Cerebral Circulation New
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The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of cerebral circulation in the brain. It describes the major lobes of the brain and their blood supply, as well as the structures and pathways that provide blood to the brain, including the carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial systems. It also discusses the venous drainage of the brain and factors that control and can cause diseases of cerebral circulation.
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Cerebral circulation
The document discusses cerebral circulation and the blood supply to the brain. It covers the functional anatomy of cerebral blood vessels including the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries which form the Circle of Willis. It also discusses the unique properties of brain capillaries and the blood-brain barrier. Measurement techniques for cerebral blood flow like Kety's method and radioactive methods are explained. Factors regulating cerebral blood flow including cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral vascular resistance, and autoregulation are outlined. Finally, some applied aspects like stroke are briefly covered.
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The brain receives a large portion of the body's blood supply and oxygen consumption despite being only 2% of body weight. The internal carotid arteries supply the anterior circulation while the vertebral arteries supply the posterior circulation, with these systems connecting at the circle of Willis. Occlusion of cerebral arteries can cause neurological deficits corresponding to the brain areas supplied, such as hemiplegia from middle cerebral artery occlusion or homonymous hemianopia from posterior cerebral artery occlusion. Proper blood flow is crucial for brain function.
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2. Posterior circulation strokes involving the vertebral, basilar, or posterior cerebral arteries can cause visual field defects, memory problems, or lateral medullary syndrome with dizziness and sensory loss on one side of the face and trunk.
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I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
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The document summarizes blood circulation to the brain. It describes how blood is supplied to the brain through two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries that form a complex network called the circle of Willis. It then discusses the major arteries that branch off from this circle - the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries - and the regions of the brain each supplies. It notes that decreases in blood flow through these arteries can cause impairments or weaknesses on the opposite side of the body.
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I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
Cardiac Output
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2. The general landmarks of vertebrae including the spinous process, transverse process, and vertebral body.
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Cerebral circulation
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The document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and functions of the cerebellum. Some key points:
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- It is involved in motor control and coordination, balance, posture, and motor learning. Recent evidence also suggests roles in cognitive functions and affect regulation.
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Ataxia & cerebellar disorders
Ataxia is a lack of muscle coordination that can be caused by cerebellar, sensory or vestibular dysfunction. Signs of cerebellar disorders include ataxia, decomposition of movement, dysarthria, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, hypotonia, nystagmus, scanning speech, and intention tremor. Causes include hereditary conditions like spinocerebellar ataxia or Friedreich's ataxia, congenital malformations, degenerative conditions, tumors, systemic issues, drugs, and toxins. Management involves clinical diagnosis plus MRI imaging and supportive care as well as treating any underlying causes if present.
Intracranial pressure - waveforms and monitoring
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Blood supply of git
The document discusses the blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by describing the abdominal aorta and its branches, including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. These three anterior branches supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. It then provides details on the branches and drainage territories of each vessel. Venous drainage is described next, with the portal vein forming from the superior mesenteric and splenic veins to drain blood from the abdominal gastrointestinal tract and related organs into the liver. The document concludes by noting some portosystemic anastomoses and their clinical significance.
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This document provides an overview of nursing management for adult clients with neurologic alterations. It discusses anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, common health problems like altered level of consciousness and increased intracranial pressure. Diagnostic studies and neurological assessments are outlined. Intracranial pressure complications like cerebral herniation, diabetes insipidus, and SIADH are covered. Medical management goals and nursing interventions for conditions like altered level of consciousness and increased intracranial pressure are summarized.
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by choroid plexuses in the ventricles and absorbed through arachnoid villi. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain by preventing many substances in blood from entering brain tissue while allowing important nutrients to pass through. It is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells in brain capillaries and surrounding astrocyte foot processes. Together, CSF and the BBB help maintain a stable environment for the brain.
Localization in neurology 1
This document provides an overview of neurological localization and pathology. It discusses the extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, blood supply and drainage of the brain and spinal cord, cranial nerve nuclei, motor and sensory pathways, spinal tracts, the autonomic nervous system, common CNS pathologies, and practical considerations for neurological localization including involved systems, laterality, onset, progression, and circumstances.
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The document discusses the anatomy and blood supply of the brain. It describes that the brain receives blood supply from two main systems - the carotid system and vertebrobasilar system. The carotid system provides 70% of the blood supply while the vertebrobasilar system provides the remaining 30%. It also discusses the key arteries like the internal carotid, vertebral, basilar and cerebral arteries along with their branches that supply different regions of the brain.
Stroke (cva) , CVA, Cerebrovascular Accident, Transient Ischemic Attack
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The document discusses the cerebral vasculature and various pathologies related to cerebrospinal fluid circulation. It describes the internal carotid and vertebral-basilar arterial systems, including their major branches that supply different brain regions. Hydrocephalus is defined as a group of conditions resulting from impaired circulation and resorption of cerebrospinal fluid. A Chiari malformation involves the displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the cervical canal, which can lead to progressive hydrocephalus.
Brain vascular supply
1. The brain receives a significant portion of the body's blood supply and oxygen due to its high metabolic demand, with cerebrovascular diseases and stroke being major causes of death.
2. The internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries supply blood to the brain, which circulates through the Circle of Willis before branching into further arteries.
3. Veins drain blood from the brain into dural sinuses and then the internal jugular veins, with diploic and emissary veins providing alternatives if these are occluded. The cerebrospinal fluid also provides protection and nutrients to the brain and spinal cord.
cerebrovasular disease(ischemic, ICH & SAH).pptx
This document discusses cerebrovascular disease and stroke. It defines stroke and transient ischemic attack, and describes the main types of stroke as ischemic or hemorrhagic. Risk factors for ischemic stroke are discussed, including modifiable factors like hypertension and non-modifiable factors like age. The anatomy of brain blood vessels and circulation is outlined. Clinical presentations of strokes in different vascular territories are summarized, such as left middle cerebral artery infarction causing right-sided hemiparesis and sensory loss.
Human brain anatomy and physiologypptx.ppt
This document provides an overview of brain anatomy and physiology. It describes the major structures of the brain including the meninges, lobes, gyri and sulci. It outlines the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and blood supply to the brain. The document also reviews the cranial nerves and brainstem, detailing the origin and function of each cranial nerve.
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The document discusses cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) including definitions, blood supply to the brain, conditions caused by occlusion of different arteries, classification of strokes, diagnostic studies, and management of strokes. It covers topics such as transient ischemic attacks, the circle of Willis, effects of reduced cerebral blood flow, intravenous thrombolysis with tPA, complications of strokes, and risk factors. Rehabilitation goals and emerging therapies are also mentioned.
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The document summarizes key aspects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including its formation, circulation, composition, and functions such as cushioning the brain. CSF is produced in the choroid plexuses at a rate of 500 ml per day, circulates around the brain and spinal cord in ventricles and subarachnoid spaces, and is absorbed by arachnoid villi. It has a similar composition to plasma but contains less protein and glucose. The blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers regulate passage of substances between blood and CSF. Increased CSF pressure can occur if absorption is blocked.
QPR-Stroke
This document discusses the pathology of stroke and includes several case studies. It covers topics such as the types, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and complications of stroke. It also discusses transient ischemic attacks, hypertension and its complications and pathologies, arterial malformations, global ischemia, and venous infarcts. Microscopic features of infarction at various time points are also addressed.
Cerebral blood flow & stroke
This document discusses cerebral blood flow and stroke. It provides details on the anatomy and blood supply of the brain, different types of strokes including causes and locations. It describes the effects of infarctions in different arterial territories, focusing on deficits that can result from damage to areas supplied by the middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries. Treatment options are also summarized, including both pharmacological interventions and surgeries.
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The document discusses the nervous system including:
1) It describes the different types of nerve injuries including neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis.
2) It explains the regeneration process after nerve damage, involving macrophages, Schwann cells, and regenerating axons.
3) It provides an overview of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system including somatic nerves and the autonomic nervous system.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing neurological dysfunction. It is a leading cause of death and disability. There are two main types of stroke - ischemic (caused by clot) and hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding). Risk factors include age, gender, ethnicity, medical history, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, smoking, and others. Symptoms depend on the affected brain region and may include weakness, sensory changes, vision problems, and more. Treatment involves managing risk factors, medications to break up clots, and rehabilitation therapies focused on recovery of function.
NurseReview.Org - Cranial Nerves Nursing Lecture
1. The document describes the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and autonomic nervous system.
2. It discusses the various parts of the brain including the cerebral cortex and its lobes, as well as cognitive functions localized to different brain regions.
3. The document provides an overview of consciousness and disorders that can cause unconsciousness, methods for assessing level of consciousness including the Glasgow Coma Scale.
Blood supply of the brain
The document discusses the blood supply of the brain. It begins by describing the two pairs of arteries that supply the brain - the vertebral and internal carotid arteries. These arteries are interconnected to form the circle of Willis at the base of the brain. The vertebrobasilar system arises from the vertebral arteries and forms the basilar artery, which divides into the posterior cerebral arteries. The internal carotid system gives rise to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. These arteries and their branches supply different regions of the brain. The circle of Willis provides an important anastomosis between the two systems to ensure adequate blood flow to the brain.
cardiovascular changes in elderly
The cardiovascular system undergoes several changes with age. As people get older, their heart rate slows, cardiac output decreases, and blood vessels become stiffer. This makes the elderly more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Treatment involves medications, surgery, and lifestyle modifications to manage risks and conditions.
Case Study on Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA)
Case study on cerebro vascular accident (CVA) or stroke. It include History, Physical Examination, nursing care plan and Orem's nursing theory applied.
Cerebrovascular disorder or CVA is damage to part of the brain when its blood supply is suddenly reduced or stopped. The part of the brain deprived of blood dies and can no longer function. Blood is prevented from reaching brain tissue when a blood vessel leading to the brain becomes blocked (ischemic) or bursts (hemorrhagic). Symptoms following a stroke come on suddenly and may include: weakness, numbness, or tingling in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination inability to speak or difficulty speaking or understanding, trouble seeing with one or both eyes, or double vision, confusion or personality changes, difficulty with muscle movements, such as swallowing, moving arms and legs, loss of bowel and bladder control, severe headache with no known cause, and loss of consciousness.
Cerebral Blood Flow & Brain Metabolism.pptx
This document discusses cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, which include cerebral blood flow, vascular anatomy, the blood brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid, factors regulating blood flow, problems with blood flow and metabolism, and brain metabolism problems. It then goes on to describe the vascular anatomy that supplies blood to the brain, including the internal and external carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. It also discusses the circle of Willis, microcirculation in the brain, the blood brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid, and factors involved in regulating cerebral blood flow such as blood pressure, vascular resistance, autoregulation, and metabolic mediators.
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- 19. D. Venous drainage