Cement is produced through a process of extracting raw materials like limestone and clay, grinding them into a fine powder called raw meal, burning the raw meal in a kiln at high temperatures to produce clinker, adding gypsum to the clinker and grinding it into a fine powder called cement. The cement is then stored in silos and shipped for use in construction applications like making concrete, mortar and building structures. Cement production requires quarrying raw materials and burning them at 1500°C, which accounts for 5% of global CO2 emissions. Additives are also included during cement production to enhance properties and allow recycling of waste materials.

2. INTRODUCTION
In 2006, the cements manufactured by Lafarge had an
average additive content of 23%. These additives were of
natural origin, such as limestone and volcanic rock, or
industrial origin, for example blast furnace slag (a steel
industry by-product) or fly ash (from coal-fired power
plants).
The use of additives:
• enhances certain cement properties,
• recycles materials that would otherwise have been sent to
landfill,
• reduces the consumption of natural raw materials,
• reduces CO2 emissions.

3. A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and
can bind other materials together. The word "cement" can be
traced back to the Roman term opus caementicium, used to
describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made
from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic
ash and pulverized brick supplements that were added to the
burnt lime, to obtain a hydraulic binder, were later referred to
as cementum, cimentum, cäment, and cement.
Cements used in construction can be characterized as being
either hydraulic or non-hydraulic, depending upon the ability
of the cement to set in the presence of water.

5. Step 1: extraction of raw materials
The raw materials needed to produce cement (calcium
carbonate, silica, alumina and iron ore) are generally
extracted from limestone rock, chalk, clayey schist or clay.
Suitable reserves can be found in most countries.
These raw materials are extracted from the quarry by
blasting. They are then crushed and transported to the
plant where they are stored and homogenized.
PROCESS

6. Step 2: raw grinding and burning
Very fine grinding produces a fine powder, known as raw meal,
which is preheated and then sent to the kiln. The material is heated
to 1,500°C before being suddenly and dramatically cooled by bursts
of air.
This produces clinker, the basic material required for the production
of all cements.
Cement manufacturing is the source of 5% of global CO2
emissions. The cement industry is a natural producer of CO2:
60% of emissions are due to the transformation of raw materials at
high temperatures (the "decarbonation" of limestone),
40% result from the combustion required to heat the cement kilns
to 1500°C.

7. Step 3: cement grinding and shipping
A small amount of gypsum (3-5%) is added to the clinker
to regulate how the cement will set.
The mixture is then very finely ground to obtain "pure
cement". During this phase, different mineral materials,
called "cement additives", may be added alongside the
gypsum. Used in varying proportions, these additives,
which are of natural or industrial origin, give the cement
specific properties such as reduced permeability, greater
resistance to sulfates and aggressive environments,
improved workability, or higher-quality finishes.
Finally, the cement is stored in silos before being shipped
in bulk or in bags to the sites where it will be used.

8. PROCESS DIAGRAM

9. INDUSTRIAL USES
Cement is a very useful binding material in construction. The
applications of cement over various fields of construction have
made it a very important civil engineering material. Some of the
numerous functions of cement are given below.
1. It is used in mortar for plastering, masonry work, pointing,
etc.
2. It is used for making joints for drains and pipes.
3. It is used for water tightness of structure.
4. It is used in concrete for laying floors, roofs and constructing
lintels, beams, stairs, pillars etc.

10. CONCLUSION
Finally, In the past, we used sand, rocks and other material to build houses
but nowadays we build our houses with cement. Cement production is
very important for us. A good cement means a good house.
In this presentation:
We talked about how cement is made from.
We explained the process of manufacturing cement.
And finally we spoke about the uses of cement.