The document defines key terms related to the cell cycle, which consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase includes gap phases 1 and 2 and DNA synthesis. Mitosis divides the cell nucleus into two identical nuclei through the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm into two daughter cells through inward pinching in animal cells and formation of a cell plate in plant cells.

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The Cell Cycle
Interphase, Mitosis & Cytokinesis

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Learning Objectives

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Define these KEYWORDS
 Centromere
 Chromatin
 Chromatid
 Chromosome
 Histones
 Telomeres

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The Cell Cycle….
 INTERPHASE – Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S) and Gap 2 (G2)
 MITOSIS – Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
 CYTOKINESIS

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INTERPHASE
 Gap 1 (G1): - Cells grow in size and duplicate their organelles
- Cells carry out normal functions
Checkpoint
 Synthesis (S) – DNA in the nucleus is replicated so there are now
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Checkpoint
 Gap 2 (G2) – Cells continue to grow so they are large enough to
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Checkpoints make sure the cells have enough nutrients, are the
correct size and that the DNA is undamaged.
Once the cells have passed the checkpoints, they are ready for
division.
By the end of interphase, each cell has 2 FULL SETS OF DNA –
or chromosomes – and is large enough to divide.

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MITOSIS
 Divides the cell’s nucleus into 2 genetically identical nuclei –
each with its own full set of DNA

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• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
chromosomes
centromere
centriole
Spindle fibers
Metaphase plate
Mitosis

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Complete activity sheet.
Cut out the stages and put them in the correct order, matching
them to their correct picture and description.

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INTERPHASE

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MITOSIS

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CYTOKINESIS

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CYTOKINESIS
 Divides the cytoplasm into 2 cells.
 Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells.
In ANIMAL CELLS:
The membrane forms a furrow that is pulled
inwards by tiny filament like a drawstring.
Gradually, the membrane pinches closed,
forming a separate cell around each nucleus.
Cytoplasm is divided evenly between daughter
cells

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CYTOKINESIS
 Divides the cytoplasm into 2 cells.
 Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells.
In PLANT CELLS:
The membrane cannot pinch inward because of
the cell wall so a cell plate is formed between the
2 nuclei.
Golgi apparatus supplies the new plasma
membrane.
A new cell wall grows and cytoplasm is divided
evenly between daughter cells.