The cell cycle is the series of growth and division steps that a cell undergoes to reproduce. It includes interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA (S phase), and mitosis (M phase), where the cell divides into two daughter cells. Mitosis is further divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, where the duplicated DNA is separated and distributed into the two daughter cells. Cytokinesis then separates the cytoplasm, finalizing the formation of the two new cells. The cell cycle is highly regulated and involves growth and DNA replication in preparation for accurate division.

1. CellCycle
OmarNabel

2. Introduction
Cell Cycle: It is the series of growth and development steps a cell
undergoes between its “birth”—formation by the division of a
mother cell—and reproduction—division to make two new daughter
cells.
To divide, a cell must complete several important tasks, it must:
- Grow
Copy its genetic material (DNA).
-Physically split into two daughter cells.
Cells perform these tasks in an organized, predictable series of steps
that make up the cell cycle.

3. Preparation fordivision happens in threesteps:
-G1 phase (first gap phase)
-S phase
-G2 phase (second gap phase)
Afterthat M phase(mitotic) is begun.
Interphase

4. G1 phase
During G1 phase:
- the cell grows physically larger (*1.5).
- copies organelles.
- makes the molecular building blocks it will need in later steps.

5. S phase
In S phase:
-The cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
-Duplicates the centrosome (a microtubule-organizing structure
which help in separating DNA during M phase).

6. G2 phase
During G2 phase:
-The cell grows more. (*2)
-Makes proteins and organelles.
-Begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for Mitosis.
G2 phase ends when mitosis begins.

7. M phase
(mitotic)
During the mitotic (M) phase : the cell divides its copied DNA and
cytoplasm to make two new cells.
M phase involves two distinct division-related processes: mitosis
and cytokinesis.

8. Mitosis
Mitosis is divided into 4 stages:
Prophase  Metaphase  Anaphase Telophase
In mitosis:
-The nuclear DNA of the cell condenses into visible chromosomes
and is pulled apart by the mitotic spindle
-A specialized structure made out of microtubules.
-The nucleus is turned to 2 nuclei.

9. Prophase
During the Prophase:
-Nuclear membrane starts to disappear.
-The centrosomes migrate to the opposite sides of the cell.
These all happens because of chemical and thermodynamic
reactions.

10. Metaphase
In Metaphase :
-The nuclear membrane had disappeared.
-The chromosomes start lining up in the middle of the cell
-The centrioles inside the centrosomes produce microtubules that
attach to the chromosomes in the centromere (where the two
chromatins are attached together).

11. Anaphase
In Metaphase:
-Each of two chromatins(in each chromosomes) are separated
from each other when they are pulled by the microtubules from
the centrioles.
-Each chromatin is called a chromosome.
-The chromosome are migrated to the opposite sides of the cell.
-The cell membrane is getting narrower in the middle preparing for
the cytokinesis.

12. Telophase
InTelophase:
-This stage is nearly opposite to the prophase.
-Nuclear membrane start to form around the DNA

13. Cytokinesis
It can be called the separation phase.
Cytokinesis is a phase after telophase in which the mother cell
separates to 2 daughter cells.
Cytokinesis isn’t the same in animal and plant cells but it get the
same result.

14. 50%
20%
20%
10%
Life of the cell
G1 S G2` Mitotic phase

15. Thanks for Reading
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