A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle.
More than half of all proteins interact with membranes.
Details of cytoskeleton element-microtubule. The Microtubule associated protein-type and function, Treadmilling and dynamic instability, Structure of cilia and flagella
Membrane proteins are proteins that interact with, or are part of, biological membranes. They include integral membrane proteins that are permanently anchored to the membrane and peripheral membrane proteins which are only temporarily attached to the lipid bilayer or to integral proteins.
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle.
More than half of all proteins interact with membranes.
Details of cytoskeleton element-microtubule. The Microtubule associated protein-type and function, Treadmilling and dynamic instability, Structure of cilia and flagella
Membrane proteins are proteins that interact with, or are part of, biological membranes. They include integral membrane proteins that are permanently anchored to the membrane and peripheral membrane proteins which are only temporarily attached to the lipid bilayer or to integral proteins.
8. Biology and characterization of cultured cellsShailendra shera
Immediate environment and environment of surrounding medium governs the various properties of cell. The in vitro condition markedly affects the cellular property of cultured cells. For e.g. Reduction in Cell–cell and cell-material interaction. Therefore, it is imperative to develop understanding of biology of cells in response to various environmental conditions. Characterization of cells helps to identify the origin, purity and authenticity of cells and cell lines.
This Presentation provides an outline knowledge about Cellular Communication, Steps involved, Its Types, Signal Transduction, Secondary Messenger , Receptors with some Interesting Facts and Current Trends. An assignment for the subject, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, 1st year M.Pharm, 1st semester.
epithelium covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and constitute glands.so it is important to know about epithelium in detail to deal with tissue of different type and origin.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
3. CELL - CELL INTERACTION
• Varying degree of interaction found in body
• 2 types:- Stable ( in tissue)
Transient ( in immune response)
IMPORTANCE
• Bidirectional transfer of information between exterior and interior
of cell
• Development and functioning of multicellular organism
• In tissue formation
5. Types
4 types of cell adhesion molecules
1) Selectin
2)Cadherins
3)Ig like cell adhesion molecules
4)Integrin
6.
7. Selectin
• Family of integral membrane glycoprotein
• Which bind with particular arrangement of sugar which project
from surface of other cell
• Calcium dependent adhesion
STRUCTURE
• Small cytoplasmic domain
• Membrane spanning domain
• Large extracellular domain ,in which outer most domain act as
lectin
9. Role
• Attachment of mammalian embryos to the wall of uterus
during implantation
• Selectin mediate transient interaction between circulating
leukocytes and vessels wall at site of inflammation and
clotting
10. Cadherin
• Large family of glycoprotein
• Calcium dependent adhesion
• It transmit signal from extracellular membrane to cytoplasm
• Homophilic interaction
Types
• 30 types of cadherins are known
1. E= epithelial
2. P= placental
3. N=neural
4. R= retinal
Brain express largest number of cadherins
11. Structure
• Integral membrane glycoprotein which made up from 720-750
amino acids
• Large extracellular segment which have 5 or 6 domain which have
same size and structure
• Single transmembrane domain
• Small cytosolic domain which attached with catenin family of
cytosolic protein
Role of catenin
• Tether the cadherin to cytoskeleton
• Signal transmission to cytoplasm
14. Ig like CAM
• It consist polypeptide chain which composed of number of
similar domain
• Each domain contain 70-110 amino acids which organised into
tightly folded structure
• It present on wide variety of protein called “immunoglobin
superfamily”
• Members of Ig superfamily are involve in immune function
• It mediate calcium independent cell - cell interaction
• Weak adhesion & homophilic & heterophilic interaction
15.
16. Example
1. NCAM = Neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56)
chromosome 11 , expressed on surface of neurons and skeletal
muscles . It also detect on Tc cell and dendritic cell
2. VCAM =Vascular cell adhesion molecules (CD106)
chromosome 1 , mediate adhesion of lymphocytes , monocytes ,
eosinophils , basophils to vascular endothelium
3. L1 cell adhesion molecule
Role: nervous system development ,neuronal migration and
differentiation
17. Importance of L1 in Human
• L1 syndrome is an inherited, X linked disorder occurring in male
that primarily affect the nervous system
• Mainly characterized by hydrocephalus, muscles stiffness &
difficulty in speaking
• It is generally observed in 1 in 30000 males
18. Integrin
• Calcium dependent adhesion
• Large family of integral membrane proteins which found only in
animals
• Large class of cell surface receptors
• Two major types of activities:
1. adhesion of cells to their substratum
2. transmission of signals from the external environment to the
cells interior ( outside –in)
19. Structure
• Heterodimer of alpha and beta subunit and they are non
covalently linked with each other
• In mammals ,29 integrin are known
1. 18 alpha subunit
2. 8 beta subunit
• Different combination of these alpha and beta subunit form
all 29 integrin molecules
20. • Two subunit are oriented to
form Globular extracellular
head & Pair of elongated legs
• The legs of each subunit
extend through membrane as
a single transmembrane helix
• End in small cytoplasmic
domain of about 20-70 amino
acids
21. • Beta 2 integrin mainly mediate cell – cell interaction , it bind
with specific ligand on another cell such as endothelial cell
sometimes it may be Ig superfamily.
• It enable WBC to attach firmly to endothelial cell at site of
infection & migrate out of the blood stream to the infected site
• human with genetic disease called leucocytes deficiency are
unable to synthesized beta 2 subunit
• Their WBC lack the beta 2 receptor & suffer with repeated
bacterial infection