Mitosis is a process of cell division that produces two daughter cells with identical genetic material to the parent cell. It occurs somatically for growth and tissue repair. During interphase, the cell grows and DNA duplicates. Mitosis then begins with prophase, where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. In metaphase, chromosomes align at the center. In anaphase, chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. Telophase ends with two identical daughter nuclei forming. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, completing cell division.

1. Mitosis
 Purpose: occurs in
somatic (body) cells
for growth and repair
of tissue (ex. Growing,
or healing an injury).
Occurs in both plants
and animals: asexual
reproduction, (starting
a new plant from a
stem/leaf of another
one)

2.  Method: mitosis involves
one duplication of nuclear
material, and one division of
the cell. Chromosome
number is maintained
(diploid  diploid (normal
chromosome #).
 Daughter cells are identical
to each other and to the
parent cell.

3. The cellular life cycle

4. Cell Cycle:
 Interphase – mostly the active growth and
metabolism of the cell, but at the end of
interphase, DNA (found in chromosomes)
duplicates (makes a copy of itself)
 During interphase, chromosomes are referred to as
chromatin – a loosely scattered arrangement of
chromosomes

5. Mitotic Phase
 Period of cell division
 Shortest stage in the cell
cycle

7. Chromosomes Vs. Chromatin
 DNA exists in Chromatin
form in the nucleus.
 The chromatin condenses
to form Chromosomes
during cell division

9.  INTERPHASE: The normal
growth and development stage
of cells
 During this stage cellular
activities proceed normally
 There is no DNA replication
 Cell produces proteins through
protein synthesis
 Cells usually increase in size
and mass
 Chromosomes are not readily
visible and are intertwined in
the nucleus

10.  This is known as the “G1 stage” of the cellular cycle. The cell
spends the majority of its life in this stage.
 The cell then enters the “S” or Synthesis stage. During this
stage of Interphase DNA replication occurs and the
chromosomes make identical copies of themselves.
 The “G2 stage” is a short period of growth and other
preparations necessary for mitosis.

11. Interphase in an animal cell

15.  PROPHASE: At the end of
Interphase the
chromosomes replicate
themselves. This signals
the start of prophase
 During prophase the
centrioles migrate to
opposite poles of the cell
 The nuclear membrane
breaks down and
dissolves
 The chromosomes
shorten & thicken

17. Prophase in a plant cell

18. Prophase in an animal cell

19.  At this point the two replicas of the parent chromosomes are called
chromatids
 The two chromatids are joined together in a region known as the
centromere
 As prophase continues some of the cells cytoskeleton (made up of
microfilaments) form the spindle fibers
 By the end of prophase an entire network of microfilaments has
formed and is attached to the chromatids at the centromere
 The cell now enters METAPHASE

20. Metaphase begins as
the chromatids begin
to move towards the
equator of the cell
When all the
chromatids have
reached the center of
the cell AND begin
to separate
ANAPHASE begins

23. Metaphase in an animal cell

24. Metaphase in a plant cell

25. What differences can you describe
between the 1st Meiotic metaphase
and the metaphase in mitosis?
What differences can you describe
between the 2nd Meiotic
metaphase and the metaphase in
mitosis?

26.  Anaphase begins with the
separation of chromatid pairs
 Once separated each
chromatid is called a
chromosomes
 By late anaphase an equal
number of chromosomes has
reached each pole
 The cell membrane begins to
change shape getting thinner
in the middle

28. Anaphase in an animal cell

29. Anaphase in a plant cell

30.  Telophase: during early
telophase the
chromosomes uncoil
 The fragments of the
nuclear membrane
begin to reassemble
around the
chromosomes
 The nucleolus reappears
 The cell membrane, and
cell plate in plant cells,
begins to form in the
space between the two
new nuclei.

33. Telophase in an animal cell

34. Telophase in a plant cell

38.  The two daughter cells separate by
a process called cytokinesis
 The cell membrane returns to
normal and the new daughter cells
enter Interphase
 And the cycle continues…..

41. Vocab Words