This chapter discusses information systems concepts and the evolution of information technology. It describes how information systems have developed from early transaction processing systems to today's enterprise systems and knowledge management tools. The chapter also outlines different ways of classifying information systems, such as by organizational level or breadth of support. It explains key computing environment models including legacy systems, client/server architecture, and distributed computing. The chapter provides an overview of information systems concepts and issues to help readers understand the role of IT in organizations.
The document defines an information system as a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization. It notes information systems have advantages like making work easier, allowing real-time updates, and improving organizational quality, but also have disadvantages such as costs, system breakdowns, lack of IT skills, privacy issues, and unemployment. The document provides examples of how information systems are used in daily life and business.
This document provides an overview of information management concepts including data, information, intelligence, and knowledge. It discusses how data is collected and transformed into information and intelligence. Information technology and its impact on organizations is also examined. Different types of information systems are introduced, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The document outlines the evolution of information systems from early data processing to modern enterprise resource planning systems. Key characteristics, components, advantages, and applications of information technology are also summarized.
1) Data refers to raw facts or numbers while information is data that has been organized and given meaning or context.
2) A system is defined as a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs, processing them, and producing outputs. Key components of systems include inputs, processing, outputs, feedback, and control.
3) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process business transactions and control processes, or management support systems, which provide information to support decision making.
This document provides an overview of information systems and management information systems. It discusses key concepts such as data, information, systems, information systems, and the functions and dimensions of information systems. It also describes different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. These various systems support different levels of management and business functions. The document outlines topics to be covered in the course including information technology infrastructure, organizations, management, and types of information systems.
The document discusses knowledge management and different types of knowledge management systems. It describes enterprise-wide knowledge management systems that capture structured and unstructured knowledge across an organization. It also discusses knowledge work systems that are specialized for knowledge workers, and intelligent techniques that use data mining to discover and apply knowledge. Finally, it examines the roles of chief knowledge officers and communities of practice in facilitating knowledge sharing.
Concepts and components of information systemRohit Kumar
The document discusses concepts related to information systems. It defines a system as having inputs, processing, and outputs. It describes the key components of an information system including people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It also discusses different types of computer systems such as microcomputers, midrange systems, and mainframe systems. Peripherals and storage technologies like semiconductor memory, magnetic disks, tapes, and optical disks are also summarized.
This document discusses data, information, and information systems. It defines data as raw facts and information as data that has been manipulated and given meaning and context. An information system takes data as an input, processes it to generate useful information as an output. The document also discusses how humans and computers can work together synergistically in information systems by leveraging their respective strengths. Finally, it discusses some of the ethical and societal issues related to information systems, such as threats to privacy and increasing social inequality due to unequal access to technology.
The document defines an information system as a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization. It notes information systems have advantages like making work easier, allowing real-time updates, and improving organizational quality, but also have disadvantages such as costs, system breakdowns, lack of IT skills, privacy issues, and unemployment. The document provides examples of how information systems are used in daily life and business.
This document provides an overview of information management concepts including data, information, intelligence, and knowledge. It discusses how data is collected and transformed into information and intelligence. Information technology and its impact on organizations is also examined. Different types of information systems are introduced, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The document outlines the evolution of information systems from early data processing to modern enterprise resource planning systems. Key characteristics, components, advantages, and applications of information technology are also summarized.
1) Data refers to raw facts or numbers while information is data that has been organized and given meaning or context.
2) A system is defined as a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs, processing them, and producing outputs. Key components of systems include inputs, processing, outputs, feedback, and control.
3) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process business transactions and control processes, or management support systems, which provide information to support decision making.
This document provides an overview of information systems and management information systems. It discusses key concepts such as data, information, systems, information systems, and the functions and dimensions of information systems. It also describes different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. These various systems support different levels of management and business functions. The document outlines topics to be covered in the course including information technology infrastructure, organizations, management, and types of information systems.
The document discusses knowledge management and different types of knowledge management systems. It describes enterprise-wide knowledge management systems that capture structured and unstructured knowledge across an organization. It also discusses knowledge work systems that are specialized for knowledge workers, and intelligent techniques that use data mining to discover and apply knowledge. Finally, it examines the roles of chief knowledge officers and communities of practice in facilitating knowledge sharing.
Concepts and components of information systemRohit Kumar
The document discusses concepts related to information systems. It defines a system as having inputs, processing, and outputs. It describes the key components of an information system including people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It also discusses different types of computer systems such as microcomputers, midrange systems, and mainframe systems. Peripherals and storage technologies like semiconductor memory, magnetic disks, tapes, and optical disks are also summarized.
This document discusses data, information, and information systems. It defines data as raw facts and information as data that has been manipulated and given meaning and context. An information system takes data as an input, processes it to generate useful information as an output. The document also discusses how humans and computers can work together synergistically in information systems by leveraging their respective strengths. Finally, it discusses some of the ethical and societal issues related to information systems, such as threats to privacy and increasing social inequality due to unequal access to technology.
Management information system data processing and functionsMilan Padariya
A management information system document defines data processing as the collection and manipulation of data to produce meaningful information. It discusses electronic data processing as the use of automated methods to process commercial data using simple and repetitive activities to handle large volumes of similar information. Examples provided include stock updates, banking transactions, airline reservations, and utility billing. The document also defines a data processing system as a combination of machines and people that takes inputs and produces defined outputs, and lists types of data processing systems and common data processing functions.
An information system is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, decision making in an organization. There are several types of information systems including executive support systems, management information systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, transaction processing systems, and office automation systems. The five basic components of an information system are hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
This document provides an overview of a systems analysis and design course. It discusses the six main sections of the course: systems planning, analysis, design, implementation, support and security, and the systems analyst's toolkit. It then provides learning objectives and an introduction to systems analysis and design, defining key terms like information systems, systems analysts, and the five components of an information system: hardware, software, data, processes, and people. It also discusses modeling business operations and profiles.
Managers have responsibilities to plan, organize, direct and control business processes. They make three types of decisions: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. Information technology supports managerial decision making through management information systems, decision support systems, and group decision support systems. These systems provide managers with internal and external data, models, and tools to make quantitative judgments and identify optimal solutions.
Information Systems and Knowledge ManagementMeenakshi Paul
Information Systems and Knowledge
Management, Information, data and Intelligence, The Characteristics of Valuable Information, Relevance, Quality, Timeliness, Completeness, Knowledge Management, Global Information Systems, Decision Support Systems, Databases and Data Warehousing, Input Management, Computerized Data Archives Networks and Electronic Data Interchange, The Internet and Research
This document discusses various management concepts and how information technology can support management functions. It covers the roles and levels of management, types of management decisions, and dimensions of management information. It also discusses how IT can enable managerial communications, collaborative work, distributed computing, and the automated office. Further, it explores how IT supports managerial decision making through management information systems, decision support systems, group decision support systems, and expert systems. Finally, it discusses how IT can support business strategy and improve efficiency and effectiveness through the value chain.
This document discusses organizing data and information in databases. It covers database concepts like data entities, attributes, keys and the hierarchy of data. The advantages of the database approach are outlined, which include consistent data definitions, centralized data administration, data independence and data sharing. Popular database management systems allow users to define, construct and maintain database for storage, retrieval and use of data.
1) An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.
2) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process data from business operations, or management support systems, which provide information to support managerial decision making.
3) Key types of information systems include transaction processing systems, process control systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems.
1) An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.
2) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process data from business operations, or management support systems, which provide information to support managerial decision making.
3) Key types of information systems include transaction processing systems, process control systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems.
The document discusses various types of decision support systems and knowledge management systems. It describes management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, group decision support systems, and knowledge management systems. It also discusses how intelligent techniques like expert systems, case-based reasoning, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and intelligent agents can enhance decision making.
The document discusses IT infrastructure and its key components. It describes how IT infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that operate an entire enterprise. The document outlines seven key infrastructure components: computer hardware platforms, operating system platforms, enterprise software applications, data management and storage, networking/telecommunications platforms, internet platforms, and consulting/systems integration services. It provides details on trends within each component area.
A computer base information system (CBIS) is defined as a set of hardware, software, database, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. The document outlines the key components of a CBIS including hardware, software, databases, telecommunications networks, people, and procedures. It provides examples of each component and their functions in a CBIS.
This document defines key concepts in information systems, including data, information, and information systems themselves. It describes the five main components of information systems as data, hardware, software, people, and procedures. It also outlines five common types of information systems and explains the hierarchy of data from the bit level up to databases.
This document contains slides from a lecture on information management. It discusses key topics like the importance of information in today's organizations, challenges of information overload and management, how information supports business processes, and the relationships between data, information, and knowledge. It also provides examples and definitions to illustrate information management concepts. The final slides discuss knowledge management and common problems organizations face with knowledge management initiatives.
Management information systems (MIS) collect, process, store, and distribute data to support decision-making and control in organizations. Decision support systems (DSS) are a type of information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSS provide analysis of information to help decision makers choose among alternative solutions. There are different types of DSS, including communication-driven, data-driven, document-driven, knowledge-driven, model-driven, spreadsheet-based, and web-based systems. DSS use analytical tools like what-if analysis, sensitivity analysis, goal-seeking analysis, and optimization analysis to help decision makers evaluate alternatives.
This chapter discusses the key building blocks of information systems, including data, processes, interfaces, and the role of networks and communications. It defines different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It also explains the perspectives of different stakeholders in the development and use of information systems, such as system owners, users, designers, and builders.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to accounting information systems. It discusses information flows within a business, the roles of AIS and MIS, how transactions are processed, and the general model for information systems. It also summarizes the evolution of IS models from manual to database systems and the three main roles of accountants in an information system.
End user computing (EUC) refers to systems that allow non-programmers to create applications. EUC aims to better integrate end users into computing by allowing them to perform complex problem solving. End users are non-IT professionals, including managers and support staff. While EUC gives users control and tailors systems to their needs, it can also cause issues like inappropriate applications and integration problems if not managed properly.
Management Information System by Ravi KumudeshRavi Kumudesh
1) Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information to support decision making and provide feedback on daily operations. MIS integrate subsystems along functional lines to provide standardized reports from stored transaction data.
2) Data is raw facts while information is data placed in context. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce informative output.
3) MIS benefit organizations by providing the right information to the right people at the right time to help achieve goals and identify problems and opportunities for improvement.
Symfony 2 & e-commerce ecosystem - Now in english !Fabien Gasser
Symfony can be used as a middleware framework to build modular e-commerce applications. Key areas include a product information management system, customer relationship management, order management, search, catalog, checkout and payment processing. Third party services can integrate via REST APIs for areas like media storage, payment processing, recommendation engines and marketplaces. The document emphasizes separating applications by domain, using Symfony bundles appropriately, and planning for scalability.
Management information system data processing and functionsMilan Padariya
A management information system document defines data processing as the collection and manipulation of data to produce meaningful information. It discusses electronic data processing as the use of automated methods to process commercial data using simple and repetitive activities to handle large volumes of similar information. Examples provided include stock updates, banking transactions, airline reservations, and utility billing. The document also defines a data processing system as a combination of machines and people that takes inputs and produces defined outputs, and lists types of data processing systems and common data processing functions.
An information system is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, decision making in an organization. There are several types of information systems including executive support systems, management information systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, transaction processing systems, and office automation systems. The five basic components of an information system are hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
This document provides an overview of a systems analysis and design course. It discusses the six main sections of the course: systems planning, analysis, design, implementation, support and security, and the systems analyst's toolkit. It then provides learning objectives and an introduction to systems analysis and design, defining key terms like information systems, systems analysts, and the five components of an information system: hardware, software, data, processes, and people. It also discusses modeling business operations and profiles.
Managers have responsibilities to plan, organize, direct and control business processes. They make three types of decisions: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. Information technology supports managerial decision making through management information systems, decision support systems, and group decision support systems. These systems provide managers with internal and external data, models, and tools to make quantitative judgments and identify optimal solutions.
Information Systems and Knowledge ManagementMeenakshi Paul
Information Systems and Knowledge
Management, Information, data and Intelligence, The Characteristics of Valuable Information, Relevance, Quality, Timeliness, Completeness, Knowledge Management, Global Information Systems, Decision Support Systems, Databases and Data Warehousing, Input Management, Computerized Data Archives Networks and Electronic Data Interchange, The Internet and Research
This document discusses various management concepts and how information technology can support management functions. It covers the roles and levels of management, types of management decisions, and dimensions of management information. It also discusses how IT can enable managerial communications, collaborative work, distributed computing, and the automated office. Further, it explores how IT supports managerial decision making through management information systems, decision support systems, group decision support systems, and expert systems. Finally, it discusses how IT can support business strategy and improve efficiency and effectiveness through the value chain.
This document discusses organizing data and information in databases. It covers database concepts like data entities, attributes, keys and the hierarchy of data. The advantages of the database approach are outlined, which include consistent data definitions, centralized data administration, data independence and data sharing. Popular database management systems allow users to define, construct and maintain database for storage, retrieval and use of data.
1) An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.
2) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process data from business operations, or management support systems, which provide information to support managerial decision making.
3) Key types of information systems include transaction processing systems, process control systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems.
1) An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.
2) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process data from business operations, or management support systems, which provide information to support managerial decision making.
3) Key types of information systems include transaction processing systems, process control systems, office automation systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems.
The document discusses various types of decision support systems and knowledge management systems. It describes management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, group decision support systems, and knowledge management systems. It also discusses how intelligent techniques like expert systems, case-based reasoning, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and intelligent agents can enhance decision making.
The document discusses IT infrastructure and its key components. It describes how IT infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that operate an entire enterprise. The document outlines seven key infrastructure components: computer hardware platforms, operating system platforms, enterprise software applications, data management and storage, networking/telecommunications platforms, internet platforms, and consulting/systems integration services. It provides details on trends within each component area.
A computer base information system (CBIS) is defined as a set of hardware, software, database, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. The document outlines the key components of a CBIS including hardware, software, databases, telecommunications networks, people, and procedures. It provides examples of each component and their functions in a CBIS.
This document defines key concepts in information systems, including data, information, and information systems themselves. It describes the five main components of information systems as data, hardware, software, people, and procedures. It also outlines five common types of information systems and explains the hierarchy of data from the bit level up to databases.
This document contains slides from a lecture on information management. It discusses key topics like the importance of information in today's organizations, challenges of information overload and management, how information supports business processes, and the relationships between data, information, and knowledge. It also provides examples and definitions to illustrate information management concepts. The final slides discuss knowledge management and common problems organizations face with knowledge management initiatives.
Management information systems (MIS) collect, process, store, and distribute data to support decision-making and control in organizations. Decision support systems (DSS) are a type of information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSS provide analysis of information to help decision makers choose among alternative solutions. There are different types of DSS, including communication-driven, data-driven, document-driven, knowledge-driven, model-driven, spreadsheet-based, and web-based systems. DSS use analytical tools like what-if analysis, sensitivity analysis, goal-seeking analysis, and optimization analysis to help decision makers evaluate alternatives.
This chapter discusses the key building blocks of information systems, including data, processes, interfaces, and the role of networks and communications. It defines different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It also explains the perspectives of different stakeholders in the development and use of information systems, such as system owners, users, designers, and builders.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to accounting information systems. It discusses information flows within a business, the roles of AIS and MIS, how transactions are processed, and the general model for information systems. It also summarizes the evolution of IS models from manual to database systems and the three main roles of accountants in an information system.
End user computing (EUC) refers to systems that allow non-programmers to create applications. EUC aims to better integrate end users into computing by allowing them to perform complex problem solving. End users are non-IT professionals, including managers and support staff. While EUC gives users control and tailors systems to their needs, it can also cause issues like inappropriate applications and integration problems if not managed properly.
Management Information System by Ravi KumudeshRavi Kumudesh
1) Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with information to support decision making and provide feedback on daily operations. MIS integrate subsystems along functional lines to provide standardized reports from stored transaction data.
2) Data is raw facts while information is data placed in context. Computer-based information systems take data as input, process it, and produce informative output.
3) MIS benefit organizations by providing the right information to the right people at the right time to help achieve goals and identify problems and opportunities for improvement.
Symfony 2 & e-commerce ecosystem - Now in english !Fabien Gasser
Symfony can be used as a middleware framework to build modular e-commerce applications. Key areas include a product information management system, customer relationship management, order management, search, catalog, checkout and payment processing. Third party services can integrate via REST APIs for areas like media storage, payment processing, recommendation engines and marketplaces. The document emphasizes separating applications by domain, using Symfony bundles appropriately, and planning for scalability.
Application of cloud computing based on e learning teaching tooleSAT Journals
Abstract
The demand for cloud computing has pressured the development of new market offerings, representing various cloud services and
delivery models. These models significantly expand the range of available options and tasks.Cloud computing allows changes in
businesses and organizations with more choices regarding how to run infrastructures, save costs, and delegate liabilities to thirdparty
providers. It has become an integral part of technology and business models, and has forced businesses to adapt to new
technology strategies .Now Cloud computing introduces efficient scale mechanism which let the construction of E-Learning
systems to be entrusted to all suppliers and provide a new mode for E-Learning.
Keywords : Cloud Computing, E-Learning, CloudE-Learning
Intelligent Transportation Systems for a Smart City Charles Mok
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) use information and communication technologies to improve transport infrastructure and vehicles, enhancing mobility, safety, and sustainability. ITS allow cities to gather commuter data, divert traffic using real-time info, and improve outcomes like congestion. Hong Kong's ITS market is estimated to reach $33.89 billion by 2020. The government provides free transport data and apps, and hopes to coordinate policies and review capacity limits to transform Hong Kong into a smart city with coordinated, real-time transportation data.
The document discusses the emerging field of m-commerce and its potential applications. It notes that most early m-commerce assumed stationary users with wired networks, but that mobile phones open up new opportunities by allowing commerce anywhere. A framework is proposed with four levels - applications, user infrastructure, middleware, and network infrastructure - to simplify design of m-commerce systems. Finally, it outlines several classes of potential m-commerce applications like mobile financial services, advertising, and inventory management.
This document discusses developing smart city applications in fog computing environments. It proposes using an adaptive distributed dataflow programming model to coordinate large numbers of heterogeneous and mobile devices. This model would use reusable software components and adapt to changes in devices' locations and resource availability. The document outlines requirements for smart city applications and describes a system architecture using a dataflow approach. It also discusses prototyping with Node-RED and related work, and notes potential roadblocks like flow complexity and maintainability.
The document discusses e-commerce applications. It begins with definitions of e-commerce and discusses the origins and taxonomy of e-commerce applications including B2C, B2B, C2C, B2G, and mobile commerce applications. It covers issues in developing e-commerce applications such as security, flexibility, scalability, and integration. It also discusses architectures for e-commerce applications including two-tier and three-tier architectures.
This document provides an overview of electronic payment systems and secure online transactions. It discusses key concepts like e-transactions, the ACID properties of transactions, transaction processing benefits, traditional and online payment methods, secure online transaction models, digital currencies and payment systems like electronic funds transfer. It also covers security protocols like HTTPS, SSL/TLS that enable encrypted online transactions and private data networks that large companies use for secure connections.
This document discusses e-commerce and provides an overview of topics like the OFBiz framework, examples of e-commerce companies like Flipkart and Amazon, what kinds of products can be sold online like finished goods and digital goods, how to develop an e-commerce application using open source frameworks like OFBiz or licensed software, and that experienced developers can build e-commerce apps. It focuses on introducing common e-commerce concepts and development approaches.
A brief introduction to the Eurotech Group and Eurotech’s M2M Field-to-Application Building Blocks for Smart City Applications
M2M Applications and Use Cases: Industrial Air Conditioning System Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Retail Shop Performance Measurement, Retail Energy and Asset Management, Elderly Living Project, Taxi Queue Optimization, Parking Management, Cool Chain Monitoring and Fleet Management Optimization
Smart City Application for Local Authority Using CitiAct - A Case StudyDr. Mazlan Abbas
Invited Talk - Building Local Capacity in Understanding, Analyzing and Visualizing Big Data in Malaysian Cities in Melaka, 4th MELAKA Workshop, 29 Feb – 2 March 2016
A smart city is an urban development vision to integrate multiple information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in a secure fashion to manage a city’s assets – the city’s assets include, but not limited to, local departments information systems, schools, libraries, transportation systems, hospitals, power plants, water supply networks, waste management, law enforcement, and other community services.(Definition from WIKI)
SparkLabs Global Asia E-Commerce Report 2015Bernard Moon
Report focused on e-commerce in Asia. Overviews of China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia markets (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam). Describes the major startups and companies for each market and the investor landscape.
E-commerce Trends from 2015 to 2016 by DivanteDivante
E-commerce trends from 2015 to 2016 saw continued growth in online sales, mobile commerce, and social commerce. Key trends included increased machine learning services, new business models like membership and rental commerce, and expanded delivery options using drones or crowdsourcing. Mobile transactions were expected to reach $115 billion in 2015 and $142 billion in 2016. Content marketing and virtual sales forces were growing as well. Omnichannel experiences allowing self-service and connecting online and in-store wish lists were also trends for the coming years. Artificial intelligence and personalization were developing to improve customer experiences across channels.
M-commerce involves using mobile devices to transact, communicate, and entertain through wireless networks. It combines e-commerce and wireless web capabilities. Key features of m-commerce include cash deposits/withdrawals, third party deposits, retail purchases, prepaid top-ups, cash transfers, and bill payments. Mobile devices must support barcode scanning, display, and data transmission for point-of-sale transactions. Technologies used include GSM, 3G, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, SMS, and MMS. Information is provided by global electronic parties and data synchronization networks. Transactions are facilitated through infrastructure involving multiple steps. Applications include advertising, in-store navigation, comparisons, payments, publications, ticketing, and catalogs. Adv
This document discusses e-commerce in mobile computing. It begins with an introduction that defines commerce, e-commerce, and mobile commerce. It then provides a brief history of mobile commerce beginning in 1997. The bulk of the document covers various aspects of mobile commerce such as services and applications like mobile ticketing, payments methods including mobile wallets, and advantages and disadvantages. It concludes with references for further information.
Commerce involves the exchange of goods and services between entities. E-commerce refers specifically to commerce conducted electronically over computer networks like the Internet. It allows buyers and sellers to connect directly, reducing costs. While traditional commerce involves manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers and retailers before reaching customers, e-commerce can connect businesses and consumers directly. The main types of e-commerce are business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-employee, and consumer-to-consumer.
This document discusses different types of e-commerce including B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C, G2C, and G2B. It defines each type and provides examples. The key stages of the e-commerce process are described as a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items, providing payment and address details, receiving order confirmation, and order fulfillment. Advantages of e-commerce include 24/7 availability, low costs, and broad reach, while disadvantages include inability to examine products physically and security risks.
The document provides an overview of e-commerce, defining it as the process of buying and selling goods and services over the internet. It discusses the history of e-commerce from the 1970s to today. It also outlines the major categories of e-commerce including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. Finally, it discusses the benefits of e-commerce for both organizations and consumers as well as examples of business applications and some interesting statistics.
This document outlines the key concepts in chapter 2 of the Information Technologies textbook. It discusses:
1) The definition of information systems and how they are classified and support organizations.
2) How IT supports operational, managerial, and strategic activities through different types of systems that aid employees, managers, and executives.
3) How IT supports supply chains and business processes both internally and with external partners through enterprise systems, supply chain management software, and technologies like RFID.
This chapter discusses data and knowledge management. It covers topics such as data warehousing, business intelligence, data mining, knowledge management, and how various technologies can be used to manage data and knowledge. The key points are:
- Data management is critical for IT applications and involves issues around data quality, collection, analysis, and security.
- Data warehousing involves collecting and organizing data from various sources to support analysis and decision-making.
- Business intelligence uses tools like reporting, data mining and analytics to discover patterns and insights from data.
- Knowledge management aims to identify, share and apply knowledge within an organization using technologies like collaboration tools, knowledge repositories and artificial intelligence.
The document discusses the roles of IT systems in organizations. It describes transaction processing (TP) systems like point-of-sale and order processing that organizations use. It also discusses customer relationship management (CRM) systems. The document outlines roles of IT systems like operational support, collaboration, knowledge management, product development, and service delivery. It provides details about operational support systems, collaboration systems, and knowledge management systems. It also discusses the product development process.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, MIS, CASE REPORT, ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS), IT VS IS, CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) SUCCESS AND FAILURE, LIBCORPIO786, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
An information system is defined both functionally and structurally. Functionally, it is a medium for recording, storing, and disseminating information to support decision making. Structurally, it consists of people, processes, data, technology, and language forming a cohesive structure serving an organizational purpose. A computer-based information system uses computers to perform its tasks and has key components of people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It collects, processes, stores, and distributes information to support decision making, coordination, control, and problem analysis within an organization.
The document discusses a seminar on management information systems. It defines an information system and its components, including resources of people, hardware, software, data, and networks. It then discusses the functions of management information systems and different types of systems, including decision support systems, group decision support systems, executive information systems, management information systems, transaction processing systems, and office systems. The document emphasizes the growing role of information systems in integrating and coordinating business processes across organizations.
Management Information System(UNIT 1).pptxSURBHI SAROHA
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It begins with an introduction to information systems in business and their typical components, including hardware, software, data, and telecommunications. It then discusses the fundamentals of information systems and defines the major types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, office automation systems, knowledge work systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems. The document also distinguishes MIS from data processing and outlines some key characteristics of MIS.
Mis 1st chapter notes foundation of is in businessHassan Samoon
This document provides an overview of the foundations of information systems in business. It defines what an information system is and its key components: people, hardware, software, data, and network resources. An information system takes data as input, processes it, and produces output in the form of information. It also discusses the roles of end users and IS specialists. Managers need to understand how to effectively use IS for business operations and competitive advantage.
Foundations Of Information Systems In Business(97 2003)Chandan Kumar
Information systems and technologies are vital for businesses to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and competitive position. They can support various business activities from product development to customer support. With Internet technologies, information systems have become necessary for business success globally. The document then outlines key concepts about information systems including components, activities, and applications for business.
This document discusses various types of information systems. It begins by defining data and information, with data being raw facts and information being organized data that provides additional value. It then covers transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, and the differences between TPS and MIS. The document also discusses information system infrastructure and architecture, including client/server, enterprise-wide, and internet-based architectures. It provides characteristics and examples of different information systems.
This chapter discusses data and knowledge management. It covers topics like data warehousing, business intelligence, data mining, data visualization technologies, and knowledge management. The key points are:
1) Data management is critical for IT applications but difficult due to increasing data volumes, scattered sources, and quality/integrity issues.
2) A data warehouse contains subject-oriented historical data from multiple sources organized for analysis. It aids decision making through queries, reports, analytics and mining.
3) Business intelligence uses tools like querying, reporting, analytics, mining and forecasting to extract knowledge and support decisions from corporate data.
4) Data visualization technologies include GIS, simulations, virtual reality and multimedia to present data visually
Information technology for management (6th edition)MShuibMJ
The document summarizes the organization and contents of the 6th edition of the textbook "Information Technology for Management" by Turban, Leidner, McLean, and Wetherbe from 2008. The textbook is divided into 6 parts covering IT in organizations, infrastructure, the web revolution, organizational applications, managerial systems, and implementing/managing IT. Each part contains chapters that provide overviews of key topics, cases, and resources to support student learning.
Information technology for management (6th edition)MShuibMJ
The document summarizes the organization and contents of the 6th edition of the textbook "Information Technology for Management" by Turban, Leidner, McLean, and Wetherbe from 2008. The textbook is divided into 6 parts covering IT in organizations, infrastructure, the web revolution, organizational applications, managerial systems, and implementing/managing IT. Each part contains chapters that provide overviews of key topics, cases, and resources to support student learning.
The document provides an overview of foundations of information systems in business. It discusses that information systems are important for business as they play a vital role in e-business, e-commerce, enterprise collaboration and strategic success. The document also outlines an information system framework for business professionals including foundation concepts, information technologies, business applications, development processes and management challenges. It then discusses key concepts such as what a system and information system are, the components and activities of an information system including resources and processing of data.
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS) with topics that include:
- The definition of an MIS as a set of systems that gather and compile data from various sources into readable reports for managers.
- The history of MIS from the era of mainframe computers to current cloud computing.
- The types of information systems including transaction processing, decision support, executive, and management information systems.
- The key components of an MIS like the information system, database, intelligence system, and research system.
- The role of an MIS in providing information to decision makers and improving reporting, collaboration, and data analysis.
- The advantages of centralized data access and improved decision making through
This document discusses management information systems (MIS) and information technology (IT) architecture. It covers several topics:
1. The syllabus for a MIS unit which includes IT opportunities and challenges, strategic planning models, information management, IT architecture and infrastructure, cloud computing, and virtualization.
2. The importance of effective IT infrastructure management for organizations. Downtime or security breaches can negatively impact productivity and revenue.
3. Different types of IT architecture including enterprise, governance, risk management, information security, technology, business, systems, applications, data, solutions, and specialists architectures. The architecture establishes principles and guidelines for acquiring, building and interfacing IT resources.
An information system evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organization's data to produce useful information for management decision making. A digital firm conducts nearly all business digitally through digital networks. The core components of an information system are hardware, software, data, networks, and people. Hardware provides computing power, software provides instructions, data is recorded business transactions, networks allow communication, and people are both users and specialists.
1) The document discusses key concepts related to information systems including data, information, knowledge, and the process of transforming data into information.
2) It describes the components of an information system including input, processing, output, feedback, and how computer-based information systems incorporate hardware, software, databases, networks and people.
3) The different types of business information systems are discussed, focusing on transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and systems that support electronic and mobile commerce.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook:
1. It defines an information system as any organized combination of people, hardware, software, and policies that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization.
2. Information systems support business operations, decision making, and competitive strategies. Types of systems include transaction processing, process control, collaboration, management, decision support, and expert systems.
3. e-Business involves using internet technologies to empower business processes, e-commerce, and collaboration within and outside an organization. Success requires supporting business strategies and processes effectively.
This document provides an overview of information systems and management information systems. It discusses the history and evolution of computer hardware and applications. It also describes how transaction processing systems and management information systems process and organize data into useful information for managers. Finally, it discusses decision support systems and how information systems can support each phase of problem solving and decision making.
This document is the first chapter of a textbook on information technology. It introduces key concepts of the digital economy including e-business, networked computing, and information systems. It describes business pressures from markets, technology, and society that organizations face and how they respond through strategies like customer relationship management, build-to-order production, and virtual corporations. These responses are supported by information technology. The chapter also covers competitive advantage, strategic information systems, and Porter's five forces model for analyzing competitiveness.
This chapter discusses managing organizational data and information. It covers the traditional file environment and its problems, how databases provide a modern approach, database management systems, and logical data models including hierarchical, network and relational models. The key topics are data arrangement, traditional file problems like redundancy and inconsistency, how databases solve these with concepts like entities and relationships, data definition and manipulation languages, and the advantages of relational modeling.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis and design methods. It describes a six-step process for developing an IT architecture including defining business goals, information, data, application, technical, and organizational architectures. The document also discusses the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) method and alternative methods like prototyping, joint application design, rapid application development, and object-oriented development.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts relating to the Internet and intranets. It defines the Internet as a massive global network that connects computer networks around the world. It describes how the Internet works using protocols like TCP/IP and how users can connect. It also differentiates the World Wide Web from the Internet, defining the Web as a system that uses the Internet's transport functions and standards like HTML and HTTP. Finally, it discusses intranets and how they are private networks that use the same Internet protocols within an organization.
This document provides an outline and overview of key topics in a chapter on network and telecommunications basics. It discusses the components of a telecommunications system including hardware, communications media, networks, software, protocols and applications. It also describes different types of computer networks like local area networks and wide area networks. Specific network protocols, services, and technologies are defined including Ethernet, TCP/IP, packet switching, and client-server versus peer-to-peer computing models.
This document provides an outline and overview of key topics about computer software that will be covered in a chapter. It discusses the major types of software including system software like operating systems and application software. It describes important functions of operating systems and lists different operating system types. It also outlines various application software categories including personal, enterprise, and specialized software. Finally, it discusses software issues organizations may face and trends in programming languages.
This document provides an overview of the key topics and learning objectives covered in the chapter on computer hardware from the textbook "Introduction to Information Technology". The chapter outlines hardware components like the central processing unit, computer memory including primary and secondary storage, the evolution of computer hardware, the hierarchy of computer systems, and input/output technologies. It also discusses trends in hardware and strategic issues related to linking hardware design with business needs.
This chapter discusses ethical issues related to information technology, the impacts of IT on organizations and individuals, societal effects, security risks and computer crimes, and methods for protecting information resources. It covers topics such as privacy, intellectual property, how IT affects job content and organizational structure, the digital divide, and security measures like controls, backups, and disaster recovery planning. The learning objectives are to understand these various topics related to IT ethics, impacts, security, and methods for protecting information.
This chapter discusses acquiring and implementing IT systems. It covers:
1) Planning and justifying systems by exploring needs, justifying costs/benefits, and creating an application portfolio.
2) Major acquisition options like buying off-the-shelf, leasing, in-house development, and outsourcing to application service providers.
3) Implementation issues like selecting vendors, integrating applications, and connecting to databases and networks.
This document summarizes Chapter 10 from the textbook "Introduction to Information Technology" by Turban, Rainer and Potter. The chapter discusses managerial support systems, including decision support systems, executive support systems, and intelligent systems like expert systems and artificial neural networks. It describes how these systems can help managers with decision making, capturing expertise, and analyzing large amounts of data.
This chapter discusses interorganizational and global information systems. It defines interorganizational systems as those that support information flow between two or more organizations. It also discusses how global information systems connect companies across borders and some of the issues in designing them, such as cultural and legal differences. The chapter then covers specific topics like business-to-business exchanges, electronic data interchange, extranets, and implementation challenges for interorganizational systems.
This chapter discusses enterprise systems and supply chain management. It covers topics like enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and how information technology supports integrating activities along the supply chain. The chapter also addresses problems in managing supply chains like uncertainties and the bullwhip effect, and presents solutions like information sharing, vendor-managed inventory, and collaboration. It describes computerized systems that helped solve supply chain problems, like MRP, MRPII, and how ERP software integrates planning across the entire enterprise.
This document summarizes Chapter 7 from the textbook "Introduction to Information Technology" by Turban, Rainer and Potter. The chapter discusses functional information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, and how information technology supports accounting, finance, marketing, sales, production, operations and logistics functions. It also covers integrating these functional information systems and managing the flow of information between the different functions.
This chapter discusses mobile, wireless, and pervasive computing. It covers topics such as mobile computing and commerce, wireless local area networks, mobile applications in areas like financial services and shopping, location-based computing, and pervasive computing. The chapter aims to describe the characteristics, benefits, and uses of these technologies, as well as discuss inhibitors and barriers to their adoption. It is based on a textbook chapter on this subject and is intended to provide an overview and outline of the key concepts and sections covered.
This chapter discusses e-business and e-commerce. It defines electronic commerce and e-business, and describes different types of e-commerce transactions including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. It also outlines major e-commerce applications such as e-tailing, online advertising, and e-government. Additionally, it covers e-commerce support services including electronic payments and logistics, as well as security and legal issues related to e-commerce.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Introduction to Information Technology" by Turban, Rainer and Potter. It discusses network computing and how the internet enables discovery, communication and collaboration. Discovery involves accessing online information through browsing, searching and software agents. Communication can be asynchronous through email or synchronous via chat rooms or voice. Collaboration is supported by virtual teams and technologies that allow partners to work together remotely. Intranets and extranets also facilitate information sharing and partnerships within and between organizations.
This document is the first chapter of a textbook on information technology. It introduces key concepts of the digital economy including e-business, networked computing, and information systems. It describes business pressures from markets, technology, and society that organizations face and how they respond through strategies like customer relationship management, build-to-order production, and virtual corporations. These responses are supported by information technology. The chapter also covers competitive advantage, strategic information systems, and Porter's five forces model for analyzing competitiveness.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
3. Chapter Outline
Information System: Concepts and Definition
Evolution of Information System
Classification of Information Systems
Examples of Information Systems
The Modern Computing Environment
Web-based Systems
Emerging Computing Environments
Managing Information Resources
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 3
4. Learning Objectives
Differentiate between information technology infrastructure and
information technology architecture .
Describe the components of computer- based information systems.
Describe various information systems and their evolution.
Compare mainframe- based legacy systems, C/S systems and
peer-to-peer
Identify the major internal support system for each organization
level
Describe the major types of web- based information systems and
understand their functions.
Describe the emerging computing environments.
Describe how information resources are managed and the roles of
the information systems department and the end users.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 4
5. 2.1 Information Systems: Concepts and
Definitions
Information technology architecture: A high-level
map or plan of the information assets in
an organization, which guides current
operations and is a blueprint for future
directions.
In preparing the IT architecture, the designer
needs similar information, which can be
divided into two part:
The business needs for information
The existing and planned IT infrastructure and
applications of the organization.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 5
6. The IT architecture of an e-business
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 6
7. Information Technology Infrastructure
The physical facilities, IT components, IT services,
and IT management that support an entire
organization.
IT components are the computer hardware, software
and communications technologies that are used by IT
personnel to produce IT services.
IT services include data management systems
development , and security concerns .
IT infrastructure include these resources as well as
their integration, operation, documentation,
maintenance and management.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 7
8. Information Technology (IT)
Broadly , an organization’s collection of
information resources, their users, and the
management that oversees them; includes
the IT infrastructure and all other information
systems in an organization.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 8
9. Computer- Based Information Systems
Information System (IS): A Process that
collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and
disseminates information for a specific
purpose.
Computer Based information system (CBIS):
an information system that uses computer
technology to perform some or all of its
intended tasks.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 9
10. Application Program
A computer program designed to support a
specific task, a business process , or another
application program.
The collection of application programs in a
single department is usually considered a
departmental information system.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 10
11. Data, Information, and Knowledge
Data items. An elementary description of things,
events, activities, and transactions that are recorded ,
classified, and stored, but are not organized to
convey any specific meaning.
Information. Data that have been organized to that
they have meaning and value to the recipient.
Knowledge. Data and/ or information that have been
organized and processed to convey understanding,
experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as
apply to a current problem or activity.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 11
12. 2.2 Evolution of Information System
The first business application of
computers( in the mid- 1950s) performed
repetitive. High-volume, transaction –
computing tasks. The computers” crunched
numbers” summarizing and organizing
transactions and data in the accounting,
finance, and human resources areas. Such
systems are generally called transaction
processing systems (TPSs)
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 12
13. Evolution of IS cont…
Management Information Systems (MISs):
these systems access, organize, summarize
and display information for supporting routine
decision making in the functional areas.
Office Automation Systems( OASs): such as
word processing systems were developed to
support office and clerical workers.
Decision Support Systems: were developed
to provide computer based support for
complex, nonroutine decision.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 13
14. Evolution of IS cont…
End- user computing: The use or
development of information systems by the
principal users of the systems’ outputs, such
as analysts, managers, and other
professionals.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 14
15. Evolution of IS cont…
Intelligent Support System (ISSs): Include
expert systems which provide the stored
knowledge of experts to nonexperts, and a
new type of intelligent systems with machine-learning
capabilities that can learn from
historical cases.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 15
16. Evolution of IS cont…
Knowledge Management Systems: Support
the creating, gathering, organizing,
integrating and disseminating of an
organization knowledge.
Data Warehousing: A data warehouse is a
database designed to support DSS, ESS and
other analytical and end-user activities.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 16
17. Evolution of IS cont…
Mobile Computing: Information systems that
support employee who are working with
customers or business partners outside the
physical boundaries of their companies; can
be done over wire line or wireless networks.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 17
18. 2.3 Classification of Information Systems
The two most common classifications are:
Classification by breath of support
classification by organizational level .
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 18
19. Classification by Breath of Support
Typical information systems that follow the hierarchical
organization structure are functional ( departmental )
enterprisewide and interorganizational
Functional information systems are organized around the
traditional departments.
Enterprise information systems serve several department or
the entire enterprise.
Interorganizational systems connect two or more
organizations.
An organization’s supply chain describe the flow of materials
, information money and service from raw material suppliers
through factories and warehouses to the end customers.
IT provide two major types of software solution for managing
supply chain activities . First enterprise resource planning
( ERP), Second Supply Chain Management (SCM)
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 19
21. IT outside your organization
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 21
22. Classification by Organization Levels
The typical enterprise is organized
hierarchically, from the clerical and office
worker layer, to the operational layer, the
managerial layer, the knowledge worker layer
and finally the strategic layer.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 22
23. The Clerical Level
Clerical workers constitute a large class of
employee who support managers at all levels
of the company. Among clerical workers,
those who use, manipulate, or disseminate
information are referred to as data workers.
These employee include bookkeepers,
secretaries who work with word processors,
electronic file clerks, and insurance claim
processors.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 23
24. The Operational Level
Operational, or first- line managers deal with
the day-to day operations of the organization,
making routine decision, which deal in
general with activities such as short- term
planning, organizing, and control
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 24
25. The Knowledge-Work Level
They act as advisors and assistants to both
top and middle management and are often
subject-area experts. Many of these
professional workers are classified as
knowledge workers, people who create
information and knowledge as part of their
work and integrate it into the business.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 25
26. The Strategic Level
Top-level or strategic managers( the
executive) make decision that deal with
situation that may significantly change the
manner in which business is done.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 26
27. 2.5 Computing Environment
Computing Environment: The way in which an
organization’s information technologies
( hardware, software, and communications
technology) are organized and integrated for
optimal efficiency and effectiveness.
Legacy system: Older systems, typically
those that process an organization’s high-volume
transactions, that are central to the
operations of a business.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 27
28. Distributed Computing
Computing architecture that divides the
processing work between two or more
computers, using a network for connection,
also called distributed processing.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 28
29. Client / server architecture
A type of distributed architecture that divides
distributed computing units into two major
categories, clients and servers, connected by
a network .
Client .A computer ( such as a PC attached to
a network ) that is used to access shared
network resources.
Server. A computer that is attached to a
client/server network and provides clients with
variety of services.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 29
30. Client/Server Architecture cont…
Enterprise wide computing. Computing
environment in which each client/ server
architecture is used throughout an
organization.
Peer- to – Peer (P2P). A distribute computing
network in which each client/ server computer
shares files or computer resources directory
with others but not through a central service
(as in traditional client/ server architecture).
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 30
31. 2.6 Web-Based Systems
Web based systems: Applications or service that are
resident on a server that is accessible using a web
browser and is therefore accessible from anywhere
via the internet.
Internet (“ the Net”): a world wide system of
computer – a network of networks; a public,
cooperative and self- sustaining facility accessible to
hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
Information Superhighway. A national fiber-optic-based
network and wireless infrastructure that will
connect all internet users in a country
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 31
32. World Wide Web
An application that uses the transport
functions of the Internet; has universally
accepted standards for storing, retrieving
formatting, and displaying information via a
client/server architecture
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 32
33. Intranet
A private network, usually within one
enterprise that uses web technologies such
as browsers and internet protocols separated
from the Internet by a security gateway such
as a firewall
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 33
34. Extranet
A secured network that connects several
intranet via the Internet; allows two or more
enterprise to communicate and collaborate in
a controlled fashion .
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 34
35. Corporate portal
Web site that provide the gateway to
corporate information from a single point of
access.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 35
36. Web-Based E-Commerce Systems
Electronic Storefront: The web- equivalent of
a showroom or a physical store through which
an e-business can display and/or sell its
products.
Electronic market: A network of interaction
and relationships over which information,
products service and payments are
exchanged.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 36
37. Web-Based E-commerce cont…
Electronic exchange: A web based public electronic
market in which many buyer and many sellers
interact electronically .
Mobile commerce: The buying and selling of goods
and services in a wireless environment.
Location based commerce: M–commerce transaction
targeted to customers in specific locations at specific
times.
Enterprise Web: An open environment for managing
and delivering web application by combining service
from different vendors in a technology layer that
spans platform and business systems.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 37
38. 2.7 Emerging Computing Environment
Utility computing: Unlimited computing power and
storage capacity that, like electricity and water
services, can be obtained on demand from virtual
utilities around the globe.
Subscription computing: A type of utility computing
that puts the pieces of a computing platform together
as services, rather than as a collection of separately
purchase component .
Grid computing: The use of networks to harness
unused processing cycles of various computers in
order to create powerful computing capabilities.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 38
39. Emerging Computing cont…
Pervasive computing: invisible, everywhere
computing that is embedded in objects
around us.
Web services: Universal, prefabricated
business process software modules,
delivered over the Internet that users can
select and combine through almost any
device enabling disparate system to share
data and services.
“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 39
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“ Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Inc.”Chapter 2 40