This document discusses microwaves and electromagnetic radiation. It defines microwaves as electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz. Microwaves are used for communication, radar, and heating. The document also discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and different types of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves. It notes hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel, ordnance, and fuel.
This narrated power point presentation attempts to examine the losses due to non-linear effects in optical fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Attenuation is
the reduction of signal strength or light power over the length of
the light-carrying medium. As the light signal travels down the fiber,
it losses power or attenuates.
Laser communications offer a viable alternative to RF communications for inter satellite links and other applications where high-performance links are a necessity.
This narrated power point presentation attempts to examine the losses due to non-linear effects in optical fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Attenuation is
the reduction of signal strength or light power over the length of
the light-carrying medium. As the light signal travels down the fiber,
it losses power or attenuates.
Laser communications offer a viable alternative to RF communications for inter satellite links and other applications where high-performance links are a necessity.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the working principle, types, classifications, merits, demerits, applications,safety and deployment issues related to Raman Amplifiers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
The following ppt gives overview about Optical Communication and the underlying principle with the general overview of all the contents for optical communication
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This presentation & video explains electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, band, bandwidth and how these concepts are used in mobile technology. We also look at antennas for smartphones including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Broadside Array vs end-fire array
Higher directivity.
Provide increased directivity in
elevation and azimuth planes.
Generally used for reception.
Impedance match difficulty in
high power transmissions.
Variants are:
Horizontal Array of Dipoles
RCA Fishborne Antenna
Series Phase Array
A Klystron is a vacuum tube that can be used either as a generator or as an amplifier or as an oscillator, at microwave frequencies.The Klystron is a linear beam device; that is, the electron flow is in a straight line focused by an axial magnetic field.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the working principle, types, classifications, merits, demerits, applications,safety and deployment issues related to Raman Amplifiers. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
The following ppt gives overview about Optical Communication and the underlying principle with the general overview of all the contents for optical communication
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the various dispersion mechanisms that are observed in optical fibers. Some fundamental terms and concepts are also discussed. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This presentation & video explains electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, band, bandwidth and how these concepts are used in mobile technology. We also look at antennas for smartphones including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Broadside Array vs end-fire array
Higher directivity.
Provide increased directivity in
elevation and azimuth planes.
Generally used for reception.
Impedance match difficulty in
high power transmissions.
Variants are:
Horizontal Array of Dipoles
RCA Fishborne Antenna
Series Phase Array
A Klystron is a vacuum tube that can be used either as a generator or as an amplifier or as an oscillator, at microwave frequencies.The Klystron is a linear beam device; that is, the electron flow is in a straight line focused by an axial magnetic field.
In wireless communication, we frequently use an electromagnetic wave. In this presentation, we can study wave equation, reflection, plane wave, and transmission line.
Using Metamaterials as Optical Perfect AbsorberSepehr A. Benis
Article review and presentation on basics of using metamaterials as optical perfect absorbers
Metamaterial Course Final Project ( Optional Graduate Course )
Dr. Leyla Yousefi
Physics 3 notes: light and sound mechanics including eyes, ears, longitudina...Robin Seamon
Notes on Light and Sound waves including the mechanics of how we see and hear to the different pitches, frequencies, and sound quality explaining longitudinal & electromagnetic waves as they relate; optical illusions & color theory included as well as video links
This is one of the presentation of Data Communication.Our teacher asked us on which topic (sector) of data communication will u work ?And we decided to work how waves affect on wireless communication or"Impact of waves on Wireless Communication" communication".
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
2. MICROWAVE
•electromagnetic waves with frequencies that
range (500MHz – 300 GHz)
• high frequencies, short wavelength
•An electromagnetic wave with a wavelength
in the range 0.001–0.3 m.
•Microwaves are used in radar, in
communications, and for heating
3. • Microwaves are electromagnetic waves which
consists of both electric and magnetic fields
perpendicular to each other and propagates at the
speed of light.
• Microwaves form parts of the electromagnetic
spectrum with typical wavelengths from 1 millimetre to
10 centimetres – something in between light waves
and radio waves.
• Microwaves are also used in telecommunications, e.g.,
radars, wireless computer networks and mobile
phones.
• The entire universe is filled with microwave radiation
left by the Big Bang explosion of the early Universe.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. Energy Sources
• Visible Light is only one form of electromagnetic
energy.
• Radio waves, heat, ultra-violet rays and X-rays
are other familiar forms.
• All of this energy is inherently similar, and
radiates in accordance with basic wave theory.
12. Wave Theory
Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electrical
field (E) which varies in magnitude in a direction
perpendicular to the direction in which the radiation
is travelling, and a magnetic field (M) oriented at
right angles to the electrical field.
Both these fields travel at the speed of light (c)
13.
14. Wavelength and Frequency
• Wavelength is measured in metres (m) or some factor
of metres such as:
▫ nanometers (nm, 10-9 metres),
▫ micrometers (mm, 10-6 metres) or
▫ centimetres (cm, 10-2 metres).
• Frequency refers to the number of cycles of a wave
passing a fixed point per unit of time. Frequency is
normally measured in hertz (Hz), equivalent to one
cycle per second, and various multiples of hertz.
15.
16. Wave Theory
From basic physics, waves obey the general
equation:
c=vλ
Since c is essentially a constant (3 x 108 m/sec),
frequency v and wavelength λ for any given wave
are related inversely, and either term can be used
to characterise a wave into a particular form.
17.
18. Electromagnetic Spectrum
• The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from the
shorter wavelengths (including gamma and x-rays)
to the longer wavelengths (including microwaves
and broadcast radio waves).
• There are several regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum which are useful for remote sensing.
19.
20.
21. Visible Spectrum
• The light which our eyes - our "remote sensors"
- can detect is part of the visible spectrum.
• It is important to recognise how small the visible
portion is relative to the rest of the spectrum.
• There is a lot of radiation around us which is
"invisible" to our eyes, but can be detected by
other remote sensing instruments and used to
our advantage.
22.
23. Visible Spectrum
• The visible wavelengths cover a range from
approximately 0.4 to 0.7 mm.
• The longest visible wavelength is red and the
shortest is violet.
• It is important to note that this is the only portion
of the EM spectrum we can associate with the
concept of colours.
26. Visible Spectrum
• Blue, green, and red are the primary colours or
wavelengths of the visible spectrum.
• They are defined as such because no single primary
colour can be created from the other two, but all other
colours can be formed by combining blue, green, and
red in various proportions.
• Although we see sunlight as a uniform or homogeneous
colour, it is actually composed of various wavelengths.
• The visible portion of this radiation can be shown when
sunlight is passed through a prism
27. Infrared(IR)Region
• The IR Region covers the wavelength range
from approximately 0.7 mm to 100 µm - more
than 100 times as wide as the visible portion!
• The infrared region can be divided into two
categories based on their radiation properties the reflected IR, and the emitted or thermal IR.
28.
29. Needs for microwaves in communication
• Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting
information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are
conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called
microwaves.
• This part of the radio spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly
1.0 gigahertz (GHz) to 30 GHz. These correspond to wavelengths from
30 centimeters down to 1.0 cm.
• Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications
because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to
direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the
receiving antenna.
• This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies
without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do.
30. Needs for microwaves in communication
• A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight
propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower
frequency radio waves can.
• Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point
communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in
satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications.
Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio
navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.
31. RADIATION HAZARDS
Radiation Hazard (RADHAZ) describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation
to :
1) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP)
2) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO)
3) Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF)
32. Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel
(HERP):
Effect only possible at 10x permissible exposure limits.
Cause harmful effects to humans.
Electromagnetic radiation from antennas fed by high–powered
transmitters can potentially injure personnel in the vicinity of the
radiating antennas. Transmitters on aircraft, aboard ship, and at
air stations are potential sources of harmful electromagnetic
radiation.
The danger of HERP occurs because the body absorbs
radiation and significant internal heating may occur without the
individuals knowledge because the body does not have internal
sensation of heat, and tissue damage may occur before the
excess heat can be dissipated.
33. Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel
(HERF):
Create sparks of sufficient magnitude to ignite flammable
mixtures
There is a potential for accidentally igniting fuel vapors by RF–
induced arcs during fuel
handling operations close to high–powered radio and radar
transmitting antennas. The facility
conducts radiation surveys to determine if the hazard exists in
fuel handling or fueling areas.
34. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
(HERO)
Extremely high power electromagnetic radiation can cause electric currents strong
enough to create sparks (electrical arcs) when an induced voltage exceeds the
breakdown voltage of the surrounding medium (e.g.air). These sparks can then
ignite flammable materials or gases, possibly leading to an explosion.
This can be a particular hazard in the vicinity of explosives or pyrotechnics, since
an electrical overload might ignite them.
This risk is commonly referred to as HERO(Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation
to Ordnance).
MIL-STD-464A mandates assessment of HERO in a system, but Navy document
OD 30393 provides design principles and practices for controlling electromagnetic
hazards to ordnance.
35. Radiation Hazard (RADHAZ)
Surveys are conducted to determine the RADHAZ
distance and appropriate safety precautions to
ensure personnel are not exposed to power
intensities exceeding established safe limits.