This document discusses turbomachines and provides classifications. It begins by defining turbomachines as machines that transfer energy between a rotor and fluid, including both turbines and compressors. Turbines transfer energy from fluid to rotor, while compressors transfer from rotor to fluid. Turbomachines are then classified based on: whether they transfer energy from fluid to rotor (turbine) or rotor to fluid (pump); number of stages (single or multi-stage); extent of fluid (infinite or finite); type of fluid (thermal, gas, hydro); flow type (axial, mixed, or radial); purpose (power producing or absorbing); and design (open or closed). Comparisons are made between turbomachines and positive

1. Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423 603
(An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)
NAAC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Subject:- Turbo Machines
T.E.Mechanical
UNIT 1 :- Introduction to Turbo machines
Purushottam W. Ingle
Assistant Professor

2. 1
Turbo machines basics
Turbomachinery, in mechanical engineering,
describes machines that transfer energy between
a rotor and a fluid, including
both turbines and compressors.
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
5/18/2021
Turbine transfers energy from a fluid to a rotor, a
compressor transfers energy from a rotor to a fluid

3. 1
Turbo machines basics
These two types of machines are governed by the same
basic relationships including Newton's second Law of
Motion and Euler’s impulse momentum equation .
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
5/18/2021
Centrifugal pumps are also turbomachines that transfer
energy from a rotor to a fluid, usually a liquid, while
turbines and compressors usually work with a gas and
hydraulic turbines works with a fluid like water.

4. 1
Turbo Machines Classification
Turbomachines
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
According to
transfer of energy
From fluid
to rotor i.e. Turbine
From rotor
to fluid i.e. Centrifugal
pump
Number of stages
Single stage or Multistage
Extent of Fluid
Infinite extent of fluid
e.g. Wind turbine
Finite extent of fluid
e.g. Hydraulic, Gas and
Steam turbine
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5. 1
Turbo Machines Classification
Turbo Machines
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
Type of Fluid
Thermal
e.g. Steam Turbine
Compressor
Gas Turbine
Hydro
e.g. Hydraulic turbines
Like Pelton, Francis
and Kaplan Turbine,
Centrifugal Pump
Type of flow
Axial flow
e.g. Propeller
and Kaplan
Turbine
Mixed flow
Francis Turbine
Power
Power Producing
e.g. All turbines
Power absorbing
Centrifugal pump,
compressor
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6. 1
Turbo Machines Classification
Turbomachines
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
open
e.g. Wind
Turbine,
unshrouded
Fan
Closed
e.g. All turbines
Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal
Compressor
5/18/2021

7. 1
Turbo Machines Classification
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
5/18/2021

8. 1
Turbo Machines Classification
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
5/18/2021

9. 1
Turbo Machines Classification
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
5/18/2021

10. 1
Comparisons of Turbomachines with positive displacement machines
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
Positive Displacement Machines Turbomachines
Involves thermodynamics and mechanical
actions between nearly static fluid and slow
moving surface, volume change cause
pressure change.
Positive Displacements machines are low
speed machines.
These machines have low volumetric
efficiency
Involves thermodynamic and dynamic
actions between continuously flowing
fluid and rotating element, the pressure
change occurs primarily by means of
dynamic actions of rotating elements .
Turbomachines are high speed machines.
These machines have high volumetric
efficiency
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11. 1
Comparisons of Turbomachines with positive displacement machines
P.W.Ingle Department of Mechanical Engineering
Positive Displacement Machines
Efficiency of conversion is high.
Positive displacement machine like
reciprocating compressor is a low
speed isothermal machine.
Turbo Machines
Low
Turbomachine like centrifugal
compressor is a high speed
adiabatic machines
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