This document provides information about the structures and organelles found within plant and animal cells. It compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cells. The main organelles of the animal cell are then described in more detail, including their structure and function. These organelles include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, centrioles, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Pictures and citations are provided to support the information presented.

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Biology
Cell Structures
By Taylor Eppler
EDU 107H

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TYPES OF CELLS
Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
http://jisong-biology.blogspot.com/

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TYPES OF CELLS:
Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
• Plants and Animals
• Bacteria • Distinct nucleus
• No nucleus • Contains
• Contain
• Lacking many membrane bound
DNA
membrane bound organelles
• Contain
organelles • Much larger than
ribosomes
• Very small prokaryotes
• Has plasma
• Reproduce through • Reproduction by
membrane
fission, budding, fra mitosis or meiosis
gmentation and
regeneration.

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Eukaryotic Cells
Plant VS Animal Cells
Plant Cell Animal Cell
http://bio3400.nicerweb.com/Locked/
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plant media/ch02/animal-cell.html
cell.html

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Eukaryotic Cells
Plant VS Animal Cells
Plant Cell Animal Cell
• Cell Wall • Lysosomes
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria • No cell wall
• Vacuoles
• Golgi Apparatus
• Endoplasmic • Centrioles
• Chloroplasts Reticulum
• Ribosomes

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The Animal Cell

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Cell Membrane
 What is it?
• The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer
 Function:
• To give the cell structure
• To keep organelles in
• To keep bad things out
 Selectively Permeable
• Allows the cell to regulate what goes in and out
Http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cell_membrane.gif

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Cytoplasm
 What is it?
• Fluid that fills up the cells
• All around the other organelles
• Contains sugars, proteins, and other molecules that keep the
cell running
 Function
• To keep the organelles suspended in the cell
• Breaks down sugars in the cell

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Nucleus
The ‘Brain’
 What is it?
• The brain of the cell
• It controls all of the functions of the cell.
• Examples of functions: eating, movement, and reproduction
 What is in the nucleus?
• The nucleolus
• Chromatin
• DNA

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Centrioles
 What are they?
• Two small organelles that allow
cell division
• They are located near the nucleus
 What do they do?
• They allow the cell to divide
• They help mitosis and meiosis occur
• http://www.westfield.ma.edu/personalpages/draker/edcom/final/web
projects/sp10/cell/centrioles.jpg

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Ribosomes
 What do they do?
• Protein builders in the cell
 Where are they?
• Floating in the cytoplasm
• On the endoplasmic reticulum
(When they are on the ER it becomes the rough ER)
 Importance:
• Without ribosomes the cell could not make proteins
• Without proteins the cell could not eat, regulate itself, or
produce more cells
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_ribos.html

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Mitochondria
The Power House
 What is it?
• The power house of the cell
 Function
• Digests nutrients and changes them into usable energy
• Allows cell respiration to occur
 Extra
• There can be multiple mitochondria in a cell
• It has a double membrane
• It is thought that at one point it was its own self sustaining cell
and not an organelle within a cell
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/gnn_images/news_content/04_03/protection/
p_1.gif

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Endoplasmic
Reticulum
 What is it?
• The packaging system of the cell
 What does it do?
• Works with the Golgi Complex, ribosomes, and DNA to
create membranes
 Rough VS Smooth ER
• Rough ER: contains ribosomes and helps package proteins
• Smooth ER: contains no ribosomes and helps the cell with
storage
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/endoplasmicreticulum/images/endoplasmicreticulumfigure1.jpg

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Golgi Apparatus
 Function
• Another packaging system in the cell
• Gathers simple molecules and creates complex molecules
• Packages these complex molecules in vesicles
• Either stores them for later or sends them out of the cell
 Partners
• Rough ER
• Ribosomes
http://cronodon.com/files/Golgi_apparatus.jpg

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Lysosomes
 What are they?
• Vesicles that contain proteins
• They are made by the Golgi Complex
 Function
• Digest food and other molecules in the cell
• Uses specialized proteins
• They digest food, organelles, and even other cells
http://www.tutordynamic.com/biology/img/function-of-lysosome.jpg

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Works Cited
 http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
 Dr. Learman, BIO 110H, Fall 2011
 Pictures were cited on the individual slides