This document provides an introduction to key concepts in information technology including data, information, the need for information, qualities of information, value of information, data concepts, components of a file, data storage, file organization, information systems, computer-based information systems, and the interdependence between business organizations and information systems.

1. INTODUCTION TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

2. DATA AND
INFORMATION
DATA:-
DATA ARE SET OF IOSOLATED,UNRELATE,UNINTERPRATED RAW
FACTS.
INFORMATION:-
INFORMATION REFERS TO MEANINGFULL DATA.IT IS A SET OF
ORGANISED,VALIDATED,CORRECTED AND COLLECTED DATA.

3. NEED FOR INFORMATION
→ADDITION OF KNOWLEGDE
→DECISION MAKING AIDS
→INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY

4. QUALITY OF
INFORMATION
1.VALIDITY:-THE INFORMATION SHOULD HAVE
MINIMIZED UNCERTAINITIES TO BE TREATED
AS A VALID INFORMATION.
2.MEANINGFULNESS:-IT SHOULD BE MEANINGFUL
IN GIVEN CONTEXT AND FOR THE PERSON
CONCERNED.
3.PRECISON:-IT SHOULD BE CONCISE HAVING
SUMMARISED RELEVANT DATA.
4.ACCURACY:-IT SHOULD TRY TO REACH
MAXIMUM POSSIBLE ACCURACY

5. VALUE OF INFORMATION
1.FORM UTILITIES:-AS THE FORM OF INFORMATION
MORE CLOSELY MATCHES THE REQUIREMENTS OF
DECISION MAKER , ITS VALUE INCREASES.
2.TIME UTILITY:-INFORMATION HAS GREATER VALUE TO
THE DECISION MAKER IF IT IS AVAILABLE WHEN NEEDED.
3.ACCESSIBILITY:-INFORMATION HAS GREATER VALUE IF
IT CAN BE ACCESSED OR DELIVERED EASILY
4.DECISION MAKING POTENTIAL:-IF IT PROVIDES HELP
TO MAKE AN EFFECTIVE DECISION WITH MINIMUM COST ,
TIME AND EFFORT ,SUCH INFORMATION HA MORE VALUE.

6. DATACONCEPTS
ALL INFORMATION CONCEPTS,IT’S
TIME WE TALKED ABOUT IS DATA
CONCEPTS.THESE CAN BE VIEWED
IN TWO TERMS:-
1.PHYSICAL DATA CONCEPT:-IT REFERS TO THE MANNER IN
WHICH DATA IS RECORDED PHYSICALLY ON HARDWARE.
2.LOGICAL DATA CONCEPT:-IT IS THE MANNER IN WHICH DATA
ARE PRESENTED TO THE APPLICATION PROGRAMMER.

7. COMPONENTS OF A FILE
BYTE:-A BYTE IS A GROUP OF EIGHT BITS AND IS USED
TO STORE A CHARACTER.
DATA ITEM:-A DATA ITEM IS A SMALLEST UNIT OF
NAMED DATA.
DATA AGGREGATES:-IT IS A NAMED COLLECTION OF
DATA ITEMS WITHIN A RECORD AND REFERS TO A
WHOLE.
RECORD:-A RECORD IS A NAMED COLLECTION OF
DATA ITEMS WHICH REPRESENTS A COMPLETE UNIT
OF INFORMATION.
FILE:-A FILE IS A NAMED COLLECTION OF ALL

8. DATA STORAGE
DEFINITION:-DATA ARE STORED
FOR LATER USE
.
FACTOR AFFECTING THE WAY OF DATA ARE STORED:-
1.SPACE SAVING
2.MINIMIZATION OF REDUNDANCY
3.THROUGHPUT
4.DATA VOLATILITY
5.FILE ACTIVE RATIO

9. FILE ORGANIZATION
DEFINITION:-THE TECHNIQUES USED TO REPRESENT AND
STORE THE RECORDS ON A FILE IS REFERRED TO AS FILE
ORGANIZATION.
THREE FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIZATION TECHNIQUES ARE:-
1.SEQUENTIAL FILE ORGANIZATION
2.DIRECT ACCESS FILE ORGANIZATION.
3.INDEX FILE ORGANIZATION.

10. INFORMATION SYSTEM
DEFINITION:-IT IS DEFINED TECHNICALLY AS A SET OF
INTERRELATED COMPONENTS THAT COLLECT ,PROCESS,
STORE , AND DISTRIBUTE DATA AND INFORMATION AND
PROVIDE A FEEDBACK MECHANISM TO MEET AN OBJECTIVE

11. COMPUTER BASED
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
DEFINITION:-IT IS AN ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM THAT RELY ON COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO
COLLECT, PROCESS, STORE, AND DISSEMINATE
INFORMATION. IT IS COMPOSED OF HARDWARE ,SOFTWARE,
DATA BASE, TELECOMMUNICATION ,PEOPLE ,AND
METHODS.

12. INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION
SYSTEM

13. By - Aadarsh Srivastava
Contact – 7827019719
Facebook – aadarsh7777777
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