The CVP catheter is an important tool used to assess right ventricular function and systemic fluid status. Normal CVP is 2-6 mm Hg. CVP is elevated by : overhydration which increases venous return.
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE INTUBATION II Parts II Details II Clinical DiscussionSwatilekha Das
What is endotracheal intubation?
Endotracheal intubation is a procedure by which a tube is inserted through the mouth down into the trachea (the large airway from the mouth to the lungs). Before surgery, this is often done under deep sedation. In emergency situations, the patient is often unconscious at the time of this procedure.
For detailed information plz watch the slides till end.......
And plz like, share and comment and follow......
The CVP catheter is an important tool used to assess right ventricular function and systemic fluid status. Normal CVP is 2-6 mm Hg. CVP is elevated by : overhydration which increases venous return.
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE INTUBATION II Parts II Details II Clinical DiscussionSwatilekha Das
What is endotracheal intubation?
Endotracheal intubation is a procedure by which a tube is inserted through the mouth down into the trachea (the large airway from the mouth to the lungs). Before surgery, this is often done under deep sedation. In emergency situations, the patient is often unconscious at the time of this procedure.
For detailed information plz watch the slides till end.......
And plz like, share and comment and follow......
Bag and Mask Ventilation By Sakun Rasaily @Ram K Dhamalaramdhamala11
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An oropharyngeal airway (also known as an oral airway, OPA or Guedel pattern airway) is a medical device called an airway adjunct used in airway management.
central venous pressure and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. invasiv...prateek gupta
central venous pressure and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. various sites for cvp and Ibp insertion. working principle for cvp and ibp. indication and complication. various waveform of cvp and ibp
Bag and Mask Ventilation By Sakun Rasaily @Ram K Dhamalaramdhamala11
Bag and mask Ventilation Presented by Sakun Rasaily,
(Pediatric Nurse, Pediatric ward , B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Science
Dharan, Sunsari (Nepal)
An oropharyngeal airway (also known as an oral airway, OPA or Guedel pattern airway) is a medical device called an airway adjunct used in airway management.
central venous pressure and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. invasiv...prateek gupta
central venous pressure and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring. various sites for cvp and Ibp insertion. working principle for cvp and ibp. indication and complication. various waveform of cvp and ibp
In medicine, a central venous catheter ("central line", "CVC", "central venous line" or "central venous access catheter") is a catheter placed into a large vein in the neck (internal jugular vein), chest (subclavian vein or axillary vein) or groin (femoral vein)
Pulmonary artery catheterisation, Cardiac surgeries, Non cardiac surgeries, LVEDD and PA pressure relationship, Technique and complications of PA placement
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2. Measure RV filling pressure.
Estimation of intravascular volume status.
Assessment of RV function
CVP
3. Major procedures involving large fluid shifts and/or blood loss.
Intravascular volume assessment when urine output is not reliable.
Major trauma.
Surgeries with high risk of air embolism.
Frequent venous blood sampling.
Venous access for vasoactive/irritating drugs & for long term drug
administration.
Inadequate IV access
Rapid infusion of IV fluids.
Transvenous pacing
Temporary hemodialysis
INDICATIONS
4. The distal end of the catheter – in one of the large
intrathoracic veins/ RA.
Zero point – taken at the centre of RA – important –
height can influence CVP measurement.
3 upward deflections : a,c,v
2 downward deflections : x,y
Trends are more important than individual values.
Influenced by IVC thrombosis and alterations of
intrathoracic pressure.
MEASUREMENT
8. Irregular rhythm with loss of a wave – AF/Afl.
Cannon a waves – junctional rhythm, complete heart block,
ventricular arrythmias, tricuspid stenosis, RVH, pulmonary stenosis,
Pulmonary hypertension.
Early/holosystolic cannon v waves – significant TR.
Large v waves – RVF/incompliant ventricle due to ischemia
Pericardial constriction – decreased venous return – prominent a and
v waves & steep x and y descents (M /Wconfig).
RV ischemia – tall a and v waves, steep x and y descent.
Cardiac tamponade – dominant x descent, attenuated y descent
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
9. Site chosen depends on patient condition, skill and
experience of the personnel and the indication.
Sites chosen include:
IJV
SUBCLAVIAN
EJV
ANTECUBITAL APPROACH
FEMORAL VEIN
TECHNIQUES & INSERTION SITES
10. 1st described by English et.al (1969)
Advantages:
High success rate
Short straight course of vein
Easy access from head
Fewer complications
Easy compressibility in patients with bleeding diathesis.
IJV APPROACH
11. Location – under the medial border of lateral head of SCM.
Right IJV preferred – leads straight to SVC and RA – minimises
injury to thoracic duct, pneumothorax.
Position :
Supine with head down position
Head turned to opposite side
Techniques:
Middle approach
Anterior high approach
Posterior approach
USG guided
IJV APPROACH
16. USG guided – advantages :
Minimises injury to carotid artery
Helps to identify the anatomy
Especially advantageous in patients with difficult neck
anatomy, prior neck surgeries and anticoagulated
patients.
IJV APPROACH
17. Tortuous path – reduced success rate
Advantages – avoids advancement of needle into
deeper structures.
EJV APPROACH
18. Supraclavicular and infraclavicular approach
High incidence of complications – esp pneumothorax.
Site of choice in patients undergoing surgeries of
head and neck and in trauma patients immobilised
with cervical collar
Useful in parentral nutrition/prolonged CVP
monitoring
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
21. Advantage –
Decreased complications
Ease of access
Disadvantage –
Difficult to ensure correct central venous placement of
cathether.
Caridac perforation and arrythmias
ANTECUBITAL VEINS
22. Ideally in SVC – parallel to vessel wall – below the
inferior border of clavicle – above 3rd rib, T4 – T5
interspace, azygos vein, tracheal carina and or above
the take off of the right main bronchus.
CONFIRMING CATHETHER POSITION
23. Increased success rate
2 cm below inguinal ligament – medial to pulsation of
femoral artery.
Increased chances of infection when placed for a long
time , thromboembolic events & vascular injury.
Especially indicated in patients with SVC obstruction.
FEMORAL VEIN
24. ABSOLUTE
SVC syndrome – CI to upper extremity placement
Infection at the site of insertion
RELATIVE
Coagulopathies
Newly inserted pacemaker wires
CONTRAINDICATIONS- CENTRAL
VENOUS CANNULATION
25. COMPLICATIONS OF CENTRAL VENOUS
CANNULATION
Arterial puncture with hematoma
A-V fistula
Hemothorax, chylothorax, pneumothorax
Brachial plexus injury
Horner’s syndrome
Air embolism
Catheter/wire shearing
COMPLICATIONS