This document compares CDMA2000 and WCDMA mobile network standards. It discusses their deployment status worldwide as of 2004, with CDMA2000 having over 87 million subscribers compared to 3 million for WCDMA. The document also outlines key technical differences between the standards, such as bandwidth, power control frequency, and cell search procedures. It analyzes their coverage in Taiwan, finding CDMA2000 provides better coverage due to operating in the 800MHz band versus 2.1GHz for WCDMA.
At 5G Technology Summit in Shanghai, NXP's Paul Hart, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Radio Frequency, will share the evolution to 5G that builds on 4G and Pre-5G. Click through and explore how 5G works with RF front end solutions and power amplifiers.
http://www.nxp.com/5Gradio. NXP featured a cellular base station concept at IMS 2017. See these details about NXP’s next generation 5G radio solutions. The 5G evolution will be much more than cell phones.
At 5G Technology Summit in Shanghai, NXP's Paul Hart, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Radio Frequency, will share the evolution to 5G that builds on 4G and Pre-5G. Click through and explore how 5G works with RF front end solutions and power amplifiers.
http://www.nxp.com/5Gradio. NXP featured a cellular base station concept at IMS 2017. See these details about NXP’s next generation 5G radio solutions. The 5G evolution will be much more than cell phones.
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...Alberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about benefits of SmallCells in order for capturing high density traffic. Also, presents new 5G architecture and technologies for high capacity supporting, such as: mmWave support; massive MIMO; beamforming; New Radio Design; virtualization in the edge;
This Presentation is useful to study about GSM means Global System for Mobile Communication. This Presentation is also useful to make PPT on this topic.
Bunang Fibre Optics is a 100% black owned company, is the subsidiary of Bunang Holdings (PTY) LTD established in 2014.
Bunang Fibre Optics is a specialist distributor of Radio Frequency (RF). Fibre Optic Communications components, Sub System & Accessories. The company is committed to client satisfactory and exceptional service levels to communications industries in Africa.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
Ericsson’s Thin Layer GSM offers superior performance with minimum resources and lowest OPEX.
http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/telecom-operators/gsm-thin-layer
NOTE: The slides contain the visual effects. So for complete information download the presentation and view it in slideshow mode.
Description of Non-orthogonal Multiple access in 5G networks Detailed discussion on downlink NOMA scenario and future challenges and trends.
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...Alberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about benefits of SmallCells in order for capturing high density traffic. Also, presents new 5G architecture and technologies for high capacity supporting, such as: mmWave support; massive MIMO; beamforming; New Radio Design; virtualization in the edge;
This Presentation is useful to study about GSM means Global System for Mobile Communication. This Presentation is also useful to make PPT on this topic.
Bunang Fibre Optics is a 100% black owned company, is the subsidiary of Bunang Holdings (PTY) LTD established in 2014.
Bunang Fibre Optics is a specialist distributor of Radio Frequency (RF). Fibre Optic Communications components, Sub System & Accessories. The company is committed to client satisfactory and exceptional service levels to communications industries in Africa.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
Ericsson’s Thin Layer GSM offers superior performance with minimum resources and lowest OPEX.
http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/telecom-operators/gsm-thin-layer
NOTE: The slides contain the visual effects. So for complete information download the presentation and view it in slideshow mode.
Description of Non-orthogonal Multiple access in 5G networks Detailed discussion on downlink NOMA scenario and future challenges and trends.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
2. Introduction of APBW
First 3G operator in Taiwan
Most valuable mobile service provider
Innovation, Quality, Efficiency
November, 2001
Obtained CDMA2000 license E in February, 2002
Commercial Launched on 07/29/2003
Establishment
Vision
Integrate voice, data, video and media content
Form strategic alliance with global renown telecoms to gain
regional competitive advantage
Become the most efficient broadband service provider
delivering fix line, cable, internet and mobile communications
Objectives
Customer’s
1st Choice
3. Asia Pacific Telecom Group
Asia Pacific Telecom GroupAsia Pacific Telecom GroupAsia Pacific Telecom Group
APOLAPOL
Operations Support Systems with Synergy of
Networks, Multiple Technologies, Discipline, and Human Resources
Operations Support Systems with Synergy of
Networks, Multiple Technologies, Discipline, and Human Resources
•Broadband Wireless
-Basic Services
-Value-added
Services
•Broadband Wireless
-Basic Services
-Value-added
Services
•Broadband Internet
Access
•IDC
•Value-Added
Applications and
Services
•Integrated Enterprise
Networks
•Broadband Internet
Access
•IDC
•Value-Added
Applications and
Services
•Integrated Enterprise
Networks
• Voice Services
• Data Services
• Lease Line
• Voice Services
• Data Services
• Lease Line
EBTEBT APBWAPBW
4. Advanced Technology—Evolution of CDMA Network Standard
WAP/9.6KWAP/9.6K
PHS/32-64KPHS/32-64K
Competition for Mobile
Network Transmission Rate
GPRS/64KGPRS/64K
5. 3G Impact to Live Style
Enlarge mobile broadband applications much beyond 2G’s capability
Information Services
Transactions
On-Line Scheduler
Vehicle Location /
Navigation Services
On-Demand
News and Information
Extended Roaming
Teleworking
Internet Access
Voice Services Multimedia
Entertainment
•User Friendly•High Data Rate•Rich Content
6. Integrated Product—Various 3G Handsets
The specification of CDMA handsets includes High-resolution, passive Matrix Color
Display, multi Polyphonic ringing tones, external or integrated digital camera, Caller
ID in one or even double screen. Besides, you can capture the moment with the
integrated camera and then send your best shots via MMS.
Handsets that support GPS can provide accurate location information.
The manufacturers for CDMA handsets are a lot, e.g. Benq, Samsung, MOTO, LG,
Sanyo, Sony, Casio…etc. Consumers can get what they need in the market.
9. Worldwide Mobile Status as of Jan, 2004
GSM 987.3 million
CDMA2000 1x 82.1 million
CDMA2000 EV-DO 5.53 million
WCDMA/UMTS 3.01 million
Source:
• GSM MoU http://www.gsmworld.com
• 3G today http://www.3gtoday.com
10. Worldwide 3G Market Status as of Jan, 2004
CDMA 2000 vs W-CDMA
CDMA 2000
87.6Million
W-CDMA
3.01Million
12. IS95 & CDMA2000 deploymentsIS95 & CDMA2000 deployments
CDMA2000 is currently continuously spreading out
There are about 18 commercial 3G CDMA2000 networks today
13. CDMA2000 Success Story in Korea as of Nov, 2003
SKT: CDMA2000 1X, ARPU =US$48 is double to 2G
SKT: ARPU CAGR = 7%, Data growth rate = 50%
62%68%77.5%72.5%CDMA2000 1X (%)
3.07.214.024.2CDMA2000 1X
4.810.418.233.4Total Mobile
LGTKTFSKTSub. (m)Type
South Korea Subscribers as of Nov, 2003
14. CDMA2000 Success Story in Japan as of Nov, 2003
Total 3G sub. in Japan in Nov, 2003 = 12.9M
KDDI (CDMA2000 1X) 3G user = 11.2M,
DoCoMo (WCDMA) user = 1.3M
KDDI 3G ARPU is more than 25% to 2G, Data ARPU is 2 to 3 times than 2G
Remark: China Unicom CDMA user = 15.8M
China Unicom GSM ARPU=RMB 67
CDMA ARPU=RMB 172
18. System performance comparisonSystem performance comparison
W-CDMA cdma2000 (1x / 1xEV-DO)
Bandwidth 5 MHz 1.25 MHz
Chip rate 3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps
Power control
frequency
1500 Hz up/down
1xRTT: 800 Hz up/down
1xEV-DO: no DL PC
Base station
synchronization
Not needed Yes, via GPS
Cell search
3-step approach via primary,
secondary search code and CPICH
Sync through time-shifted short
code correlation
Downlink Pilot
CDM common (CPICH)
TDM dedicated (bits in DPCH)
1xRTT: CDM common
1xEV-DO: TDM common
User separation CDM / TDM (shared channel)
1xRTT: CDM
1xEV-DO: TDM (scheduler)
2G interoperability
GSM-UMTS handover
(Multi-mode terminals)
1xRTT backward compatible
(1xEV-DO not)
Differences between W-CDMA and cdma2000
19. 33G Coverage in TaiwanG Coverage in Taiwan
CDMA2000 works in 800MHz and UMTS(WCDMA) works in 2.1GHz
CDMA2000 BTS covers larger area
CDMA2000 BTS quantity can be less than UMTS(WCDMA) with same quality
Data Rate
- CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO is up to 2.4Mbps by E2004
- WCMDA is only 384Kbps by E2004
1.43
4.8
0.72
1.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
kmorkm^2
cdma2000 (800 MHz) UMTS
cdma2000 vs. UMTS Coverage
(suburban environment)
cell radius site coverage