criticizes corporations for downsizingcriticizes corporations for downsizing
• 1993--pushes Family and Medical Leave1993--pushes Family and Medical Leave
ActAct
• 1996--wins increase in minimum wage1996--wins increase in minimum wage

29. The Clinton Rebound:The Clinton Rebound:
Republican ErrorsRepublican Errors
• Republican Congress enacts only 4 minorRepublican Congress enacts only 4 minor
parts of Contract with Americaparts of Contract with America
• House Speaker Newt Gingrich provides aHouse Speaker Newt Gingrich provides a
foilfoil
• Clinton agrees in principle on balanced budgetClinton agrees in principle on balanced budget
• Clinton attacks GOP cuts in programsClinton attacks GOP cuts in programs
• GOP attempt to shut down federal governmentGOP attempt to shut down federal government
backfiresbackfires

30. The Clinton Rebound:The Clinton Rebound:
TriangulationTriangulation
• Clinton distances himself fromClinton distances himself from
conservative Republicans and liberalconservative Republicans and liberal
DemocratsDemocrats
• Clinton signs welfare reform bill to captureClinton signs welfare reform bill to capture
centercenter
• Clinton mounts television advertisingClinton mounts television advertising
campaign to attack Republican cutscampaign to attack Republican cuts
19. Politically, what does it mean to “capture19. Politically, what does it mean to “capture
the center” and why is it important?the center” and why is it important?

31. The Clinton Rebound:The Clinton Rebound:
ReelectionReelection
• Republican Bob Dole respected butRepublican Bob Dole respected but
ineffective candidateineffective candidate
• Clinton’s strategy for reelectionClinton’s strategy for reelection
• stress education, health care to win womenstress education, health care to win women
and minoritiesand minorities
• result: gender gap in Clinton’s favorresult: gender gap in Clinton’s favor
provides margin of victoryprovides margin of victory
20. How does Clinton manage to win20. How does Clinton manage to win
reelection, despite scandals?reelection, despite scandals?

32. 21. Where are most
of the Democratic
electoral votes
being cast in 1996?
22. Where are most
of the Republican
electoral votes
being cast?
23. How many more
electoral votes did
Clinton get than
Bob Dole?

33. The Public ViewThe Public View

34. Clinton and the WorldClinton and the World
• Clinton gives top priority to domesticClinton gives top priority to domestic
issuesissues
• Clinton emphasizes economics ratherClinton emphasizes economics rather
than geopolitics in world affairsthan geopolitics in world affairs
• Foreign policy drifts for Clinton as forForeign policy drifts for Clinton as for
BushBush

35. Global Tensions in the Post-ColdGlobal Tensions in the Post-Cold
War EraWar Era
• Supports Boris Yeltsin in RussiaSupports Boris Yeltsin in Russia
• Friendly relations with the rulers of ChinaFriendly relations with the rulers of China
• Search for Israeli-Palestinian compromiseSearch for Israeli-Palestinian compromise
• Twice orders cruise missile attacks onTwice orders cruise missile attacks on
IraqIraq
• Reliance on Persian Gulf oil increasedReliance on Persian Gulf oil increased
sharply by 2000sharply by 2000

36. The Public View: Intervening inThe Public View: Intervening in
SomaliaSomalia
• Somalia 1992-1994Somalia 1992-1994
• Clinton shifts fromClinton shifts from
“humanitarian” to vague“humanitarian” to vague
nation-building missionnation-building mission
• US Army’s “OperationUS Army’s “Operation
Restore Hope” respondedRestore Hope” responded
to feed hundreds ofto feed hundreds of
thousands of starvingthousands of starving
Somalis.Somalis.
October ‘93- U.S. 18 soldiers killed and dragged
through the streets by the very people they had
rescued from starvation.

37. The Public ViewThe Public View

38. Public View:Black Hawk DownPublic View:Black Hawk Down

39. Public ViewPublic View
• HaitiHaiti
• Clinton forcesClinton forces
Haitian militaryHaitian military
rulers to abdicaterulers to abdicate
• 1994--U.S. troops1994--U.S. troops
land unopposedland unopposed
• civilian leaderscivilian leaders
unable to restoreunable to restore
democracy,democracy,
economyeconomy

40. Halting Civil War in BosniaHalting Civil War in Bosnia
• Clinton pursues cautious policy earlyClinton pursues cautious policy early
• Summer 1995--Clinton orders air strikesSummer 1995--Clinton orders air strikes
on Serb forceson Serb forces
• October 1995--Dayton AccordOctober 1995--Dayton Accord
• cease-fire securedcease-fire secured
• accord divides Bosnia into Muslim-Croatian,accord divides Bosnia into Muslim-Croatian,
Serbian enclavesSerbian enclaves
Is there another reason the US is in Bosnia?Is there another reason the US is in Bosnia?

41. The Breakup of Yugoslavia/ CivilThe Breakup of Yugoslavia/ Civil
War in BosniaWar in Bosnia

42. Saving KosovoSaving Kosovo
• 1998--Serbs escalate “ethnic cleansing”1998--Serbs escalate “ethnic cleansing”
campaign against Albanians in Kosovocampaign against Albanians in Kosovo
• March, 1999--Clinton orders air strikesMarch, 1999--Clinton orders air strikes
against Serbian infrastructureagainst Serbian infrastructure
• May, 1999--60% of Serb electrical capacityMay, 1999--60% of Serb electrical capacity
destroyeddestroyed
• June 10, 1999--Serbs agree to evacuate allJune 10, 1999--Serbs agree to evacuate all
ground forces from Kosovoground forces from Kosovo

43. The End of the CenturyThe End of the Century
• Unparalleled burst of economic growthUnparalleled burst of economic growth
in the 1990sin the 1990s
• Violence from protest movements,Violence from protest movements,
senseless school shootingssenseless school shootings
• Deep flaws in American societyDeep flaws in American society
revealedrevealed

44. From Deficit to SurplusFrom Deficit to Surplus
• 1990s mark the longest sustained period of1990s mark the longest sustained period of
economic growth in American Historyeconomic growth in American History
• CausesCauses
• increased productivityincreased productivity
• increased consumptionincreased consumption
• Federal Reserve keeps inflation in checkFederal Reserve keeps inflation in check
• Federal budget transformed from deficit toFederal budget transformed from deficit to
surplussurplus
• Political parties divided on how to spendPolitical parties divided on how to spend
• Republicans argue for tax cutsRepublicans argue for tax cuts
• Democrats argue for shoring up federal programsDemocrats argue for shoring up federal programs

45. Violence in the 1990sViolence in the 1990s
• Ruby Ridge, Idaho, 1992--FederalRuby Ridge, Idaho, 1992--Federal
agents shoot and kill survivalist motheragents shoot and kill survivalist mother
and sonand son
• Waco, Texas, 1993--standoff at BranchWaco, Texas, 1993--standoff at Branch
Davidian compound ends in death of 75Davidian compound ends in death of 75
• Oklahoma City, 1995--Timothy McVeighOklahoma City, 1995--Timothy McVeigh
explodes truck bomb at Murrah federalexplodes truck bomb at Murrah federal
buildingbuilding

46. Violence in the 1990s: TheViolence in the 1990s: The
Far LeftFar Left
• 1996--the Unabomber, Theodore1996--the Unabomber, Theodore
Kaczynski captured in MontanaKaczynski captured in Montana
• 1999--Violent protest at World Trade1999--Violent protest at World Trade
Organization meeting in SeattleOrganization meeting in Seattle

47. Violence in the 1990s: SchoolViolence in the 1990s: School
ShootingsShootings
• 1997-1998 school year--four school shootings1997-1998 school year--four school shootings
from Mississippi to Oregonfrom Mississippi to Oregon
• 1998-1999 school year--Columbine High1998-1999 school year--Columbine High
School in Littleton, ColoradoSchool in Littleton, Colorado
• Understanding the tragediesUnderstanding the tragedies
• killers all white, middle classkillers all white, middle class
• all give ample warning of serious emotionalall give ample warning of serious emotional
problemsproblems
• shootings reveal deep flaws in family structure,shootings reveal deep flaws in family structure,
popular culturepopular culture

48. Shadow on the White HouseShadow on the White House
• The occasion—President involved in sexualThe occasion—President involved in sexual
relationship with intern Monica Lewinskirelationship with intern Monica Lewinski
• Disclosure of relationship prompts publicDisclosure of relationship prompts public
outcryoutcry
• Clinton initially maintains innocence before publicClinton initially maintains innocence before public
and grand juryand grand jury
• undeniable evidence exposes president’s falseundeniable evidence exposes president’s false
denialsdenials
• Special prosecutor reports 11 possibleSpecial prosecutor reports 11 possible
impeachment charges to Congressimpeachment charges to Congress

49. Shadow on the White House:Shadow on the White House:
ImpeachmentImpeachment
• Public sentiment against impeachmentPublic sentiment against impeachment
• Republicans press ahead withRepublicans press ahead with
impeachment proceedingsimpeachment proceedings
• The outcome:The outcome:
• 2/3 Senate vote required for impeachment;2/3 Senate vote required for impeachment;
Republicans unable to win simple majorityRepublicans unable to win simple majority
• Clinton’s presidency badly damagedClinton’s presidency badly damaged

50. • Women’s Issues in the NinetiesWomen’s Issues in the Nineties
• UAW v. Johnson ControlsUAW v. Johnson Controls (1991)(1991)
• Unanimous decision- can’t discriminate against women in workplace even inUnanimous decision- can’t discriminate against women in workplace even in
name of safety; battery factory – fertile women denied job opportunities, but notname of safety; battery factory – fertile women denied job opportunities, but not
fertile men.fertile men.
• Contrasting views of feminismContrasting views of feminism
• Clinton appointees – Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg, AttorneyClinton appointees – Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg, Attorney
General Janet Reno, Secretary of State Madeleine AlbrightGeneral Janet Reno, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright
• The Politics of SurplusThe Politics of Surplus
• Social Security crisisSocial Security crisis
• Defeat of nuclear test ban treatyDefeat of nuclear test ban treaty
The Clinton Presidency on TrialThe Clinton Presidency on Trial

51. The New MillenniumThe New Millennium
• 2000--fears of Y2K problem prompted2000--fears of Y2K problem prompted
great anxietygreat anxiety
• 2001--NASDAQ crash causes brief2001--NASDAQ crash causes brief
recessionrecession
• Terrorist attacks prompts debate overTerrorist attacks prompts debate over
domestic security and civil libertiesdomestic security and civil liberties

52. The Disputed Election of 2000The Disputed Election of 2000
• Dominant trends of election year 2000Dominant trends of election year 2000
• economic boom favors Democratseconomic boom favors Democrats
• disappointment with Clinton’s failings favorsdisappointment with Clinton’s failings favors
RepublicansRepublicans
• The CandidatesThe Candidates
• Republican George W. Bush calls for limitingRepublican George W. Bush calls for limiting
government and relying on the marketgovernment and relying on the market
• Democrat Al Gore calls for expanded federalDemocrat Al Gore calls for expanded federal
role in education and health carerole in education and health care

53. The Disputed Election of 2000 (2)The Disputed Election of 2000 (2)
• Extremely close race ends up hanging onExtremely close race ends up hanging on
disputed Florida votedisputed Florida vote
• Gore leads in popular vote (eventually 200,000)Gore leads in popular vote (eventually 200,000)
and Electoral College (267)and Electoral College (267)
• Florida’s 25 electoral votes would bring Bush totalFlorida’s 25 electoral votes would bring Bush total
to 271to 271
• Gore calls for recount of Florida voteGore calls for recount of Florida vote
• December 12, 2000--U.S. Supreme CourtDecember 12, 2000--U.S. Supreme Court
ends recount efforts with ruling in Bush’sends recount efforts with ruling in Bush’s
favorfavor

55. The Disputed Election of 2000 (3)The Disputed Election of 2000 (3)
• Geographic divisionsGeographic divisions
• Bush wins rural West, South, keyBush wins rural West, South, key
Midwest and border statesMidwest and border states
• Gore wins large states with urbanGore wins large states with urban
populationspopulations
• Social divisionsSocial divisions
• Gender gap remains in Democrats’ favorGender gap remains in Democrats’ favor
• Black vote overwhelmingly to DemocratsBlack vote overwhelmingly to Democrats
• Hispanic vote narrowed somewhatHispanic vote narrowed somewhat

56. The Disputed Election of 2000 (4)The Disputed Election of 2000 (4)
• Cultural divisionsCultural divisions
• Bush the winner among voters stressingBush the winner among voters stressing
character, valuescharacter, values
• Gore the winner among voters stressingGore the winner among voters stressing
material well-beingmaterial well-being

57. Bush’s Domestic AgendaBush’s Domestic Agenda
• Persuades Congress to cut taxes byPersuades Congress to cut taxes by
$1.35 trillion over ten years$1.35 trillion over ten years
• Education reform increased federal aidEducation reform increased federal aid
to schools that meet performanceto schools that meet performance
requirementsrequirements
• Recession returns in 2001 fueled by:Recession returns in 2001 fueled by:
• glut of unsold goodsglut of unsold goods
• September 11 attacksSeptember 11 attacks
• scandalous collapse of major corporationsscandalous collapse of major corporations

58. Terrorism in a Global AgeTerrorism in a Global Age
• A Conservative Agenda at HomeA Conservative Agenda at Home
• Energy policyEnergy policy
• EducationEducation
• Tax cutsTax cuts
• Unilateralism in Foreign AffairsUnilateralism in Foreign Affairs
• Kyoto ProtocolsKyoto Protocols
rejectedrejected
• Tensions withTensions with
EuropeEurope
Karl Rove persuades President Bush
to rule as a conservative

60. Terrorism in a Global AgeTerrorism in a Global Age
• Shock of September 11, 2001Shock of September 11, 2001

61. • The Roots of TerrorThe Roots of Terror
• Pressures in Saudi ArabiaPressures in Saudi Arabia
• Osama bin LadenOsama bin Laden
• A global terrorist strategyA global terrorist strategy
• The War on Terror: First PhaseThe War on Terror: First Phase
• Afghanistan and the TalibanAfghanistan and the Taliban
• Anthrax scareAnthrax scare
• The USA Patriot ActThe USA Patriot Act
• The War on IraqThe War on Iraq
• Doctrine of PreemptionDoctrine of Preemption
• WMD?WMD?
Terrorism in a Global AgeTerrorism in a Global Age
Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda founder;Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda founder;
Killed 2012- Pres. Obama orderedKilled 2012- Pres. Obama ordered
attack on compound in Pakistan byattack on compound in Pakistan by
Navy SealsNavy Seals

62. Terrorism: Attack andTerrorism: Attack and
CounterattackCounterattack
• Terrorist attacks kill over 3,000 in NewTerrorist attacks kill over 3,000 in New
York City and Washington, D.C.York City and Washington, D.C.
• Attacks carried out by al-Qaeda terroristAttacks carried out by al-Qaeda terrorist
organizationorganization
• Bush declares a “war on terrorism” andBush declares a “war on terrorism” and
attacks Afghanistan, home of al-Qaedaattacks Afghanistan, home of al-Qaeda

63. Terrorism: Attack andTerrorism: Attack and
Counterattack (2)Counterattack (2)
• 2002--Congress creates the2002--Congress creates the
Department of Homeland SecurityDepartment of Homeland Security
• New department focuses first onNew department focuses first on
security of airline travelsecurity of airline travel
• Debate over security versus civilDebate over security versus civil
liberties ensuesliberties ensues
• Bush’s approval ratings soarBush’s approval ratings soar

64. The New American Empire?The New American Empire?
• Bush administration rejects internationalBush administration rejects international
cooperation in favor of unilateral actioncooperation in favor of unilateral action
• March 2003--U.S. invades Iraq to removeMarch 2003--U.S. invades Iraq to remove
Saddam Hussein and his weapons ofSaddam Hussein and his weapons of
mass destructionmass destruction
• By April 8 Hussein is deposed and Iraq isBy April 8 Hussein is deposed and Iraq is
under U.S. controlunder U.S. control
• Restoring order and rebuilding theRestoring order and rebuilding the
economy proves difficulteconomy proves difficult

65. • A Messy AftermathA Messy Aftermath
• Postwar Iraq in chaosPostwar Iraq in chaos
• Abu Ghraib prison scandalAbu Ghraib prison scandal
• The Election of 2004The Election of 2004
• President Bush defeats John KerryPresident Bush defeats John Kerry
• Economic crisis ~ sub-primeEconomic crisis ~ sub-prime
mortgage collapsemortgage collapse
• Congress approves $700 billion “bailout”Congress approves $700 billion “bailout”
“In a twenty-first century world drawn closer by the Internet, global flows of
immigration, and international terror, only time would tell whether a nation of nations
could succeed as a policeman in an uncertain world” .
Terrorism in a Global AgeTerrorism in a Global Age

66. • The Second TermThe Second Term
• Opposition to privatization of Social SecurityOpposition to privatization of Social Security
• Supreme Court Appointments - conservativesSupreme Court Appointments - conservatives
• Samuel AlitoSamuel Alito
• Chief Justice John RobertsChief Justice John Roberts
• Disasters, Domestic &Disasters, Domestic &
ForeignForeign
• KatrinaKatrina
• RecessionRecession
Terrorism in a Global AgeTerrorism in a Global Age
New Orleans after Hurricane KatrinaNew Orleans after Hurricane Katrina

67. The American Century?The American Century?
• In spite of recession and internationalIn spite of recession and international
hostility the U.S. is the earth’s strongesthostility the U.S. is the earth’s strongest
nationnation
• Twenty-first century challenges areTwenty-first century challenges are
dauntingdaunting
• The U.S. must convince the world thatThe U.S. must convince the world that
liberty and democracy are worthwhileliberty and democracy are worthwhile
and attainable goalsand attainable goals

68. • The Election of 2008The Election of 2008
• Sen. Barack Obama defeats Sen. John McCainSen. Barack Obama defeats Sen. John McCain
• Inauguration themes– change and hopeInauguration themes– change and hope
• Faces biggest economic collapse since GreatFaces biggest economic collapse since Great
Depression…Depression…
America in a Global AgeAmerica in a Global Age

69. “Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we
meet them may be new. But those values upon which our
success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair
play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these
things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet
force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded
then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a
new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every
American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the
world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize
gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying
to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a
difficult task.”
President Barack Obama
America in a Global AgeAmerica in a Global Age