Behavior modification techniques aim to motivate behavior through environmental factors that can be observed and measured, rather than internal drives. These motivating operations include establishing operations that increase the effectiveness of reinforcers, abolishing operations that decrease effectiveness, and motivating operations that affect consequences. Motivating operations can be unconditioned and innate like food deprivation, or conditioned through prior learning like imaginary pressure. Motivating operations differ from stimulus-discriminative stimuli in that they temporarily alter the value of consequences rather than elicit a specific response.

1. Behavior Modification Chapter 19 – Ryan Sain

2. Motivation Traditional definitions focus on internal drives This is typically circular Behaviorally – motivation relates to something in the environment that can be observed and measured Motivating operations Establishing operations Abolishing operations These affect consequences – both punishers and reinforcers

3. Conditioned vs. unconditioned With unconditioned MOs the value altering effect is innate Food deprivation But the behavior it affects IS learned With conditioned MOs he value altering effect is due to prior learning Imaginary pressure (for practice)

4. How are these different than sds? Sds are a stimulus that is connected to a specific response through a contingency CMEOs are events or conditions that alter the effectiveness of the consequence They are temporary effects Rules and goals are often CMEOs and not SDsinto themselves.